1、 ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Technical characteristics for SRD equipment usingUltra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB);System Reference DocumentPart 1: Building material analysis and classif
2、ication applicationsoperating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHzETSI ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-RM-044-1 Keywords radar, radio, short range, SRDoc, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4
3、 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one elec
4、tronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive wit
5、hin ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present docume
6、nt, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Teleco
7、mmunications Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI
8、registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .6 3.1 Definitions6 3.2 Symbols7 3.3 Abbrevi
9、ations .7 4 Executive summary 7 4.1 Status of the System Reference Document.8 4.1.1 Limits proposed in clause 6 8 4.1.2 Statement from Secretariat dEtat a lIndustrie8 4.1.3 Statement of ETSI TC SES.8 4.1.4 Comments from France Telecom8 4.1.5 Comments of Deutsche Telekom8 4.1.6 Comments of Vodafone a
10、nd Siemens MC8 4.1.7 Comments from Bosch, Hilti, Ubisense, JSC .9 4.2 Market information.9 4.3 Technical system description .9 5 Current regulations.9 6 Proposed regulations 9 7 Main conclusions10 8 Expected ECC and ETSI actions10 Annex A: Detailed market information .11 A.1 Range of applications .1
11、1 A.2 Market size and value.14 A.3 Traffic evaluation .15 Annex B: Technical information 17 B.1 Detailed technical description 17 B.1.1 UWB Signal Source .17 B.2 Technical justification for spectrum.19 B.2.1 Power19 B.2.2 Frequency Mask .20 B.2.3 Frequency dependency of attenuation and clutter 21 B.
12、2.3.1 Frequency dependency of attenuation.22 B.2.3.2 Frequency dependency of clutter22 B.3 Bandwidth requirement 24 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues 25 C.1 Coexistence issues25 C.2 Current ITU allocations25 C.3 Sharing issues.25 History 26 ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 4 Intellectual
13、 Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPR
14、s); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searc
15、hes, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ET
16、SI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultr
17、a Wide Band technology (UWB), as identified below: Part 1: “Building material analysis and classification applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz“; Part 2: “Object discrimination and characterization applications“; Part 3: “Location tracking applications operating in the f
18、requency band from 6 GHz to 9 GHz“; Part 4: “Object identification for surveillance applications“. Introduction Ultra wideband technology enables a new generation of devices for building material analysis and classification of buried objects and material. The non-destructive scanning of building str
19、uctures offers large economical advantage compared to conventional destructive methods. These handheld devices are lightweight and are manually operated at low power. They exhibit a low activity factor during operation. The typical total operational duration is limited to a few minutes as the area o
20、f interest is usually confined to a few m and the measurement results are instantaneously available. Due to the low activity factor, the limited activation time per task, the nature of the applications, random use over time and location of the usage, no aggregation occurs. The devices are designed t
21、o work only in direct contact to the building structure being scanned and are designed to couple the electromagnetic signal directly into the building structure. The devices will not operate without physical contact to the building structure to be investigated. Parasitic, undesired radiation into fr
22、ee space is significantly reduced due to the device design and the additional attenuation of the measured building structure. Equipment features (e.g. deactivation switch, dynamic power control, listen-before-talk) may reduce such radiation even further. Frequencies in the lower GHz range are necess
23、ary to penetrate lossy building materials, such as concrete, because they exhibit a large attenuation which increases with frequency and to minimize clutter. A large bandwidth is required to ensure sufficient measurement resolution, needed for object identification, separation and classification. ET
24、SI ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 5 1 Scope The present document provides information on the intended applications, the technical parameters and the radio spectrum requirements for UWB material analysis and classification devices operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz. It describe
25、s handheld systems that are manually operated to scan a building structure for hidden objects and to analyze building material properties. In addition, the equipment design only supports activation when in direct contact to the structure or material being investigated. It includes necessary informat
26、ion to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), including: Detailed market information (annex A); Technical information (annex B); Expected compatibility issues (annex C).
