1、 ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)Technical Specification Forward Link Only Air Interface;Specification for Terrestrial Mobile;Multimedia MulticastEuropean Broadcasting Union Union Europenne de Radio-Tlvision EBUUER ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)2Reference DTS/JTC-018 Keywords air interface, b
2、roadcast, data, mobile, TV, video ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual co
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5、tus of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced exce
6、pt as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009. European Broadcasting Union 2009. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI lo
7、go are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational
8、 Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Introduction 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitio
9、ns, symbols and abbreviations . 5g34 System definition 6g34.1 General . 6g34.2 Physical Layer 6g34.3 MAC Layer 6g34.4 Control/Stream Layer . 6g3Annex A (informative): Forward Link Only Air Interface Specification Overview 7g3Annex B (informative): Support for 8 MHz, 7 MHz and 5 MHz RF Channel Bandwi
10、dths in Forward Link Only Air Interface Specification . 11g3History 17g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is pu
11、blicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ET
12、SI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are
13、, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunicat
14、ions Standards Institute (ETSI). NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENE
15、LEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU h
16、as active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva. European Broadcasting Union CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 This Technical Specification establishes a Normative Reference to the Forward
17、Link Only Air Interface Specification for Terrestrial Mobile Multimedia Multicast published by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) as Standard TIA-1099. These TIA published standards were based on input technical contributions from the FLO Forum. Founded in 2005, the FLO Forum is an in
18、ternational consortium of public and private sector organizations in the Mobile TV industry. Its aim is to promote the global standardization of Forward Link Only Mobile TV technology, to promote the availability of Forward Link Only Mobile TV technology-based product certification and testing, and
19、to promote the availability of spectrum for advanced wireless services on a technology neutral basis in support of the Mobile TV industry. Now comprising over 90 organizations from more than a dozen countries around the world, the FLO Forum fosters a contribution-driven environment for the advanceme
20、nt of Forward Link Only technology and the Mobile TV industry. Introduction An introduction to the Forward Link Only air interface can be found in Informative annex A. Additional details on the derivation of the baseline parameters for 8 MHz, 7 MHz, 6MHz and 5 MHz RF channel bandwidths is provided i
21、n annex B. ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)51 Scope The present document specifies the Forward Link Only air interface by referencing TIA Terrestrial Mobile Multimedia Multicast standards and by their use. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edi
22、tion number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the
23、 referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid a
24、t the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition o
25、f the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. 1 TIA 1099 (March 2007): “Forward Link Only Air Interface for Terrestrial Mobile Multimedia Multicast“. NOTE: Available at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/technology/tm3/. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents ar
26、e not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations For the purpos
27、es of the present document, the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations given in 1 apply. ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)64 System definition Forward Link Only technology is a terrestrial mobile multimedia multicast system for datagrams. These datagrams support a multiplicity of multimed
28、ia services, including, but not limited to real-time streaming audio and video, file-based audio and video, general file downloading services and the conveyance of IP datagrams. 4.1 General The objective of the Forward Link Only air interface is to provide a spectrally-efficient means for delivering
29、 multimedia datagrams over digital terrestrial broadcasting networks to mobile devices, including, but not limited to handheld terminals. The Forward Link Only air interface encompasses details of the: Physical layer. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. Control/Stream layer. 4.2 Physical Layer The Fo
30、rward Link Only air interface Physical layer shall follow TIA 1099 1 except for the second sentence in clause 5.2.1.1.3 that begins with, “For operations in the U.S. “. 4.3 MAC Layer The Forward Link Only air interface MAC layer shall follow TIA 1099 1. 4.4 Control/Stream Layer The Forward Link Only
31、 air interface Control/Stream layer shall follow TIA 1099 1. ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)7Annex A (informative): Forward Link Only Air Interface Specification Overview Overview The scope of the Forward Link Only air interface specification includes the following: a Physical layer, a MAC lay
