1、N?J:EVGH? :=?GLKL : J LJ H K K B C K D H CN ? ? J : P B B=HKL J55682.32013/?G 12952-3:2001DHLEU HLJM;GU? B DHL?EVGH -H=HLH?G B ?G ?CKL?G himkdZ_fh_ gZijy_gb_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Pbebgjbq_kdb_ h_qZcdb ZjZZgh b dhee_dlhjh , gZ dhlhju_ _cklm_l gmlj_gg_
2、 Ze_gb_ .7.1 LhesbgZ h_qZcdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.2 Hkghghc jZkq_l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.3 Mq_l hihegbl_evguo gZjmahd h_qZcdZo ZjZZgh b dhee_dlhjh . . . . . . . . . . . .7.4 Ih_kdb b hihju
3、ey ZjZZgZ dhleZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.5 GZijy_gby pbebgjbq_kdbo hhehqdZo , g_ kyaZggu_ k gmlj_ggbf bjZebq_kdbfZe_gb_f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Hl_jklby b ijbkh_bgy_fu_ _lZeb pbebgjbq_kdbo h_qZcdZo ZjZZgh ,
4、 dhee_dlhjh b _k -rhguo ljmZo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.1 Hsb_ iheh_gby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.2 Dhwnnbpb_gl ijhqghklb , jZkkqblZgguc ZiijhdkbfZpb_c , b fZdkbfZevguc bZf_lj g_mdj_i -e_ggh
5、h hl_jklby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.3 JZkq_l hl_jklbc , hlhh b rlmp_jh pbebgjbq_kdbo hhehqdZo (dhwnnbpb_gl ijhqghklbb mkbe_gb_ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.4 ;helhu_ kh_bg_gby . . . . . . . .
6、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.5 bj_dlbZ 97/23/EG ?jhiZjeZf_glZ b ?jhi_ckdhh Kh_lZ hl 29 fZy 1997 hZ p_eyo ijb -_gby khhl_lklb_ gZpbhgZevguo ijZhuo Zdlh ih mkljhcklZf , jZhlZxsbf ih Ze_gb_f ,ABL.EG 181.=HKL J 55682.32013V11BaZgb_ hnbpbZevgh_DHLEU HLJM;GU? B DHL?EVGH -H : J
7、L J H K K B C K D H C N ? ? J : P B BZlZ _gby 201501011 HeZklv ijbf_g_gbyGZklhysbc klZgZjl mklZgZebZ_l lj_hZgby d dhgkljmdlbghfm bkiheg_gbx b l_oghehbb bahlh -e_gby hhljmguo dhleh , hij_e_gb_ dhlhjuo ijbhblky =HKL J ?G 12952-1.2 GhjfZlbgu_ kkuedbhimklbf ZgZeblbq_kdbc jZkq_l dhgkljmdpbb , qlh ihahey_
8、l jy_ kemqZ_ h_ki_qblv g_hohbfucmjh_gv gZ_ghklb jZkkfZljbZ_fuo we_f_glh .J_amevlZlu exuo jZkq_lh gZijy_gbc , uiheg_gguo ey gZjmahd , ijyfhc nhjf_ g_ hibkuZ_ -fuo mjZg_gbyfb gZklhys_h klZgZjlZ , hegu ulv hij_e_gu ih djbl_jbyf , aZZgguf 1.5.5 Pbdebq_kdZy gZjmadZPbdebq_kdmx gZjmadm mqbluZxl , _keb dhl_
9、e jZkkqblZg he_ q_f gZ 500 pbdeh ohehguo imkdh .Ijb pbdebq_kdbo gZjmadZo maeh pbebgjbq_kdhc beb kn_jbq_kdhc nhjfu k hl_jklbyfb jZkq_l himklb -fhc kdhjhklb baf_g_gby l_fi_jZlmju Vtijhhyl ih nhjfme_ :VHff pdnsZtcmms s=550 0 522/,minmin(5.5-1)_ jk fZdkbfZevgh_ jZhq_ Ze_gb_ ;dm kj_gbc bZf_lj hhehqdb ;sm
