1、 STD-ETSI ETS 300 7LB-ENGL 1797 m 3400855 OLbB072 bbl m EUROPEAN c 1 ELECOMMUNICATION STANDARD ETS 300 718 March 1997 Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DE/RES-08-0501 ICs: 33.020 Key words: Radio, safety, SAR, testing Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Avalanche Beacons; Transmitter-receiver systems ET
2、SI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariatetsi.fr Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0
3、 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved. STD-ETSI ETS 300 7L8-E
4、NGL Page 2 ETS 300 718: March 1997 1997 3900855 OLb8073 5T8 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or othennrise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to “ETSI Editing and Committee Suppo
5、rt Dept.“ at the address shown on the title page. STD-ETSI ETS 300 7LB-ENGL 1777 = 3Li00855 02bB074 i34 Page 3 ETS 300 718: March 1997 Contents Foreword . 7 Introduction 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Scope 9 Normative references 9 Definitions. abbreviations and symbols . 9 3.1 Definitions 9 3.2 Abbreviations . 10
6、 3.3 Symbols . 10 General 10 4.1 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing 10 Mechanical and electrical design . 10 4.2.1 General 10 4.2.2 Controls and indicators 11 4.2.3 Switching over from transmit to receive 11 4.2.4 Battery type . 11 4.2.5 Operating time . 11 4.2.6 Battery check . 11 4.2.7 Carr
7、ying system . 11 Frequencies and power . 11 4.2.9 Operating instructions . 12 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12 4.2.8 4.2.1 O Equipment identification and short form operating instruction 12 4.3 Test conditions. power sources and ambient temperatures . 12 5.1 Normal and extreme test con
8、ditions 12 5.2 External test power source 13 5.3 Normal test conditions . 13 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13 5.3.2 Normal test voltage . 13 Extreme test conditions . 13 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 13 5.4.2 Extreme test voltages 13 5.4.3 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 13 5.
9、4.3.1 5.4 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation 14 General conditions 14 6.1 Normal test signals 14 6.2 Test fixture . 14 6.3 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements 14 6.4 Measuring receiver 14 Environmental tests . 15 7.1 Procedure 15 7.2 Drop test on ha
10、rd surface 15 7.2.1 Definition . 15 7.2.2 Method of measurement . 15 7.3 Temperature tests 15 7.3.1 General 15 7.3.2 Dry heat cycle 15 7.3.3 Low temperature cycle 16 STDmETSI ETS 300 718-ENGL 1997 3Li00855 OLb8075 370 Page 4 ETS 300 71 8: March 1997 7.4 Immersion test . 16 7.4.1 Method of measuremen
11、t i 16 7.4.2 Requirements . 16 7.5 Solar radiation . 16 7.5.1 Method of measurement . 16 7.5.2 Requirements . 16 7.6 Tensile test 16 7.6.1 Method of measurement . 16 7.6.2 Requirements . 16 8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters 17 Modulation and carrier keying . 17 8.2 Frequ
12、ency error . 17 8.2.1 Definition . 17 8.2.2 Method of measurement . 17 8.2.3 Limits 17 Output field strength (H-field) 18 8.3.1 Definition . 18 8.3.2 Method of measurement . 18 8.3.3 Limits 18 8.4 Spurious emissions . 18 8.4.1 Definition . 18 8.4.2 H-field strength . 18 8.4.2.1 Method of measurement
13、 ( 3 dB in the received signal over the whole receiving range down to a distance of 1 m. In the receive mode, there shall be means to modify the received signal manually. 1 O Measurement uncertainty The accumulated measurement uncertainties of the test system in use for the parameters to be measured
14、 should not exceed those given in table 8. This is in order to ensure that the measurements remain within an acceptable uncertainty. Table 8 STD-ETSI ETS 300 718-ENGL 1797 3400855 OLb8073 37b Page 22 ETS 300 718: March 1997 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements A.l Test sites and general arrang
15、ements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields A.l.l Outdoor test site The outdoor test site shall be on a reasonably level surface or ground. For measurements at frequencies below 30 MHz a non-conducting ground plane shall be used. For measurements at frequencies 30 MHz and above, a c
16、onducting ground plane of at least 5 m diameter shall be provided at one point on the site. In the middle of this ground plane, a non-conducting support, capable of rotation through 360 in the horizontal plane, shall be used to support the test sample in its standard position (subclause A.1.1.2), at
