1、BS EN ISO23279:2010ICS 25.160.40NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDNon-destructivetesting of welds Ultrasonic testing Characterization ofindications in welds(ISO 23279:2010)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy
2、 and StrategyCommittee on 31 March2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 57190 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 23279:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 23279:2010.It supersedes BS EN 1713:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participati
3、on in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for
4、 its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 23279 March 2010 ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 1713:1998English Version Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Characteriza
5、tion of indications in welds (ISO 23279:2010) Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds - Contrle par ultrasons - Caractrisation des indications dans les assemblages souds (ISO 23279:2010) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen - Ultraschallprfung - Charakterisierung von Anzeigen in Schwei
6、nhten (ISO 23279:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 February 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists
7、 and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the respo
8、nsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
9、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Cen
10、tre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 23279:2010: EBS EN ISO 23279:2010EN ISO 23279:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 23279:2010) has been prepared by Technical Comm
11、ittee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the lates
12、t by September 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
13、l such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1713:1998. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the
14、 national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
15、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Principle1 4 Criteria 2 4.1 General .2 4.2 Echo amplitude
16、 criteria (stages 1 and 2) 3 4.3 Directional reflectivity criteria (stage 3)3 4.4 Echostatic pattern criteria (stage 4) 4 4.5 Transverse echodynamic pattern criteria (stage 5) .4 4.6 Complementary examination .4 Annex A (normative) Classification of internal indications in welds Flowchart procedure.
17、5 Annex B (informative) Directional reflectivity 8 Annex C (informative) Basic echodynamic patterns of reflectors.9 Bibliography14 BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of natio
18、nal standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internati
19、onal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rul
20、es given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at
21、least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23279 was prepared by the European Committee for
22、Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee TC 121, Welding, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). This sec
23、ond edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23279:2007), which has been technically revised. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of
24、these bodies can be found at www.iso.org. BS EN ISO 23279:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23279:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Characterization of indications in welds 1 Scope This International Standard specifies how to characterize embedded
25、 indications by classifying them as planar or non-planar. This procedure is also suitable for indications that break the surface after removal of the weld reinforcement. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refere
26、nces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 17640, Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Techniques, testing levels, and assessment 3 Principle Classification of indications as plana
27、r or non-planar is based on several parameters: a) welding techniques; b) geometrical position of the indication; c) maximum echo amplitude; d) directional reflectivity; e) echostatic pattern (i.e. A-scan); f) echodynamic pattern. The process of classification involves examining each of the paramete
28、rs against all the others in order to arrive at an accurate conclusion. For guidance, Figure A.1 gives the classification of internal weld indications suitable for general applications. Figure A.1 should be applied in conjunction with the two first parameters listed above and not taken in isolation.
29、 The classification procedure specified in this International Standard is also suitable for indications that are surface breaking after removal of the weld reinforcement (see Figure 1). BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres Key A ground weld Fi
30、gure 1 Location of indications in a weld 4 Criteria 4.1 General The classification is carried out by the successive application of several discriminatory criteria to: a) echo amplitude; b) directional reflectivity; c) echostatic pattern (A-scan); d) echodynamic pattern. These criteria are applied us
31、ing a flowchart procedure (see Annex A). It is recommended that the same probes be used for detection of indications and for classification. The flowchart procedure standardizes a system of classification. Several thresholds are defined in decibels by a comparison with the distance amplitude curve (
