1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 14912:2006Incorporating corrigendum August 2006Gas analysis Conversion of gas mixture composition dataICS 71.040.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g6
2、0g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14912:2006. It is identical with ISO 14912:2003, incorporating corrigendum August 2006. It supersedes BS ISO 14912:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was en
3、trusted to Technical Committee PTI/15, Natural gas and gas analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applica
4、tion.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 14912:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 March 2003 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67850 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicati
5、onAmd. No. Date Comments 17150Corrigendum No. 129 June 2007 Corrected Table C.1.31 July 2009 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 14912:2003 as BS EN ISO 14912:2006EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 14912August 2006ICS 71.040.40English VersionGas analysis - Conversion of gas mixture
6、composition data (ISO14912:2003)Analyse des gaz - Conversion des donnes de compositionde mlanges gazeux (ISO 14912:2003)Gasanalyse - Umrechnung vonZusammensetzungsangaben fr Gasgemische (ISO14912:2003)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the
7、 CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or t
8、o any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.C
9、EN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switz
10、erland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN I
11、SO 14912:2006: E2 Foreword The text of ISO 14912:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 158 “Analysis of gases” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14912:2006 by Technical Committee CEN/SS N21 “Gaseous fuels and combustible gas“
12、, the secretariat of which is held by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007. Acco
13、rding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithua
14、nia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14912:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14912:2006 without any modifications. BS EN ISO 14912:2006EN ISO 14912:2006 (E)i
15、iiContents Page 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions .1 3 Symbols and units 4 4 Basic principles.6 4.1 Expression of gas mixture composition.6 4.2 Conversion between different quantities8 4.3 Conversion between different state conditions.9 5 Main procedures10 5.1 Conversion between different quantities
16、of composition.10 5.2 Conversion to reference conditions13 6 Practical implementation13 6.1 Conversion between quantities of composition 13 6.2 Conversion of single analyte contents .14 6.3 Conversion of complete compositions.15 6.4 Conversion between state conditions 15 6.5 Simple approximations ap
17、plicable to conversion .15 7 Input quantities and their uncertainties16 7.1 Pure gas data.16 7.2 Gas mixture data .19 7.3 Rough uncertainty estimates.22 8 Conversion uncertainty 22 8.1 General considerations 22 8.2 Conversion of single analyte contents .23 8.3 Conversion of complete compositions.24
18、8.4 Uncertainty calculation using numerical differentiation.26 8.5 Variances and covariances of input composition data.27 9 Application recommendations.29 Annex A (normative) Assessment of state conditions .30 Annex B (normative) Summation relations for the expression of mixture properties 33 Annex
19、C (informative) Mixture component data 34 Annex D (informative) Examples.39 Annex E (informative) Computer implementation of recommended methods.54 Bibliography56 BS EN ISO 14912:2006Introductioniv EN ISO 14912:2006 (E)ivIntroduction The objective of gas analysis is to determine the composition of g
20、as mixtures. Gas mixture composition is expressed qualitatively in terms of specified mixture components of interest, called analytes, and the complementary gas. Gas mixture composition is expressed quantitatively by specifying the amount of every analyte in the mixture and the composition of the co
21、mplementary gas. For the purpose of specifying the amount of an analyte in a gas mixture, different quantities are in use. This diversity is due to the fact that in different applications different quantities have decisive advantages. Therefore procedures for conversion between different quantities
22、are required. In cases where these quantities involve the volumes of the analytes or the gas mixture or both, they depend on the state conditions, i.e. pressure and temperature, of the gas mixture. For each of these quantities, procedures for conversion between different state conditions are require
23、d. As a crude approximation, all of the conversions referred to above can be performed on the basis of the Ideal Gas Law. In most cases, however, an accurate conversion has to take into account the real gas volumetric behaviour of the analyte and of the gas mixture. In particular, many conversions r
24、equire values of the compression factor (or of the density) of the gas mixture. This International Standard provides formally exact conversion procedures, based on fundamental principles, which fully account for real gas behaviour of pure gases and gas mixtures. In addition to these, approximate pro
25、cedures for practical applications are described, designed for different levels of accuracy and available data. These approximations are necessary because measured gas mixture compression factors (or densities) are rarely available and therefore have to be estimated from component data. Uncertainty
26、estimates are given which result from combining approximations in the conversion procedures with the uncertainties of the input data. Where conversions require real-gas volumetric data of pure gases or gas mixtures, these are expressed by compression factors. As equivalents, density data could be co
27、nverted into compression factor data. BS EN ISO 14912:2006EN ISO 14912:2006 (E)INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:21941 O3002(E)1Gas analysis Conversion of gas mixture composition data 1 Scope This International Standard defines the following quantities commonly used to express the composition of gas mixture
28、s: mole fraction, mass fraction, volume fraction, and mole concentration, mass concentration, volume concentration. For these quantities of composition, this International Standard provides methods for conversion between different quantities, and conversion between different state conditions. Conver
