1、 ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09)Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) service;Functionalities, architecture and technologiesETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 2 Reference DTR/SES-00280 Keywords digital, interface, radio, satellite ETSI 650 Rout
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6、yright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently
7、 being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions
8、 and abbreviations.7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Abbreviations .8 4 Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) service - overview 9 4.1 Typical system architecture9 4.2 Typical system performance.9 4.3 Typical SDR Segments Overview10 4.3.1 Hub Segment 10 4.3.2 Space Segment11 4.3.3 Management and Control Segment (MCS).
9、11 4.3.4 Complementary Terrestrial Segment 11 4.3.5 Radio Segment12 5 Sdr functionalities 12 5.1 Services 12 5.1.1 Market.12 5.1.2 Broadcasting Services.13 5.1.3 Interactive Services.13 5.1.4 Flexibility13 5.1.5 Business model .13 5.1.6 Channel and Program Guides: 13 5.1.7 Real-time and non-real-tim
10、e services: 13 5.2 Quality of Service.13 5.2.1 Generalities.13 5.2.2 Streaming Applications.14 5.2.3 File Applications.14 5.2.4 Service availability .14 5.3 Capacity14 5.4 End users terminals 15 5.5 Regulatory considerations 15 5.5.1 Broadcasting frequency resource15 5.5.2 Satellite component freque
11、ncy resource .15 5.5.3 Terrestrial component frequency resource15 5.5.4 Satellite feeder link frequency resource15 5.5.5 Terrestrial transmitters spectrum mask.15 5.5.6 Standardization issues.16 5.5.7 Terrestrial Retransmission of Satellite Content 16 5.6 High Level System Functionalities 16 5.6.1 S
12、atellite .16 5.6.2 Terrestrial transmission.16 5.6.3 Radio Spectrum 16 5.6.4 Signal bandwidth and Capacity 16 5.6.5 Service and content format and interface16 5.6.6 Digital Right Management17 5.6.7 Encryption and Conditional Access17 5.6.8 Layers .17 5.6.9 Quality of Service .17 5.7 System Reference
13、 Architecture 17 5.7.1 Hub Segment 17 5.7.2 Satellite Segment 17 ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 4 5.7.3 Complementary Terrestrial Segment 18 5.7.4 Terminal Segment.18 6 SDR REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE.18 6.1 Introduction 18 6.2 Functional Overview of the Broadcast Chain.18 6.3 Layer Definition .21
14、 6.4 Interface definitions21 6.5 Possible System Configurations .22 6.6 Interfaces for Conditional Access 24 7 Matrix of technologies for sdr functional layers and example implementation choices 25 7.1 Matrix of available / proposed technologies for each functional layer.26 7.2 Possible SDR System I
15、mplementations Paths27 8 Conclusion28 History 29 ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for
16、ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/
17、webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may b
18、ecome, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 6 1 Scope The present document concerns the functionalities, reference architecture and techno
19、logies for Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) systems. In particular, the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers is addressed. It provides a summary of technologies that can be used to address the functionalities in a manner compatible with the reference architecture. The various technologies have be
20、en submitted during an internal call for proposals of the ETSI TC SES/SDR working group. Within the scope of the present document, the various technology choices and interfaces/layers are not intended to be completely definitive, and other choices might be considered. It should also be noted that va
21、rious architectures described in the present document are not intended to be interoperable with each other. The material in the present document should be useful for the creation of an SDR radio interface standard or standards for particular parts of the SDR system. 2 References For the purposes of
22、this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: 1 ETSI EN 300 744: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television“. 2 ETSI EN 300 401: “Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable
23、 and fixed receivers“. 3 ETSI EN 301 192: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting“, clause 7 “Multiprotocol Encapsulation“. 4 ITU-R Recommendation BO.1130-4: “Systems for digital satellite broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the bands allocat
24、ed to BSS (sound) in the frequency range 1400-2700 MHz“. NOTE: System A is DAB, DSis WorldSpace, DHis an enhanced WorldSpace, and E is MBCO (Japan) / S-DMB (Korea). 5 ISO/IEC 13818-1: “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems“. 6 CEPT ECC/D
25、EC/(03)02: “ECC Decision of 17 October 2003 on the designation of the frequency band 1479.5-1492 MHz for use by Satellite Digital Audio Broadcasting systems“. 7 Directive 2002/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on a common regulatory framework for electronic communic
26、ations networks and services (Framework Directive). 8 Campanella S. J.: “Seminar on the Worldspace Satellite Direct Digital Audio Broadcast System“, IEE Seminar, 19 July 1998. 9 Williamson M.: “Satellites Rock!“, IEE Review, December 2003. 10 Lee S.: “Satellite DMB in Korea“ International Workshop f
27、or B3G/4G satellite Communications, Korea, 18 November 2004. 11 Kuhlen H.: “Archimedes/MediaStar - provision of digital audio and data broadcasting services via satellite to mobile and fixed subscriber“, Proceedings of the Digital Audio Broadcasting Conference, London, 6 and 7 July 1995. 12 Chuberre
28、 N.: “An Innovative Mobile Satellite System Concept“, International Workshop for B3G/4G satellite Communications, Korea, 18 November 2004. 13 Terzani et.al.: “Results of the WARC 92 Conference“, EBU Technical Review - Summer 1992, pp 27-35. 14 WorldDAB: “Dossier on Digital Radio - WorldDAB 278/EC205
29、, March 2001 p 72. ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 7 15 Kozamernik F. et.al.: “Satellite DSB Systems - and their impact on the planning of terrestrial DAB services in Europe“ EBU Technical Review - January 2002 pp 1-17. 16 Layer D. H.: “Digital Radio takes to the Road“, IEEE Spectrum July 2001
