1、 ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1 (2004-11)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Recommended approach, and possible limits formeasurement uncertainty for the measurement ofradiated electromagnetic fields above 1 GHzETSI ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1 (2004-11) 2 Reference RTR/
2、ERM-TG33-062 Keywords measurement uncertainty, mobile, radio, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 78
3、03/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference ver
4、sion is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of st
5、atus. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notific
6、ation No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2004. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered fo
7、r the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1 (2004-11) 3 Conte
8、nts Intellectual Property Rights6 Foreword.6 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 References 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .9 3.1 Definitions9 3.2 Symbols12 3.3 Abbreviations .12 4 Accuracy and measurement uncertainty.12 4.1 Introduction 12 4.2 Accuracy of measurement 13 4.3 Measurement uncertain
9、ty .13 5 Application of measurement uncertainty to specification limits14 5.1 Introduction 14 5.2 Development of the “shared risk“ concept .14 5.3 Shared risk, the new approach15 5.3.1 Maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty.15 5.3.2 Guidance on compliance assessment when measurement uncertainty
10、is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty .15 5.3.3 Guidance on compliance assessment when measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty.16 5.4 Assessment for market surveillance and enforcement16 5.4.1 Market surveillance.16 5.4.2 Enforcement16 5.5 Interpretat
11、ion of EMF test results in CENELEC standards16 6 The role of standards (or specifications) 16 6.1 Introduction 16 6.2 The players .17 6.3 The drafting of standards17 6.4 The content of standards.17 6.5 Specification limits.18 7 The role of calibration in measurement uncertainty.18 7.1 Introduction t
12、o calibration 18 7.2 Test site calibration 18 7.2.1 Calibration of OATS.19 7.2.2 Calibration of semi-anechoic rooms .19 7.2.3 Calibration of fully lined anechoic rooms.19 7.3 Antenna calibration 19 7.4 Test equipment calibration .19 7.5 Automated test system calibration20 8 Recommended maximum measu
13、rement uncertainties for RF electromagnetic field measurements .20 8.1 Introduction 20 8.2 Substitution measurement methods20 8.2.1 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) (radio) 20 8.2.2 Radiated spurious emissions (radio) .20 8.2.3 Receiver sensitivity (radio).21 8.3 Single measurement methods.
14、21 8.3.1 Radiated emissions (EMC) .21 8.3.2 Radiated immunity (EMC) .21 8.3.3 Radiated receiver blocking (radio)21 ETSI ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1 (2004-11) 4 9 Controlling measurement uncertainty 22 9.1 Introduction 22 9.2 Test laboratory accreditation 22 9.3 Competence of the test laboratory22 9.4 Ski
15、ll level of test engineers and supervision of testing.22 9.5 Design and validation of appropriate test sites.23 9.6 Quality of test methods given in standards.23 9.7 Validation of test methods24 9.8 Test instrumentation.24 9.9 Documentation .25 10 Evaluation of current radiated test methods .26 10.1
16、 Introduction 26 10.2 EMC emissions and immunity .27 10.3 Radio parameters27 10.3.1 Radiated emissions .27 10.3.1.1 EIRP27 10.3.1.2 Spurious emissions27 10.3.1.3 Cabinet radiation .28 10.4 EMF parameters .28 11 Conducted measurement methods28 Annex A: History of the “shared risk“ concept 29 A.1 Inte
17、rpretation of the measurement results (ETS 300 086 Edition 1)29 A.2 Interpretation of the measurement results (EN 300 086-1 V1.2.1) 29 A.3 Interpretation of the measurement results (EN 301 681 V1.3.2)30 Annex B: Examples of measurement uncertainty calculations31 B.1 Effective Isotropic Radiated Powe
18、r (EIRP) (radio)31 B.2 Radiated spurious emissions (radio).34 B.3 Receiver sensitivity (radio) 35 B.4 Radiated field strength (EMC) .35 B.5 Radiated immunity (EMC).37 B.6 Radiated receiver blocking (radio).37 Annex C: Example electronic files for calculation of measurement uncertainty .38 Annex D: U
19、ncertainty contributions 39 D.1 Reflectivity.40 D.2 Mutual coupling .41 D.3 Range length.46 D.4 Corrections .47 D.5 Radio frequency cables 48 D.6 Phase centre positioning.49 D.7 Void51 D.8 Ambient signals51 D.9 Mismatch52 D.10 Signal generator54 D.11 Insertion losses .54 ETSI ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1
20、(2004-11) 5 D.12 Antennas.56 D.13 Receiving device 57 D.14 Equipment under test58 D.15 Void60 D.16 Void60 D.17 Void60 D.18 Random uncertainty .60 D.19 Summary, tables and figures 61 History 65 ETSI ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1 (2004-11) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essentia
21、l to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified
22、to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be
23、given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility an
24、d Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The present document has been produced in response to the need for measurement uncertainty information above 1 GHz, and to determine practical maximum frequency of measurement which is also cost effective for manufacturers self declaration, and for test l
25、aboratories offering certification testing. Considerable work on radio test methods and measurement uncertainty up to 1 GHz has previously been undertaken by ETSI to determine the contributions to the calculation of measurement uncertainty and these have been published in ETSI TR 100 028 1 to 2 and