32、DAC) or by a comparison between the maximum echo heights from the discontinuity when tested from different directions. Proposed thresholds for the different stages in the flowchart procedure are given in Table A.1. The flowchart procedure calls for five stages: a) stage 1: to avoid the classificatio
33、n of indications with very low echo amplitudes; b) stage 2: to classify all indications with high echo amplitude as planar; c) stage 3: primarily to classify lack of fusion; d) stage 4: primarily to classify inclusions; e) stage 5: primarily to classify cracks. NOTE Indications resulting from a comb
34、ination of an inclusion and lack of fusion are classified as planar by the flowchart procedure. An example of this type of flaw is given in Figure A.2. BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 34.2 Echo amplitude criteria (stages 1 and 2) 4.2.1 Low amplitudes (stage 1) It i
35、s accepted that an indication with an echo amplitude lower than the evaluation level as specified in ISO 116661(defined as T1in Figure A.1) is not significant and shall not be characterized. For special applications, this value T1may be lowered, if defined by specification. 4.2.2 High amplitudes (st
36、age 2) It is assumed that an indication with an echo amplitude that is at least equal to the reference level plus 6 dB (defined as T2in Figure A.1) is a planar indication. 4.3 Directional reflectivity criteria (stage 3) 4.3.1 Applicability based on length Stage 3 of the flowchart procedure shall be
37、applied only to those indications exceeding: a) t for the range of thicknesses 8 mm u t u 15 mm; b) t/2 or 15 mm, whichever is the larger, for thicknesses over 15 mm. For indications not exceeding the specified length proceed to stage 4. 4.3.2 Application conditions The following application conditi
38、ons apply: a) echoes compared shall be obtained from the same reflector; b) the comparison shall be made at the position where echo height, Hd, max, is the highest along the indication; c) when a straight beam probe and an angle beam probe are used, their frequencies shall be chosen to give similar
39、wavelengths (e.g. 4 MHz for longitudinal waves and 2 MHz for shear waves); d) when two or more probe angles are used, the differences between the nominal refraction angles shall be equal to or greater than 10; e) if the comparison is made between a beam passing through the weld and a beam passing th
40、rough the base material only, the attenuation of the weld shall be taken into account. 4.3.3 Criteria The highest echo amplitude, Hd, max, obtained from the indication is compared to the minimum echo amplitude, Hd, min, obtained from all the other directions. To satisfy the directional reflectivity,
41、 the following conditions shall be fulfilled simultaneously: a) Hd, maxis greater than or equal to T3(the reference level minus 6 dB); b) the modulus of the difference in indication echo amplitudes, |Hd, max Hd, min|, from two different directions is at least: BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) 4
42、 ISO 2010 All rights reserved1) 9 dB using shear wave angle beam probes only, or 2) 15 dB using one shear wave angle beam probe and one longitudinal wave normal beam probe. The directional reflectivities depend on refraction angle and examination conditions (half skip, full skip). Examples of differ
43、ent directions of examination are given in Figure B.1. An example of the application of these criteria is given in Figure B.2. 4.4 Echostatic pattern criteria (stage 4) At this stage, the echostatic pattern (i.e. A-scan) of the indication is compared with that obtained from the reference reflector (
44、3 mm diameter side drilled hole). If the echostatic pattern is single and smooth, the indication is classified as non-planar. If the echostatic pattern is not both single and smooth, proceed to stage 5. This criteria shall be fulfilled for at least two directions of examination. 4.5 Transverse echod
45、ynamic pattern criteria (stage 5) The transverse echodynamic pattern of an indication is the envelope of the resulting echoes when the ultrasonic probe is moved perpendicular to the indication, in accordance with ISO 17640. The analysis takes into account not only the envelope, but also the behaviou
46、r of the echoes inside it. Classification of indications depends on the patterns observed: a) pattern 1: single non-planar; b) pattern 2: excluded by previous stage; c) pattern 3 and pattern 4: planar, if observed for the two highest reflectivity directions if only observed for one reflectivity dire
47、ction, use complementary examination (see 4.6); d) pattern 5: cluster of non-planar. The patterns used for classification are given in Annex C. This criteria shall be fulfilled for at least two directions of examination. 4.6 Complementary examination In case of doubt, carry out additional examinatio
48、ns, for example: a) use of additional reflectivity directions or probes; b) analysis of echodynamic pattern when the probe is moved parallel to the indication see Figures C.1 c), C.2 c), C.3 c), C.4 c), C.5 c). c) results from other non-destructive testing (e.g. radiography). This list is not restri
49、ctive. BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 5Annex A (normative) Classification of internal indications in welds Flowchart procedure The flowchart procedure is defined in Figure A.1. BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) 6 ISO 2010 All rights reservedKey Hdindication echo amplitude Hd, maxmaximum echo amplitude Hd, minminimum echo amplitude L length Lspecspecified length T1, T2, T3, T4see Table A.1 Figure A.1 Flowchart procedure BS EN ISO 23279:2010ISO 23279:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rig