10、in fbgbfZevgZy lhesbgZ kl_gdb ;ns= 2, _keb hhehqdZ pbebgjbq_kdZy , beb ns= 4, _keb hhehqdZ kn_jbq_kdZy ;m= 4 beb , _keb uauZ_l khfg_gb_ agZq_gb_ gZ ij_f_l baebrg_h aZiZkZ , lhqgmx _ebqbgm ke_m -_l hij_eylv ih jZnbdm jbkmgdZ 13.4-5 beb jbkmgdZ 13.4-7;Z = 2 Dff4/(G k ), _keb fZl_jbZe n_jjblgZy klZev ,
11、bebZ = 1 Dff4/(G k ), _keb fZl_jbZe Zmkl_gblgZy b fZjl_gkblgZy klZev , beb()ZKKEatt=051,/,pbe /kn(5.5-2)_ Zt l_iehijhhghklv ;Dpbe(Dkn) nZdlhj nhjfu ;Dt dhwnnbpb_gl dhgp_gljZpbb l_fi_jZlmjguo gZijy_gbc ;? fhmev XgZ ; dhwnnbpb_gl ebg_cghh jZkrbj_gby .Lhqgu_ agZq_gby _ebqbg mdZaZgu ijbeh_gbb D, agZq_gb
12、_ Dpbe(Dkn) fhgh hij_eblv ih jZnbdmjbkmgdZ 13.4-6 beb 13.4-9, Z agZq_gb_ Dt ih jZnbdm gZ jbkmgd_ 13.4-8.?keb j_amevlZl wlhh jZkq_lZ f_gvr_ lj_m_fhc i_j_ohghc kdhjhklb l_fi_jZlmju ijb imkd_ beb hghljbpZl_e_g , lh ijbf_gyxl iheh_gby imgdlZ 13.4.ey dhgkljmdpbb , bkiuluZxs_c pbdebq_kdb_ gZjmadb , hkhmx
13、hiZkghklv ij_klZeyxl we_f_glu ,dhlhju_ fhml klZlv bklhqgbdZfb gZijy_gbc , kyab k q_f g_hohbfh hlke_bZlv , qlhu gZijy_gb_ jZk -ij_eyehkv hlghkbl_evgh jZghf_jgh . ey hkghguo maeh , jZhlZxsbo bZiZahg_ iheamq_klb , hegu ulv ij_mkfhlj_gu kj_klZdhgljhey iheamq_klb i_jbh wdkiemZlZpbb .5.6.2 hklmiDhl_e g_ho
14、hbfh dhgkljmbjhZlv lZd , qlhu ZjZglbjhZlv hklmi ey ijh_jdb khklhygby gmlj_g -gbo ih_joghkl_c ZjZZgZ b dhee_dlhjh . Ijh_jdm fhgh m_l ijhhblv ebh g_ihkj_kl_ggh , ebhbklZgpbhggh aZbkbfhklb hl nbabq_kdbo jZaf_jh bgki_dlbjm_fuo maeh . Lj_hZgby d hl_jklbyf b hjZ -gbq_gby gZ hl_jklby ey hklmiZ b bgki_dlbjh
15、Zgby hegu khhl_lklhZlv =HKL J 55682.5, imgdl 9.2.5.6.3 j_gZ b _glbeypbyDhl_e he_g ulv hhjmhZg kj_klZfb j_gZZ b _glbeypbb , ihaheyxsb_ ba_Zlv bjZeb -q_kdhh mZjZ b Zdmmfghh kZlby , Zxsbf hafhghklv ijhhblv bo bgki_dlbjhZgb_ bagmljb .5.7 Ijh_dlgh_ Ze_gb_ , jZkq_lgh_ Ze_gb_ b Ze_gb_ ijb bjZebq_kdbo bkiul
16、Zgbyo5.7.1 Ijh_dlgh_ Ze_gb_ ey gZkljhcdb ij_hojZgbl_evguo deZiZghey dZhc hldexqZ_fhc qZklb hhljmghh dhleZ ijh_dlgh_ Ze_gb_ jdhegh ulv , ih f_gvr_cf_j_ , jZgh fZdkbfZevghfm Ze_gbx ba qbkeZ l_o , gZ ihdZaZl_eb dhlhjuo gZkljZbZxl ij_hojZgbl_ev -guc deZiZg hldexqZ_fhc qZklb .I j b f _ q Z g b _ HldexqZ_
17、fZy qZklv wlh exhc ih_jZ_fuc _cklbx Ze_gby mqZklhd mklZghdb ,dhlhjuc fhgh bahebjhZlv hl g_ hldexqZxs_c ZjfZlmjhc .5.7.2 JZkq_lgh_ Ze_gb_HldexqZ_fZy qZklv fh_l ulv jZa_e_gZ gZ k_dpbb , ey dZhc ba dhlhjuo m_l hij_e_gZ khy_ebqbgZ jZkq_lghh Ze_gby jhb khy jZkq_lgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ tc. JZkq_l ey dZhc qZklb h
18、egu ijh -bahblv , Zabjmykv gZ hghf ba ke_mxsbo iheh_gbc :a) ey mqZkldh , jZkq_lgh_ gZijy_gb_ dhlhjuo hegu hij_eylv khhjZagh ij_em ijhqghklb gZjZaju Rmbeb fbgbfZevghfm ij_em l_dmq_klb Rp 0,2/tc, jZkq_lgh_ Ze_gb_ ke_m_l ijbgbfZlv jZgufijh_dlghfm Ze_gbx , m_ebq_gghfm h fZdkbfZevghh Ze_gby , dhlhjh_ haf