17、 1 m above the ground plane, with the exception of equipment with floor standing antenna. For this equipment, the antenna shall be raised, on a non-conducting support, 100 mm above the turntable, the point(s) of contact being consistent with normal use. The test site shall be large enough to allow t
18、he erection of a measuring or transmitting antenna at a distance of 10 m. The distance actually used shall be recorded with the results of the tests carried out on the site. Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that reflections from extraneous objects adjacent to the site do not degrade t
19、he measurements results. A.l.l.l Test support for body worn equipment For equipment intended to be worn close the body, but excluding hand-held equipment, the non- conducting support shall be replaced with the simulated man. The simulated man shall consist of a plastic tube, filled with salt water (
20、9 g NaCI per litre). The tube shall have a length of 1 m and an internal diameter of 10 cm * 0,5 cm. The upper end of the tube is closed by a metal plate with a diameter of 15 cm, which is in contact with the water. To meet the requirements made on equipment with rigid outside antenna, this antenna
21、has to be in a vertical position during the measurement and the metal plate shall, if necessary, be prepared in such a way that a second hinged metal plate of 10 cm x 15 cm can be fastened to its narrow side. It shall be possible to change the supporting point of the hinged metal plate as far as the
22、 centre. The position of the hinged metal plate shall be adjusted within Oo to 90 with respect to the lower metal plate. The sample shall be fastened in such a way that: - the centre of its largest area rests on the revolving metal plate; and - this centre, on its part, is located above the centre o
23、f the lower metal plate by changing the supporting point of the revolving plate. In the case of a sample, whose largest area is smaller than 10 cm x 15 cm, the centre of the sample shall (deviating from point 1) above) be so changed in its longitudinal axis so that the antenna base is at the edge ou
24、tside the metal plate. STD-ETSI ETS 300 728-ENGL 1777 3400855 ULb807Li 222 Page 23 ETS 300 718: March 1997 A.1.1.2 Standard position The standard position in all test sites, except for equipment which is intended to be worn on a person, shall be as follows: - for equipment with an integral antenna,
25、it shall be placed in the position closest to normal use as declared by the manufacturer; - for equipment with a rigid external antenna, the antenna shall be vertical; - for equipment with non-rigid external antenna, the antenna shall be extended vertically upwards by a non-conducting support. A.1.2
26、 Test antenna A.1.2.1 Below 30 MHz A calibrated loop antenna shall be used to detect the field strength from the test sample. The antenna shall be supported in the vertical plane and be rotated about a vertical axis. The lowest point of the loop shall be 1 m above ground level. A.1.2.2 Above 30 MHz
27、The test antenna is used to detect the radiation from both the test sample and the substitution antenna, when the site is used for radiation measurements. Where necessary, it is used as a transmitting antenna, when the site is used for the measurement of receiver characteristics. This antenna is mou
28、nted on a support such as to allow the antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarization and for the height of its centre above ground to be varied over the range 1 m to 4 m. Preferably a test antenna with pronounced directivity should be used. The size of the test antenna along the m
29、easurement axis shall not exceed 20 % of the measuring distance. For receiver and transmitter radiation measurements, the test antenna is connected to a measuring receiver, capable of being tuned to any frequency under investigation and of measuring accurately the relative levels of signals at its i
30、nput. A.1.3 Substitution antenna When measuring in the frequency range up to 1 GHz the substitution antenna shall be a W2 dipole, resonant at the operating frequency, or a shortened dipole, calibrated to the W2 dipole. The centre of this antenna shall coincide with the reference point of the test sa
31、mple it has replaced. This reference point shall be the volume centre of the sample when its antenna is mounted inside the cabinet, or the point where an external antenna is connected to the cabinet. The distance between the lower extremity of the dipole and the ground shall not be less than 0,3 m.
