1、BSI Standards PublicationNatural gas EnergydeterminationBS EN ISO 15112:2014BS EN ISO 15112:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 15112:2014. It is identical to ISO 15112:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 15112:2011, which is withdrawn.Gas supply met
2、ering in the UK is subject to The Gas (Calculation of Thermal Energy) Regulations, 1996 (as amended 1997). Although this Standard describes some energy determination techniques employed in the UK, it should be used for guidance only.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
3、Committee PTI/15, Natural Gas and Gas Analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Sta
4、ndards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 83402 8ICS 75.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Am
5、endments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 April 2014 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 15112:2011 as BS EN ISO 15112:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 15112 March 2014 ICS 75.060 English Version Natural gas - Energy determination (ISO 15112:2011) Gaz
6、 naturel - Dtermination de lnergie (ISO 15112:2011) Erdgas - Bestimmung von Energiemengen (ISO 15112:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
7、 Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (E
8、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgiu
9、m, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerl
10、and, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national M
11、embers. Ref. No. EN ISO 15112:2014 EThis page deliberately left blankBS ISO 15112:2011ISO 15112:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . v Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and units . 6 5 General principles . 6 6 Gas mea
12、surement . 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 Volume measurement . 9 6.3 Calorific value measurement . 9 6.4 Volume conversion . 10 6.5 Calibration 11 6.6 Data storage and transmission 11 7 Energy determination 12 7.1 Interfaces 12 7.2 Methods of energy determination 14 8 Strategy and procedures 16 8.1 General .
13、 16 8.2 Strategies for energy determination 18 8.3 Plausibility checks 22 9 Assignment methods 23 9.1 Fixed assignment 23 9.2 Variable assignment 25 9.3 Determination of the representative calorific value . 27 10 Calculation of energy quantities 28 10.1 General equations for energy 28 10.2 Calculati
14、on of averaged values Calculation from average calorific values and cumulative volumes 30 10.3 Volume and volume-to-mass conversions . 30 10.4 Energy determination on the basis of declared calorific values 30 11 Accuracy on calculated energy . 31 11.1 Accuracy 31 11.2 Calculation of uncertainty 31 1
15、1.3 Bias . 32 12 Quality control and quality assurance 33 12.1 General . 33 12.2 Check of the course of the measuring data 34 12.3 Traceability . 34 12.4 Substitute values . 34 Annex A (informative) Main instruments and energy-determination techniques 36 Annex B (informative) Different possible patt
16、erns in the change of the calorific value 41 Annex C (informative) Volume conversion and volume-to-mass conversion 44 Annex D (informative) Incremental energy determination 45 BS EN ISO 15112:2014ISO 15112:2011(E)BS ISO 15112:2011ISO 15112:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedAnnex E (informative)
17、 Practical examples for volume conversion and energy quantity calculation .47 Annex F (informative) Practical examples for averaging the calorific value due to different delivery situations .51 Annex G (informative) Ways of determining substitute values 56 Annex H (informative) Plausibility check gr
18、aphical example .58 Annex I (informative) Uncorrected data, bias correction and final result graphical example .59 Annex J (informative) Single-reservoir calorific value determination .61 Bibliography 62 BS EN ISO 15112:2014ISO 15112:2011(E)BS ISO 15112:2011ISO 15112:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights rese
19、rved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whi
20、ch a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all m
21、atters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir
22、culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respon
23、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15112 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193, Natural gas. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15112:2007), which has been technically revised. EN ISO 15112:2014 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 15112:2011 has
24、 been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193 “Natural gas” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15112:2014. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorseme
25、nt, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for ident
26、ifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugos
27、lav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15112:2011 has
28、 been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15112:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 15112:2014EN ISO 15112:2014 (E)BS ISO 15112:2011ISO 15112:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction Since the early 1800s, it has been general practice for manufactured gas and, subsequently, natural gas to be b
29、ought and sold on a volumetric basis. Much time and effort has therefore been devoted to developing the means of flow measurement. Because of the increasing value of energy and variations in gas quality, billing on the basis of thermal energy has now become essential between contracting partners and
30、 the need to determine calorific value by measurement or calculation has led to a number of techniques. However, the manner in which calorific value data are applied to flow volume data to produce the energy content of a given volume of natural gas has been far from a standardized procedure. Energy