30、. 17 Prosch T.: “The use of Big Leo Satellite Systems and Eureka 147 DAB to provide reliable BC Reception“, IEEE transactions on broadcasting, vol 43, no 2, June 1997. 18 Puetz J.: “Satellite Radio“ The Journal of The Council of Advisors, May 2001. 19 “Special Arrangement of the European Conference
31、of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) relating to the use of the band 1452 - 1479.5 MHz for Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcasting (T-DAB)“, Final Acts of CEPT T-DAB Planning Meeting (4) Maastricht, 2002 (available from ERO web site). 20 ITU Resolution 528 (WARC 92). 21 Faller C. e
32、t. al.: “Technical Advances in Digital Audio Radio“, Proc. IEEE August 2002, pp 1303-1333. 22 Michalski Richard A.: “An Overview Of The XM Satellite Radio System“, AIAA 2002. 23 Briskman Robert D.: “DARS Satellite Constellation Performance“, AIAA 2002. 24 Briskman Robert D.: “Evolution of Satellite
33、Digital Audio Radio Services“, 23rd AIAA (ICSSC 2005), Rome September 2005. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: channel: RF resource NOTE: Inline with the terminology used for DVB. channel coding: adding
34、 redundancy to cope with transmission errors complementary terrestrial segment: the primary function of the Complementary Terrestrial Segment is the transmission or re-transmission of SDR content NOTE: Additionally, it may also select, multiplex, modulate and transmit SDR content depending on the pa
35、rticular SDR system implementation. Channel Transport Stream (C-TS): data stream (bit stream) representing the input to the modulator = data stream including all redundancy added by the FEC encoder modulation: process of varying the characteristic of a carrier according to an information bearing sig
36、nal NOTE: The input are the data bits at the output of the FEC coding and multiplexing. The output are the signals transmitted of the air. MPEG-TS: transport stream compliant to MPEG standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 5 program: collection of program elements NOTE 1: A program element may be an audio video or
37、 data component. NOTE 2: In line with the definition used for MPEG. service: set of programs and related auxiliary information spot: geographical area under beam coverage ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 8 Service Transport Stream (S-TS): generalized term for transport stream NOTE: MPEG-TS is o
38、ne example for a service transport stream. terrestrial transmitter: functional part of the Complementary Terrestrial Segment NOTE: Might also be described as terrestrial repeater or gap-filler. time diversity: application of time delayed signal processing, incorporating the use of redundant bits or
39、symbols NOTE: Used to improve the robustness of the signal. time interleaving: reordering bits or symbols without adding redundancy NOTE: Used to improve the robustness of the signal to short term impairments, in conjunction with FEC coding. Word Error Rate (WER) or Block Error Rate (BLER): ratio of
40、 blocks containing at least one error to number of transmitted blocks NOTE: Word length may depend on system. In case of MPEG-TS the word length is 188 Bytes. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BER Bit Error Rate BLER BLock Error Rate BSS B
41、roadcasting Satellite Service C-TS Channel-transport stream EER Event Error Rate FEC Forward Error Correction FFR File Failure Rate FSS Fixed Satellite Service GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit MCS Management and Control Segment MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group Msym Modulatio
42、n symbols OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex PER Packet Error Rate PHY Physical layer QoS Quality of Service RF Radio Frequency Sat Satellite SC Service Component SC Service Component NOTE: MPEG uses the term “Packetized Elementary Stream“ (PES). SCC Satellite Control Centre SC-TS Service
43、Component Transport Stream S-DAB Satellite-Digital Audio BroadcastingSDR Satellite Digital Radio S-TS Service-Transport Stream TCR Telemetry, Command and Ranging T-DAB Terrestrial-Digital Audio Broadcasting Terr Terrestrial WER Word Error Rate NOTE: A modulation symbol may carry several bits. Beside
44、 symbols carrying data the signal may also include pilot symbols or preambles useful for synchronization and/or channel estimation. xPSK any Phase Shit Keying ETSI ETSI TR 102 525 V1.1.1 (2006-09) 9 4 Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) service - overview 4.1 Typical system architecture A typical SDR syst
45、em (see figure 4.1) is based on an architecture combining satellite broadcast and, where necessary, complementary terrestrial transmitters to ensure seamless reception for vehicles when satellite is not in line of sight, especially in urban zones. Broadcasting in L Band with complementary terrestria
46、l transmitters for shadow zones Data serversStudiosHubstationBroadcasting satelliteComplementary Terrestrial Transmitters Feed Figure 4.1: Typical SDR system architecture The satellite signal would employ FEC and time diversity techniques, which enhance robustness of signal reception in mobile envir
47、onment. This technique alleviates signal drop when obstacles are momentarily blocking line of sight to the satellite and allows providing consistent quality signals in shadowed areas not covered by terrestrial transmitters. The radio and data programs provided by the content providers are gathered b
48、y one or more “hub stations“ before being multiplexed and transmitted toward Radio Receivers through satellite. The Complementary Terrestrial Segment receives and retransmits the satellite signal in urban areas. The signal received by this segment may be for example the satellite signal (e.g. around
49、 L-band), or a signal transmitted from a geostationary FSS satellite (e.g. in C or Ku band). Terrestrial transmission could use a different carrier frequency and modulation scheme than the satellite transmission. 4.2 Typical system performance The performance objectives for SDR systems are to efficiently provide high quality and high availability digital radio and associated services for mobile reception. The overall system performance is achieved using state of the art transmission schemes. If, as an example, one would take a t