19、hgh jZhq_f j_bf_ijb jZkq_lghc l_fi_jZlmj_ . G_hohbfh hjZlblv gbfZgb_ gZ bjhklZlbq_kdh_ Ze_gb_ b i_j_iZ Z -e_gbc , kyaZgguc k bjZebq_kdbf khijhlbe_gb_f . JZagbp_c bjhklZlbq_kdhc khklZeyxs_c , f_gv -r_c beb jZghc 0,05 FIZ , fhgh ij_g_j_qv ;b) ey mqZkldh , gZ dhlhjuo jZkq_lgh_ gZijy_gb_ hij_eyxl ij_ehf
20、 iheamq_klb , jZkq_lgh_ Z -e_gb_ hegh ulv jZgh fbgbfZevghfm Ze_gbx ba qbkeZ l_o , gZ ihdZaZl_eb dhlhjuo gZkljh_gu ij_ho -jZgbl_evgu_ deZiZgu gZ uoh_ iZjhi_j_j_Zl_ey /ijhfiZjhi_j_j_Zl_ey , m_ebq_gghfm gZ ij_ev -gmx jZaghklv Ze_gbc , dhlhjZy lhevdh hafhgZ ijb fZdkbfZevgh himklbfhc g_ij_jughc gZjmad_ i
21、jbjZkq_lghc l_fi_jZlmj_ .G_hohbfh ijh_jylv lhesbgm , jZkkqblZggmx ih kihkhm b), bkihevamy ijb wlhf jZkq_lgh_ Ze_ -gb_ ih Z ) b jZkq_lgh_ gZijy_gb_ , u_ggh_ ba ij_eZ ijhqghklb gZ jZaju Rmbeb ba fbgbfZevghh5ij_eZ l_dmq_klb Rp 0,2/tc, ijb lZdhc jZkq_lghc l_fi_jZlmj_ , ijb dhlhjhc _eky jZkq_l ih b), b Z
22、evg_c -r_f ey lhesbgu ubjZlv hevr_ ba ihemq_gguo agZq_gbc .?keb Zgguo ih fbgbfZevghfm gZijy_gbx l_dmq_klb ijb he_ ukhdbo l_fi_jZlmjZo g_l , himklb -fZ ebg_cgZy wdkljZiheypby .5.7.3 JZkq_lgh_ Ze_gb_ ijb jZaghklb gmlj_gg_h b g_rg_h Ze_gbcey maeh k jZkq_lguf Ze_gb_f g_ f_g_ 1 G /ff2, ih_jZxsbfky hghj_f
23、_gghfm ha_c -klbx gmlj_gg_h b g_rg_h Ze_gbc , ijbq_f , kbem hkh_gghkl_c dhgkljmdpbb hZ bZ Ze_gbck_Z _cklmxl hghj_f_ggh , Ze_gb_ (gZijbf_j , wlh fhml ulv ih_joghklb iZjhhoeZbl_ey bebZjZZgZ dhleZ ) ey jZkq_lh ke_m_l jZlv jZguf fZdkbfZevghc ba hafhguo jZaghkl_c Ze_gbc , ghg_ f_gvrbf , q_f 1 G /ff2. Ze_
24、gb_ ijb bjZebq_kdhf bkiulZgbb5.7.4.1 Hsb_ iheh_gbyey _fhgkljZpbb ijhqghklb b p_ehklghklb hl_evguo maeh iheghklvx kfhglbjhZgghh hhljm -ghh dhleZ , Z lZd_ hlkmlklby _n_dlh beb kms_kl_gguo g_hklZldh , iheghklvx kfhglbjhZgguc hh -ljmguc dhl_e , Z lZd_ hl_evgu_ maeu , g_ bf_xsb_ bbfuo hkeZe_gbc beb _n_dl
25、h , ke_m_l ih_j -gmlv bjZebq_kdbf bkiulZgbyf ijb Ze_gbb , _ebqbgZ dhlhjhh mdZaZgZ 5.7.4.3.=bjZebq_kdb_ bkiulZgby ey kZj_gguo we_f_glh beb iheghklvx mdhfie_dlhZgghh hhljmgh -h dhleZ g_hohbfh uihegylv ihke_ aZ_jr_gby k_o kZjhqguo hi_jZpbc b l_jfbq_kdbo hjZhlhd ; wlbbkiulZgby fhgh ijhhblv lZd_ hl_evgh
26、ey ZjZZgZ dhleZ h uk_jebZgby g_f ljmguo hl_jklbc .5.7.4.2 =bjZebq_kdb_ bkiulZgby hl_evguo maeh;ZjZZgu dhleh g_hohbfh ih_jZlv bjZebq_kdbf bkiulZgbyf , mdZaZgguf 5.7.4.3, b lhevdhihke_ wlhh bo fhgh dexqZlv khklZ hhljmghh dhleZ . ?keb khjdZ k_h hhljmghh dhleZ ijhba -hblky gZ aZh_ -bahlhbl_e_ , lh ih aZ_jr_gbb khjdb Bahlhbl_ev hyaZg ih_jgmlv dhl_e bjhbk -iulZgbx gZ kh_f ij_ijbylbb ijb Ze_gbb , mdZaZgghfm 5.7.4.3.Ze_gb_ ijb b
