1、 ETSI GS NFV-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04) Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Assurance; Report on Active Monitoring and Failure Detection Disclaimer The present document has been produced and approved by the Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) and represen
2、ts the views of those members who participated in this ISG. It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership. GROUP SPECIFICATION ETSI ETSI GS NFV-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04)2 Reference DGS/NFV-REL004 Keywords assurance, NFV, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia A
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8、oing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the b
9、enefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI GS NFV-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs terminology 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1
10、 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 8g33.1 Definitions 8g33.2 Abbreviations . 9g34 Active Monitoring in traditional networks . 9g35 Impact of NFV on active monitoring . 10g36 Proposed Active Monitoring Framework for NFV 12g36.0 Introduction 12g3
11、6.1 Roles and responsibilities for a virtual test agent . 12g36.2 Roles and responsibilities for a Test Controller . 13g36.3 Roles and Responsibilities for Test Results Analysis Module . 14g36.4 Workflow Definition 14g37 Alternate Active Monitoring Architecture Considerations 16g37.0 Introduction 16
12、g37.1 Alternate workflow definition 17g38 Fault Notification Quality Indicators . 17g38.1 Purpose . 17g38.2 Canonical Failure Notification Model 17g38.3 Quantitative Failure Notification Indicators . 19g38.4 Failure Notification Quality Indicators in NFV 19g39 Methods of Measurement . 20g39.1 Introd
13、uction 20g39.2 Service Activation 20g39.3 Fault Isolation and Troubleshooting . 22g39.4 Failure detection . 24g39.5 Framework for End to End in Situ Monitoring 25g39.6 Capacity Planning. 27g39.6.0 Introduction. 27g39.6.1 Capacity validation . 27g39.6.2 Capacity planning forecast 29g39.6.3 Optimize s
14、ervice endpoint location 29g39.7 Performance monitoring . 29g39.7.1 SLA Monitoring for E2E services 29g39.7.2 Overload Detection . 31g39.8 Use Case: Active Monitoring of Service Chains 32g310 Evaluating NFV Resiliency 34g310.0 Introduction 34g310.1 Network Resiliency Principles . 34g310.2 NFV Resili
15、ency Evaluation using active fault injection . 35g310.2.0 Introduction. 35g310.2.1 Fault Injection framework for evaluating NFV resiliency 35g310.2.2 Multilevel Challenge/Fault modelling 36g310.2.3 NFVI faults Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“,
16、which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not reference
17、d in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Group Specification (GS) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV). Modal verbs terminology In
18、the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deli
19、verables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI GS NFV-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04)6 1 Scope The present document develops a report detailing methods for active monitoring of VNFs, NFVI and E2E network services and detection of failures. It addresses the following two aspects of active monitorin
20、g: 1) Periodic testing of VNFs and service chains in a live environment to ensure proper functionality and performance adherence to SLAs. 2) Failure prevention and detection - Active monitoring methods for failure prevention (proactive) or timely detection and recovery from failures. Failures includ
21、e loss or degradation of network connectivity, loss or degradation of session capacity, loss of services, VM failures, VM stalls, etc. The present document proposes that the monitoring agents be on boarded into the NFV environment, just like other VNFs. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Referenc
22、es are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced docum
23、ents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents a
24、re necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific r
25、eferences, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the applicat
26、ion of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 IETF RFC 5357: “A two-way active measurement protocol“. i.2 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1564: “Ethernet Service Activation Test Methodologies“. i.3 IETF RFC 2544: “Benchmarking Methodology for Network Inter
27、connect Devices“. i.4 IETF RFC 2681: “A Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM“. i.5 ETSI GS NFV-SEC 003: “Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); NFV Security; Security and Trust Guidance“. i.6 IETF RFC 7594: “A Framework for Large-Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP)“. i.7 IETF RFC 7536: “L
28、arge-Scale Broadband Measurement Use Cases“. i.8 IETF draft-ietf-lmap-information-model-06: “Information Model for Large-Scale Measurement Platforms (LMAP)“. ETSI ETSI GS NFV-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04)7 i.9 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1731: “Internet protocol aspects - Quality of service and network Perfor
29、mance“. i.10 ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2010: “Systems and software engineering - Vocabulary“. i.11 IETF RFC 6349: “Framework for TCP Throughput Testing“. i.12 ETSI GS NFV 003 (V1.1.1): “Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Terminology for Main Concepts in NFV“. i.13 ETSI GS NFV-MAN 001: “Network Functio
30、ns Virtualisation (NFV); Management and Orchestration“. i.14 ETSI GS NFV-REL 001 (V1.0.0): “Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Resiliency Requirements“. i.15 Saurabh Kumar Garg et al.: “SLA-based virtual machine management for heterogeneous workloads in a cloud datacenter“, Journal of Network a
31、nd Computer Applications, Vol. 45, October 2014, pp. 108-120. i.16 Eric Bauer, and Randee Adams: “Service Quality of Cloud-Based Applications, Wiley-IEEE Press, February 2014. i.17 TM Forum Cloud SLA Application Note Version 1.2 - GB963. i.18 TM Forum TR 178: “E2E Cloud SLA Management“. i.19 Raimund
32、 Schatz, Tobias Hofeld, Lucjan Janowski, and Sebastian Egger: “From Packets to People: Quality of Experience as a New Measurement Challenge“, in Data Traffic Monitoring and Analysis (E. Biersack, C. Callegari, and M. Matijasevic, Eds.), Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7754, 2013. i.