29、sion between different quantities means calculating the numerical value of an analyte content in terms of one of the quantities listed above from the numerical value of the same analyte content, at the same pressure and temperature of the gas mixture, given in terms of another of these quantities. C
30、onversion between different state conditions means calculating the numerical value of an analyte content, in terms of one of the quantities listed above, under one set of state conditions from the numerical value of the same quantity under another set of state conditions, i.e. pressure and temperatu
31、re, of the gas mixture. Gas mixture composition can be converted simultaneously between different quantities of composition and different state conditions by combination of the two types of conversion. This International Standard is applicable only to homogeneous and stable gas mixtures. Therefore a
32、ny state conditions (pressure and temperature) considered need to be well outside the condensation region of the gas mixture and that of each of the specified analytes (see Annex A). 2 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE See also Re
33、ferences 1 and 2 in the Bibliography. 2.1 Quantities for the expression of gas mixture composition NOTE Further information concerning the terms defined in this subclause is given in 4.1. BS EN ISO 14912:2006EN ISO 14912:2006 (E)2 2.1.1 mole fraction amount-of-substance fraction x quotient of the am
34、ount of substance of a specified component and the sum of the amounts of substance of all components of a gas mixture NOTE The mole fraction is independent of the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. 2.1.2 mass fraction w quotient of the mass of a specified component and the sum of the m
35、asses of all components of a gas mixture NOTE The mass fraction is independent of the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. 2.1.3 volume fraction quotient of the volume of a specified component and the sum of the volumes of all components of a gas mixture before mixing, all volumes referr
36、ing to the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture NOTE The volume fraction is not independent of the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. Therefore the pressure and the temperature have to be specified. 2.1.4 mole concentration amount-of-substance concentration c quotient of the
37、 amount of substance of a specified component and the volume of a gas mixture NOTE The mole concentration is not independent of the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. Therefore the pressure and the temperature have to be specified. 2.1.5 mass concentration quotient of the mass of a spe
38、cified component and the volume of a gas mixture NOTE The mass concentration is not independent of the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. Therefore the pressure and the temperature have to be specified. 2.1.6 volume concentration quotient of the volume of a specified component before m
39、ixing and the volume of a gas mixture, both volumes referring to the same pressure and the same temperature NOTE 1 The volume concentration is not independent of the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. Therefore the pressure and the temperature have to be specified. NOTE 2 The volume fr
40、action (2.1.3) and volume concentration (2.1.6) take the same value if, at the same state conditions, the sum of the component volumes before mixing and the volume of the mixture are equal. However, because the mixing of two or more gases at the same state conditions is usually accompanied by a slig
41、ht contraction or, less frequently, a slight expansion, this is not generally the case. BS EN ISO 14912:2006EN ISO 14912:2006 (E)32.2 Additional quantities involved in conversions of gas mixture composition 2.2.1 compression factor Z quotient of the volume of an arbitrary amount of gas at specified
42、pressure and temperature and the volume of the same amount of gas, at the same state conditions, as calculated from the ideal gas law NOTE 1 This definition is applicable to pure gases and to gas mixtures, therefore the term “gas” is used as a general term which covers pure gases as well as gas mixt
43、ures. NOTE 2 By definition, the compression factor of an ideal gas is 1. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, for many gases the compression factor differs only moderately from 1. 2.2.2 mixing factor f quotient of the volume of an arbitrary amount of a gas mixture at specified pressure and
44、temperature and the sum of the volumes of all mixture components, before mixing, at the same state conditions NOTE If the component volumes are strictly additive, i.e. if the sum of the component volumes before mixing is the same as the volume after mixing, the mixing factor is 1. At room temperatur
45、e and atmospheric pressure, for many gas mixtures the mixing factor differs only slightly from 1. 2.2.3 density quotient of the mass of an arbitrary amount of gas and its volume at specified pressure and temperature NOTE This definition is applicable to pure gases and to gas mixtures, therefore the
46、term “gas” is used as a general term which covers pure gases as well as gas mixtures. 2.2.4 molar volume Vmol quotient of the volume of an arbitrary amount of gas at specified pressure and temperature and its amount of substance NOTE 1 This definition is applicable to pure gases and to gas mixtures,
47、 therefore the term “gas” is used as a general term which covers pure gases as well as gas mixtures. NOTE 2 The amount of substance of a mixture is given by the sum of the amounts of substance of the components. 2.2.5 virial coefficients coefficients in the expansion of the compression factor in ter
48、ms of powers of a quantity of state NOTE In practice, only two virial expansions are used, where the quantity of state is either the pressure, p, or the inverse molar volume, 1/Vmol, as follows. ()() ()mol2molmol,1 BT CTZV TVV=+ + + (1) () () ()2, 1 .ZpT BTp CTp=+ + + (2BS EN ISO 14912:2006EN ISO 14
49、912:2006 (E)4 2.2.5.1 second molar-volume virial coefficient B coefficient of 1/Vmolin the expansion of the compression factor in terms of inverse powers of the molar volume, Vmol2.2.5.2 third molar-volume virial coefficient C coefficient of 1/2molV in the expansion of the compression factor in terms of inverse powers of the molar volume, Vmol 2.2.5.3 second pressure virial coefficient B coefficient of p in the expansion of the compression factor in terms of powers of the pressure p 2.2.5.4 third pressure virial coefficient C coefficient of p2in
