1、BS EN ISO25619-1:2008ICS 59.080.70NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDGeosynthetics-Determinationof compressionbehaviour-Part 1: Compressive creep propertiesThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyComm
2、ittee on 31 July2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 57757 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 25619-1:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 25619-1:2008. It isidentical to ISO 25619-1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1897:2001 which iswithd
3、rawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/553, Geotextiles and geomembranes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract
4、. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 25619-1December 2008ICS 59.080.70 Supersedes EN 1897:2001 English VersionGeosynthetics - Determination of compress
5、ion behaviour - Part1: Compressive creep properties (ISO 25619-1:2008)Gosynthtiques - Dtermination du comportement encompression - Partie 1: Proprits de fluage encompression (ISO 25619-1:2008)Geokunststoffe - Bestimmung des Druckverhaltens - Teil 1:Eigenschaften des Druckkriechens (ISO 25619-1:2008)
6、This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical refe
7、rences concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member in
8、to its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
9、Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2008 C
10、EN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 25619-1:2008: EBS EN ISO 25619-1INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25619-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Geosynthetics Determination of compression behaviour Part 1: Compressive cree
11、p properties 1 Scope This part of ISO 25619 specifies index test methods for determining the compressive creep properties of geosynthetic products. The test specimens are subjected either to normal compressive loading or to a combination of normal compressive loading and shear loading. The test meth
12、od with a normal load only (see Clause 5) is the standard method. The test method in which both normal and shear loads are applied (see Clause 6) is intended for products that are sensitive to shear failure, i.e. which have a columnar or cuspated structure. The tests are carried out on dry specimens
13、 or on specimens immersed in water. The test is intended to be carried out with the specimen immersed in water when any part of the geosynthetic product contains a hydrophilic polymer. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. F
14、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and
15、test methods ISO 9862, Geosynthetics Sampling and preparation of test specimens ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics Determination of thickness at specified pressures Part 1: Single layers ISO 10318, Geosynthetics Terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and de
16、finitions given in ISO 10318 and the following apply. 3.1 thickness d distance between the two rigid plates in contact with the specimen at any stage of the test See Figures 1 and 2. NOTE Thickness is measured in millimetres. BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.2 ini
17、tial thickness dithickness of the specimen under an applied normal stress of 2 kPa NOTE Initial thickness is measured in millimetres, in accordance with ISO 9863-1. 3.3 initial compressed thickness d0thickness measured 1 min after loading (normal loading) or 4 min after loading (normal and shear loa
18、ding) 3.4 total compressive strain time-dependent change in thickness NOTE Total compressive strain is expressed as a percentage of the initial thickness (di). 3.5 compressive creep strain cctime-dependant change in thickness of a material subjected to a constant compressive load (after reaching the
19、 initial compressed thickness, d0, of the specimen) NOTE Compressive creep strain is expressed as a percentage of the initial compressed thickness. 3.6 compressive creep collapse occurrence of a sudden increase in the speed of change of thickness of a specimen subjected to a constant compressive loa
20、d 4 Test specimens 4.1 Sampling Specimens shall be taken in accordance with ISO 9862. 4.2 Number and dimensions of test specimens Cut two specimens from the test sample for each test load; a new specimen is required for each test. Each specimen shall satisfy the following criteria with regard to dim
21、ensions: the specimen shall be square and have a minimum size of 100 mm 100 mm (see Figures 1 and 2); if the specimen has a structure in which loading is resisted at defined points or areas, then the loading plate shall cover at least three complete points or areas in both directions (see Figure 3);
22、 specimens shall be cut with the sides parallel to the length and width of the sample. BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3a) Plan area a100 mm minimum, or at least three contact points in each direction. b) Cross-sectional area Key d thickness of the specimen, in mill
23、imetres Figure 1 Dimensions of general test specimen BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserveda) Plan area a100 mm minimum, or a minimum of three contact lines on the top plate and a minimum of four contact lines on the base plate. b) Cross-sectional area Key 1 specimen wid
24、th 2 representative width of the specimen d thickness of specimen, in millimetres Figure 2 Size of specimen of a geomat (with wave structure or double-sided structured core of a drainage composite) BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5a) Example for single-sided structu
25、red cores b) Example for double-sided structured cores Key 1 metal top plate, smooth surface (same size as specimen or larger) 2 metal base plate, smooth surface (larger than top plate) d thickness of specimen, in millimetres FNapplied normal force, in kilonewtons Figure 3 Loading arrangements for s
26、tructured cores 4.3 Conditioning The test specimens shall be conditioned and tested in the standard atmosphere for testing at (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554. The specimens can be considered to have been conditioned when the change in mass in successive weighings made
27、at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0,25 % of the mass of the test specimen. Conditioning and/or testing in the standard atmosphere may only be omitted when it can be shown that results obtained for the same specific type of product (both structure and polymer type) are not affected by
28、 changes in temperature and humidity exceeding the limits. This information shall be included in the test report. The test shall be carried out with the specimen immersed in water when any part of the geosynthetic product contains a hydrophilic polymer. Where the test is to be carried out with the s