33、20 OPNFV Doctor project stable draft. NOTE: Available at https:/wiki.opnfv.org/display/doctor/Doctor+Home. i.21 Michael R. Lyu (Ed.): “Handbook of Software Reliability Engineering“, IEEE Computer Society Press Reliability; Report on Scalable Architectures for Reliability Management“. ETSI ETSI GS NF
34、V-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04)8 i.29 ETSI GS NFV-REL 003: “Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Reliability; Report on Models and Features for E2E Reliability“. i.30 ETSI GS NFV-SEC 008: “Security Management and Monitoring for NFV“. i.31 ETSI GS NFV-REL 005 (V1.1.1): “Network Functions Virtualisation
35、 (NFV); Accountability; Report on Quality Accountability Framework“. i.32 IETF draft-browne-sfc-nsh-timestamp-00: “Network Service Header Timestamping“. NOTE: Available at https:/tools.ietf.org/html/draft-browne-sfc-nsh-timestamp-00. i.33 IETF draft-irtf-nfvrg-resource-management-service-chain-02: “
36、Resource Management in Service Chaining“. NOTE: Available at https:/tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-nfvrg-resource-management-service-chain-02. i.34 Mark Sylor: “Testing the Cloud,“ EXFO White Paper 023, 2012. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, t
37、he terms and definitions given in ETSI GS NFV-REL 001 i.14, ETSI GS NFV 003 i.12 and the following apply: failure: termination of the ability of a product to perform a required function or its inability to perform within previously specified limits or an event in which a system or system component d
38、oes not perform a required function within specified limits NOTE: As defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2010 i.10. FaultLoad: set of faults to inject in the NFVI for resiliency evaluation NOTE: As defined in i.23. frame loss ratio: ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the number of service frames not del
39、ivered divided by the total number of service frames during a time interval T, where the number of service frames not delivered is the difference between the number of service frames arriving at the ingress ETH flow point and the number of service frames delivered at the egress ETH flow point in a p
40、oint-to-point ETH connection NOTE: As defined in Recommendation ITU-T Y.1731 i.9. frame delay: round-trip delay for a frame, where frame delay is defined as the time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the frame by a source node until the reception of the last bit of the loop
41、 backed frame by the same source node, when the loopback is performed at the frames destination node NOTE: As defined in Recommendation ITU-T Y.1731 i.9. frame delay variation: measure of the variations in the frame delay between a pair of service frames, where the service frames belong to the same
42、CoS instance on a point-to-point ETH connection NOTE: As defined in Recommendation ITU-T Y.1731 i.9. Test Controller: management module responsible for management of the test agents/probes NOTE 1: Provides test instructions to the test probes. NOTE 2: Co-ordinates the test scheduling when multiple t
43、ests with large number of test probes are executed. NOTE 3: Retrieves results from the results analysis engine to provide actionable information to the network operator via NFVO. In this case result reporting to OSS/BSS via NFVO has been used as a deployment option to keep a single interface for com
44、munication between Test Controller and MANO. This keeps the changes required to interfaces of the MANO components to minimum and minimizes the effort for Active monitoring System integration with NFV framework. ETSI ETSI GS NFV-REL 004 V1.1.1 (2016-04)9 Test Results Analysis Module (TRAM): integral
45、part of the active monitoring framework that collects or receives test results from the VTAs, NFVI resource statistics and alarms from VIM and analyses test results and presents it to Test Controller, NFVO or other management entities in an actionable format throughput: maximum rate at which no fram
46、e is dropped. This is typically measured under test conditions NOTE: As defined in IETF RFC 2544 i.3. Virtual Test Agent (VTA): VNF for active monitoring probe capable of sending and analysing control plane and data plane testing 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the abbrev
47、iations given in ETSI GS NFV 003 i.12 and the following apply: BSS Business Support Systems CBS Constant Bit Rate CCDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CiGoodput Cloud infrastructure Goodput CiQoE Cloud infrastructure Quality of Experience CiR Cloud infrastructure Reliability CoS Class
48、 of Service DPI Deep Packet Inspection DUT Device Under Test EBS Excess Burst Size EIR Excess Information Rate IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IPPM IP Performance Metrics LMAP Large scale Measurement of Broadband Performance NFF No Fault Found OSS Operations Support Systems PoP Point of Presenc
49、e PPB Parts Per Billion PTP Precision Time Protocol NTP Network Time Protocol NSR Network Service Record QoE Quality of Experience QoS Quality of Service SLA Service Level Agreement SPC Statistical Process Control TCO Total Cost of Ownership TRAM Test Results Analysis Module VLR Virtual Link Record VNFR Virtual Network Function Record VTA Virtual Test Agent 4 Active Monitoring in traditional networks In general the 3 stages of service lifecycle are addressed in the present document: 1) Service acti