31、determination is frequently a necessary factor wherever and whenever natural gas is metered, from production and processing operations through to end-user consumption. This International Standard has been developed to cover aspects related to production/transmission and distribution/end user. It pro
32、vides guidance to users of how energy units for billing purposes are derived, based on either measurement or calculation or both, to increase confidence in results for contracting partners. Other standards relating to natural gas, flow measurement, calorific value measurement, calculation procedures
33、 and data handling with regard to gas production, transmission and distribution involving purchase, sales or commodity transfer of natural gas can be relevant to this International Standard. This International Standard contains ten informative annexes. BS EN ISO 15112:2014ISO 15112:2011(E)BS ISO 151
34、12:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15112:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Natural gas Energy determination 1 Scope This International Standard provides the means for energy determination of natural gas by measurement or by calculation, and describes the related techniques and measures that are n
35、ecessary to take. The calculation of thermal energy is based on the separate measurement of the quantity, either by mass or by volume, of gas transferred and its measured or calculated calorific value. The general means of calculating uncertainties are also given. Only systems currently in use are d
36、escribed. NOTE Use of such systems in commercial or official trade can require the approval of national authorization agencies, and compliance with legal regulations is required. This International Standard applies to any gas-measuring station from domestic to very large high-pressure transmission.
37、New techniques are not excluded, provided their proven performance is equivalent to, or better than, that of those techniques referred to in this International Standard. Gas-measuring systems are not the subject of this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced document
38、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6976, Natural gas Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density a
39、nd Wobbe index from composition 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 accuracy of measurement closeness of the agreement between a measurement result and a true value of the measurand ISO 14532:2001 3.2 adjustment of a measuring ins
40、trument operation of bringing a measuring instrument into a state of performance suitable for its use NOTE Adjustment may be automatic, semi-automatic or manual. BS EN ISO 15112:2014ISO 15112:2011(E)BS ISO 15112:2011ISO 15112:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3.3 assignment method energy determi
41、nation method to derive a calorific value to be applied to the gas passing specified interfaces having only volume measurements 3.4 availability probability, at any time, that the measuring system, or a measuring instrument forming part of the measuring system, is functioning according to specificat
42、ions EN 1776:1998 3.5 bias systematic difference between the true energy and the actual energy determined of the gas passing a gas-measuring station 3.6 calibration set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring in
43、strument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values obtained using working standards ISO 14532:2001, 2.5.2.2 3.7 superior calorific value energy released as heat by the complete combustion in air of a specified quantity of g
44、as, in such a way that the pressure, p1, at which the reaction takes place remains constant, and all the products of combustion are returned to the same specified temperature, T1, as that of the reactants, all of these products being in the gaseous state except for water formed by combustion, which
45、is condensed to the liquid state at T1ISO 14532:2001, 2.6.4.1 3.8 inferior calorific value energy released as heat by the complete combustion in air of a specified quantity of gas, in such a way that the pressure, p1, at which the reaction takes place remains constant, and all the products of combus
46、tion are returned to the same specified temperature, T1, as that of the reactants, all of these products being in the gaseous state ISO 14532:2001, 2.6.4.2 3.9 calorific value station installation comprising the equipment necessary for the determination of the calorific value of the natural gas in t
47、he pipeline 3.10 adjusted calorific value calorific value measured at a measuring station compensated for the time taken for the gas to travel to the respective volume-measuring station 3.11 corrected calorific value result of correcting a measurement to compensate for systematic error BS EN ISO 151
48、12:2014ISO 15112:2011(E)BS ISO 15112:2011ISO 15112:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 33.12 declared calorific value calorific value that is notified in advance of its application to interfaces for the purpose of energy determination 3.13 representative calorific value calorific value which is acc
49、epted to sufficiently approximate the actual calorific value at an interface 3.14 charging area set of interfaces where the same method of energy determination is used 3.15 conversion determination of the volume under reference conditions from the volume under operating conditions 3.16 correction value added algebraically to the uncorrected result of a measurement to compensate for systematic error NOTE 1 The correction is equal to the negative of the estimated systematic error. NOTE 2 Since the systematic error cannot be known per