29、pecimen immersed in water, the specimen shall be soaked in water for 24 h prior to the test. Deionized water in accordance with ISO 3696 shall be used. The water shall be maintained at a temperature of (20 2) C. BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) 6 ISO 2008 All rights reserved5 Normal compressive
30、load method 5.1 Principle The geosynthetic specimen is placed on the fixed base of the compression testing equipment. With an upper loading plate, the vertical compressive load is applied and the change in thickness is recorded with time. The vertical compressive load is applied to the specimen for
31、a period of 1 000 h, or for a longer or shorter period by agreement. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 Compression testing equipment. Compression testing equipment with a vertical travel greater than the initial thickness of the specimen shall be used. It shall be capable of sustaining the applied stress to withi
32、n 1 % accuracy for the duration of the test. The compressive stress may be applied mechanically, pneumatically or hydraulically. Where hydraulic or pneumatic loading systems are used, the stress applied shall be constant for the duration of the test. The loading device, however, shall be capable of
33、applying the full stress in one controlled step, i.e. without significant impact, within a period of 60 s. Most systems use dead weights to apply the stress. In systems using dead weights, the loading system shall be fully supported while being assembled so that no forces are applied to the specimen
34、 until the support is smoothly released see Figure 4 a). BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 7a) Normal load test Key 1 measuring device 2 weights on hanger FNapplied normal force, in kilonewtons aLoad supported prior to starting. Figure 4 (continued) BS EN ISO 25619-1I
35、SO 25619-1:2008(E) 8 ISO 2008 All rights reservedb) Normal load test under water Key 1 measuring device(s), minimum of three if a single unit placed centrally is not used 2 metal top loading plate, smooth surface (same size as specimen or larger) 3 metal base plate, smooth surface (larger than top p
36、late), with specimen container for water bath (if required) 4 water (if required) 5 specimen d thickness of the specimen, in millimetres FNapplied normal force, in kilonewtons Figure 4 Examples of typical arrangements for normal load tests The compression testing apparatus shall include a fixed base
37、 plate and a parallel moveable top plate, both with a flat and smooth metal surface. The dimensions of the top plate shall be at least equal to those of the specimen and its thickness shall be such that it will result in a normal stress of not greater than 2 kPa being applied to the specimen (see Fi
38、gure 3). 5.2.2 Specimen container. If the test is carried out with the specimen immersed in water, a container to keep the specimen immersed and at a constant temperature shall be used. The water level in the container shall cover the specimen but the height of water above the specimen shall not exc
39、eed 25 mm. 5.2.3 Thickness measurement device. A means of measuring the mean thickness of the specimen to an accuracy of 0,02 mm shall be used. Unless measurements are taken at the centre of the specimen, measurements shall be taken at a minimum of three equally spaced points. If three or more measu
40、rement points are used, the thickness is the mean of the values recorded. 5.2.4 Timer. Time shall be recorded throughout the test period. BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 95.3 Procedure Measure the initial thickness of the specimen in accordance with ISO 9863-1, usin
41、g a normal stress of 2 kPa. After measuring the initial thickness, install the same specimen in the compression testing equipment. Ensure that the specimen is placed symmetrically on the base plate and covered with the top plate. Apply the load needed to give the required normal compressive stress i
42、n less than 60 s. The normal stresses to be applied shall include at least four of the following: 20 kPa, 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa and 500 kPa, to an accuracy of 2 %. A new specimen is to be used for each test; two specimens shall be tested at each of the specified stresses. Record the thickness of
43、the specimen at the following times after the application of the test stress: 1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min; 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h; 2 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 42 d. The test may be terminated when the recorded thickness of the specimen is less than 10 % of the initial thickness. Repeat t
44、he test on the other specimens. Carry out calculations as indicated in 5.4. 5.4 Calculations Applied normal stress is calculated using Equation (1): = FN/A (1) where is the applied normal stress, in kilopascals; FN is the applied normal force, in kilonewtons; A is the area of specimen, in square met
45、res. NOTE For wave-type structures see Figure 2 b), the representative width is used to calculate the area of the specimen. The area of a cuspated or columnar sample shall be calculated by counting the number of contact points in a 1,0 m width and length to determine the number of contact points in
46、1,0 m2. The area of specimen (A) is then calculated using Equation (2): suNAN= (2) where Ns is the number of contact points in the specimen; Nu is the number of contact points per square metre. BS EN ISO 25619-1ISO 25619-1:2008(E) 10 ISO 2008 All rights reservedCompressive creep strain, in percent,
47、is calculated using Equation (3): cc= 100 (d0 dx)/d0(3) where cc is the compressive creep strain, in percent; d0 is the initial compressed thickness, in millimetres; dx is the thickness under load, in millimetres, at time x. Total compressive strain is calculated at each time interval using Equation
48、 (4): = 100 (di dx)/di(4) where is the total compressive strain, in percent; dxis the thickness under load, in millimetres, at time x; di is the initial thickness, in millimetres, at 2 kPa. 5.5 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) dated reference to this part of IS
49、O 25619, i.e. ISO 25619-1:2008; b) identification of the sample according to ISO 10318, date of receipt and date of testing; c) conditioning atmosphere; d) whether the test was carried out dry or with the specimen immersed in water; e) size of the specimen and the initial thickness (di) of the specimen at 2 kPa; f) the initial compressed thickness (d0), in millimetres, under a load of x kPa; g) the stress levels used in the test; h) the mean thickne