26、TR 102 273 3 to 10. The changing role of regulation due to the implementation of the Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R radiated spurious emissions; and EMC radiated emissions. The maximum frequency recommendations are based upon current capabilities of measurement equipment at May 2
27、003 and the ability to calculate measurement uncertainty from traceable calibration certificates. Frequencies above the recommended maximum frequency for each method of measurement are for further study. A recommendation is given on how to apply the laboratory calculated measurement uncertainty to a
28、 measured parameter and to assess the quality of the measurement against a defined limit given in a standard. The present document contains the results of many discussions held with test equipment manufacturers, test laboratories, administrations, trade associations, societies, and members of the GR
29、SC, all who have an interest in measurement uncertainty above 1 GHz. In determining the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty, particular account has been taken of current methods of measurement already identified in ETSI standards. However where there is an inconsistency, or uncertainties that
30、 have not previously been taken into account in the uncertainty budgets, these are clearly identified in the relevant clauses. Whilst an analysis has been carried out on safety related measurements by ETSI, the responsibility for standards rests with CENELEC. The present document will include any re
31、commendations from CENELEC TC 106X related to radiated measurements in a future edition. Fixed link microwave methods of measurement do not use radiated measurements only conducted measurements (excepting EMC testing). Therefore they are considered outside the scope of the present document. However,
32、 as new technologies with integral antennas are being developed, this may be reviewed in a future edition. Satellite equipment is outside the scope of the present document, however, this may be reviewed in a future edition. The measurement uncertainty for conducted measurements is outside the scope
33、of the present document. The use of a test jig for radiated RF measurements of integral antenna radio equipment is outside the scope of the present document. Annex A contains historical examples of the application of shared risk within ETSI standards. Annex B contains examples of measurement uncerta
34、inty calculations, some of which are still under development. Annex C is reserved for data files to be used in the calculation of radio parameter measurement uncertainties. Annex D contains a list of all relevant contributions to radiated measurement uncertainty extracted from TR 102 273-1-2 4. ETSI
35、 ETSI TR 102 215 V1.3.1 (2004-11) 8 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: 1 ETSI TR 100 028-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 1“.
36、2 ETSI TR 100 028-2: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2“. 3 ETSI TR 102 273-1-1 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods
37、of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 1: Introduction“. 4 ETSI TR 102 273-1-2 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM
38、); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 2: Examples and annexes“. 5 ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic com
39、patibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber“. 6 ETSI TR 102 273-3 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Impro
40、vement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 3: Anechoic chamber with a ground plane“. 7 ETSI TR 102 273-4 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of
41、Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 4: Open area test site“. 8 ETSI TR 102 273-5 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of
42、 the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 5: Striplines“. 9 ETSI TR 102 273-6 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 6: Te
43、st fixtures“. 10 ETSI TR 102 273-7 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 7: Artificial human beings“. 11 Directive 1999/5/EC of th
44、e European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R Land mobile group; Technical characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector inten
45、ded primarily for analogue speech“. 17 ETSI EN 300 086-1 (V1.2.1): “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Land Mobile Service; Radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector intended primarily for analogue speech; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of
46、measurement“. 18 ETSI EN 301 681 (V1.3.2): “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Mobile Earth Stations (MESs) of Geostationary mobile satellite systems, including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands under t
47、he Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validation of a fully lined anechoic chamber up to 40 GHz“. 22 ETSI EN 301 489-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compat
48、ibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: accuracy: in relation to the measured value defined in clause
49、 4.2 of TR 102 215; it has also been used in the rest of the document in relation to test instrumentation antenna: part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive electromagnetic waves antenna factor: quantity relating the strength of the field in which the antenna is immersed to the output voltage across the load connected to the antenna NOTE: When properly applied to the meter reading of the measuring instrument, yields the electric field strength in V/m or the magnetic field strength in A/m. antenn