32、The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated signal generator when the site is used for spurious radiation measurements and transmitter effective radiated power measurements. The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated measuring receiver when the site is used for the m
33、easurement of receiver sensitivity. The signal generator and the receiver shall operate at the frequencies under investigation and shall be connected to the antenna through suitable matching and balancing networks. STD-ETSI ETS 300 718-ENGL 1997 3400855 01b8075 Lb7 M Page 24 ETS 300 718: March 1997
34、9 Absorbing material 2 1,35 m I I Reference point of test sample Corner reflector ,-+Gr Test antenna Feeder to test , +pJ+ -+ SI1 Figure A.l: Indoor site arrangement (shown for horizontal polarization) A.1.4 Optional additional indoor site When the frequency of the signals being measured is greater
35、than 80 MHz, use may be made of an indoor test site. If this alternative site is used, this shall be recorded in the test report. The measurement site may be a laboratory room with a minimum area of 6 m by 7 m and at least 2,7 m in height. Apart from the measuring apparatus and the operator, the roo
36、m shall be as free as possible from reflecting objects other than the walls, floor and ceiling. The potential reflections from the wall behind the equipment under test are reduced by placing a barrier of absorbent material in front of it. The corner reflector around the test antenna is used to reduc
37、e the effect of reflections from the opposite wall and from the floor and ceiling, in the case of horizontally polarized measurements. Similarly, the corner reflector reduces the effects of reflections from the side walls for vertically polarized measurements. For the lower part of the frequency ran
38、ge (below approximately 175 MHz), no corner reflector or absorbent barrier is needed. For practical reasons, the U2 antenna in figure A.l may be replaced by an antenna of constant length, provided that this length is between U4 and h at the frequency of measurement, and the sensitivity of the measur
39、ing system is sufficient. In the same way, the distance of U2 to the apex may be varied. The test antenna, measuring receiver, substitution antenna and calibrated signal generator are used in a way similar to that of the general method. To ensure that errors are not caused by the propagation path ap
40、proaching the point at which phase cancellation between the direct and the remaining reflected signals occurs, the substitution antenna shall be moved through a distance of 0,l m in the direction of the test antenna as well as in the two directions perpendicular to this first direction. If these cha
41、nges of distance cause a signal change of greater than 2 dB, the test sample should be re-sited until a change of less than 2 dB is obtained. Page 25 ETS 300 718: March 1997 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites For measurements involving the use of radiated fields, use may be made of a te
42、st site in conformity with the requirements of clause A.l. When using such a test site, the following conditions should be observed to ensure consistency of measuring results. A.2.1 Measuring distance Evidence indicates that the measuring distance is not critical and does not significantly affect th
43、e measuring results, provided that the distance is not less than Al2 at the frequency of measurement, and that the precautions described in this annex are observed. Measuring distances of 3 m, 5 m, 10 m and 30 m are in common use in European test laboratories. A.2.2 Test antenna Different types of t
44、est antenna may be used, since performing substitution measurements reduces the effect of the errors on the measuring results. Height variation of the test antenna over a range of 1 m to 4 m is essential in order to find the point at which the radiation is maximum. Height variation of the test anten
45、na may not be necessary at the lower frequencies below approximately 100 MHz. A.2.3 Substitution antenna Variations in the measuring results may occur with the use of different types of substitution antenna at the lower frequencies below approximately 80 MHz. Where a shortened dipole antenna is used
46、 at these frequencies, details of the type of antenna used should be included with the results of the tests carried out on the test site. Correction factors shall be taken into account when shortened dipole antennas are used. A.2.4 Artificial antenna The dimensions of the artificial antenna used dur
47、ing radiated measurements should be small in relation to the sample under test. Where possible, a direct connection should be used between the artificial antenna and the test sample. In cases where it is necessary to use a connecting cable, precautions should be taken to reduce the radiation from th
48、is cable by, for example, the use of ferrite cores or double screened cables. A.2.5 Auxiliary cables The position of auxiliary cables (power supply and microphone cables etc.) which are not adequately de-coupled, may cause variations in the measurement results. In order to get reproducible results,
49、cables and wires of auxiliaries should be arranged vertically downwards (through a hole in the non conducting support). A.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber For radiation measurements, when test frequency of the signals being measured is greater than 30 MHz, use may be made of an indoor test site being a well-shielded anechoic chamber simulating a free space environment. If such a chamber is used, this shall be recorded in the test report. The test antenna, measuring receiver, substitution antenna and calibrated signal generat