32、er, a Control/Stream layer and a Transport layer. The different layers are depicted in figure A.1. Figure A.1: Forward Link Only Air Interface Layering Architecture Physical Layer The Forward Link Only Physical layer provides the channel structure, frequency, power output, modulation and encoding sp
33、ecification for Forward Link Only radio networks. The Forward Link Only Physical layer uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as the modulation technique. In addition, it incorporates forward error correction techniques involving the concatenation of a parallel concatenated convoluti
34、onal code (PCCC), i.e. Turbo code and a Reed-Solomon erasure correcting code. In the Forward Link Only Physical layer, transmission and reception are based on using 4 096 (4 K) subcarriers. The QAM modulation symbols are chosen from a QPSK or 16-QAM alphabet. The Forward Link Only Physical layer tra
35、nsmission parameters are outlined in table A.1. ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)8Table A.1: Forward Link Only Transmission Parameters Parameters Values 1 Channel bandwidths (see note 1) a. 5 MHz b. 6 MHz c. 7 MHz d. 8 MHz 2 Used bandwidth a. 4,52 MHz (see note 2) b. 5,42 MHz c. 6,32 MHz d. 7,23
36、 MHz 3 Number of subcarriers or segments 4 000 (out of 4 096) - 4 K 4 Subcarrier spacing a. 1,1292 KHz b. 1,355 KHz c. 1,5808 KHz d. 1,8066 KHz 5 Active Symbol or segment duration a. 885,6216 s b. 738,018 s c. 632,587 s d. 553,5135 s 6 Guard interval or Cyclic Prefix duration - 1/8thof useful OFDM s
37、ymbol a. 110,7027 s b. 92,2523 s c. 79,0734 s d. 69,1892 s (see note 3) 7 Transmission unit (frame) duration - Superframe - exactly 1 second in duration. Values in OFDM symbols - each superframe consists of 4 frames of equal duration (approx 1/4 second in duration) a. 1 000 b. 1 200 c. 1 400 d. 1 60
38、0 8 Time/frequency synchronization Time-division multiplex (TDM) and frequency-division multiplex (FDM) pilot channels 9 Modulation methods QPSK, 16-QAM, layered modulation 10 Coding and error correction methods Inner code: Parallel concatenated convolutional code (PCCC), rates 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 for
39、data and 1/5 for overhead information Outer code: RS with rates 1/2, 3/4, 7/8 and 1. 11 Net data rates (see note 4) a. 2,3 Mbps to 9,3 Mbps b. 2,8 Mbps to 11,2 Mbps c. 3,2 Mbps to 13 Mbps d. 3,7 Mbps to 14,9 Mbps NOTE 1: All parameters that may vary depending on selected channel bandwidth are listed
40、 in the order of corresponding channel bandwidths as shown in row 1 using sub-references a, b, c and d, as applicable. NOTE 2: Values in italics are approximate values. NOTE 3: The placement of the pilot sub-carriers in consecutive Forward Link Only OFDM symbols enables estimation of channels with d
41、elay spread up to two times the guard interval duration. NOTE 4: Data rates do not include the overhead due to use of RS coding. In each Forward Link Only OFDM symbol, there are 4 000 active subcarriers. These active subcarriers are further equally divided into eight disjoint groups called interlace
42、s. An interlace consists of 500 subcarriers that are evenly spaced across the Forward Link Only signal bandwidth. In each OFDM symbol, either interlace 2 or 6 is assigned to the FDM Pilot and is used for channel estimation. The interlace structure supports: The frequency-division multiplexing of For
43、ward Link Only logical channels, referred to as Multicast Logical Channels (MLCs), within each OFDM symbol, without the loss of frequency diversity. The minimum frequency allocation to an MLC, within a single OFDM symbol, is an interlace. Hence, at most 7 MLCs can be multiplexed within a single OFDM
44、 symbol. Frequency diversity is achieved as the subcarriers within an interlace span the total FLO signal bandwidth. The transmission of MLCs with fine granularity. For transmission at high spectral efficiency, tens of kbits can potentially be transmitted within a single OFDM symbol. The ability to
45、allocate a fraction of the subcarriers to MLCs supports low data rate MLCs without incurring a large overhead expense. ETSI ETSI TS 102 589 V1.1.1 (2009-02)9 The FFT block in the receiver can be designed such that only the required subset of interlaces, corresponding to the desired MLCs, are demodul
46、ated. Hence, when combined with the frequency multiplexing of MLCs, the receiver need not always perform a 4 096-point FFT, thereby reducing power consumption. Each Forward Link Only service is carried over one or more logical channels (i.e. MLC). An MLC has the attribute that it contains one or mor
47、e decodable subcomponents of a service that is of independent (user-level) reception interest. MLCs are distinguishable at the Physical layer. For example, the video and audio components of a given service can be sent over two different MLCs. A device that is solely interested in the audio component
48、 can receive the corresponding MLC without receiving the MLC for the video component, thereby saving on battery resources. The data rates required by multimedia services are expected to vary over a wide range, depending on their content. While low to moderate data rates, i.e. tens of kbps, may be su
49、fficient for data and audio streams, video streams may require instantaneous rates ranging from a few kbps to a few Mbps even though the average rate is in the range of 200 kbps to 300 kbps. Statistical multiplexing of different services, or MLCs, is achieved by varying only the MLC time and frequency allocations over prescribed time intervals to match the variability in the MLCs source rates. The possibility of varying the constellation and code rate assigned to an MLC is excluded in order to maintain a constant coveragearea for e