27、 The present document does not cover through-wall and ground probing radar devices. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 CEPT/ECC Report 64: “The protection requirements of radiocommunications systems below 10,6 GHz from generic UWB applicatio
28、ns“ Helsinki, February 2005 http:/www.ero.dk/doc98/Official/pdf/ECCREP064.pdf. 2 IEEE-STD-299: “IEEE Standard Method for Measuring the Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Shielding Enclosures“. 3 CEPT/ERC Report 25: “The European table of frequency allocations and utilisations covering the frequency ra
29、nge 9 kHz to 275 GHz: Lisboa January 2002 - Dublin 2003 - Turkey 2004 -Copenhagen 2004“. 4 US Census Office, FHWA / Bundesanstalt fr Straen Germany / Highways Agency UK / Prof. Wicke Universitt Innsbruck / Autostrade, Spain / Ministre de lEquipement, France / European BRIDGE project. 5 Speedway Moto
30、r Sport (Lowe, NC): pre-stressed concrete bridge, year of construction: 1995 bridge collapse: May 20, 2000, 11pm / over 100 people injured. 6 FCC 03-33: “Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding UWB Transmission Systems“. 7 Maierhofer, Ch., Wstmann, Investigation of dielectric properti
31、es of brick materials as a function of moisture and salt content using a microwave impulse technique at very high frequencies, NDT Sichina, J.; Harvey, J.F.; Microwave underground propagation and detection, Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 50, Issue: 3, March 2002 Pages
32、:945 - 952. 17 F. Tsui, S.L. Matthews: Analytical modelling of the dielectric properties of concrete for subsurface radar applications, Building Research Establishment, Gaston, Watford, UK. 18 Peplinski N R, Ulaby F T, Dobson M C, Dielectric Properties of soils in the 0,3-1,3 GHz range IEEE Trans on
33、 Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33 No 3 May 1995. 19 Hallikainen, M.T., Ulaby, F.T.,Dobson, M.C., Elrayes, M.A., Wu, L.K., Microwave dielectric behaviour of wet soil Parts I and II, IEEE Trans., Vol GE-23, 1985, No 1, pp 25-34. 20 Pauli P. Peyerl, P.; Zetik, R.; Crabbe, S., “M-Sequence Ultra-Wi
34、deband-Radar: State of Development and Applications“, Radar 2003, Adelaide (Australia), pp. 6, September 2003. 22 Egil S. Eide: Radar Imaging of Small Objects Closely Below the Earth Surface, PhD from Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, 2000. 23 Document TG3#11-55-A4R0:“
35、Draft ECC Decision of xx 2006 on the harmonized conditions for the use of UWB devices below 10,6 GHz“. 24 TG3#11-56R0: Draft final CEPT report. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity facto
36、r: reflects the effective transmission time ratio clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogenities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building material structures spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets undesired emissions: any emissions in
37、to free space resulting from the wanted emission. It can be caused by: leaked emissions from the antenna; and/or scattered/reflected emissions from the building material; and/or ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 7 transmitted emissions through the building material. undesired maximum average p
38、ower density: power density caused by the undesired emissions. It is proposed to measure it as depicted in figure B.2.1 with the device applied to the worst case material. 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: c velocity of light in a vacuum R range resol
39、ution t time interval between the arrivals of two signals from targets separated in range by R ER relative dielectric constant of earth materials TPpulse rise time 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: A/D Analogue to Digital Converter BW Band
40、width DIY do-it-yourselfdB Decibel dBm Decibel reference to 1mW CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administrations de Postes et des Telecommunications DUT Device under test ECC European Communication Committee EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power ERC European Radiocommunications Committee ERP Effecti
41、ve Radiated Power GPR Ground Probing Radar ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical LBT Listen-Before-Talk PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PSD Power Spectral Density SRD Short Range Device TEM Transverse Electromagnetic Wave TWPR Through-Wall Probing Radar UWB Ultra Wide Band VHF Very High Frequency WP
42、R Wall Probing Radar 4 Executive summary The present document describes a new generation of devices using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology for building material analysis and classification applications. These devices are handheld and operated manually. Due to the low activity factor, the limited op
43、eration time per task, the nature of the applications, random use over time and location, it is assumed that no aggregation occurs. In addition, the equipment design only supports operation taking place in direct contact to the structure or material being investigated. In addition, Listen-Before-Tal
44、k (LBT) may be implemented to detect certain other victim devices operating within the same frequency range. The construction and operating conditions of such devices assure very low parasitic, undesired emissions and the number of devices is quite limited. UWB sensor devices operate with very low a
45、ctivity factors. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 8 There is evidence that these devices significantly improve maintenance tasks, quality assessments and provide saving potentials. Public safety is enhanced, e.g. for consumer usage by detection of gas pipes or electrical installations or for
46、inspections of large buildings and structures. The main application for the equipment described are social benefit by providing a means to detect salt, water content of bridges and thereby assessing the corrosion state, particularly for consumer and public safety is addressed (unlike professional GP
47、R/WPR does), e.g. by detection of gas pipes or electrical installations. A high bandwidth is required to obtain sufficient spatial resolution. To detect weak targets a minimum power level is necessary. Building materials typically provide a high attenuation for UWB signals of 1 dB/cm or more. This e
48、nsures a low parasitic, undesired transmission of the UWB signals into free space. The close proximity of the device to the building material and the special design of the device ensure low parasitic reflection or radiation into free space. 4.1 Status of the System Reference Document The present doc
49、ument has included several inputs from ECC TG3. These were received after submitting a preliminary version of the TR 102 495-1. 4.1.1 Limits proposed in clause 6 It should be noted that the limits proposed in clause 6 have so far not been unanimously agreed within ETSI. 4.1.2 Statement from Secretariat dEtat a lIndustrie The Secretariat dEtat a lIndustrie expressed concerns with the proposed PSD limits as provided in clause 6. 4.1.3 Statement of ETSI TC SES “TC SES welcomes SRDocs providing full description of technical c
