1、 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test Methods Adopted as Recommended Procedures 1931 Revised 2017 GPA Midstream Association Sixty Sixty American Plaza, Suite 700 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135GPA MidstreamStandard 2140-17 i DISCLAIMER GPA Midstream Association publications necessarily address prob
2、lems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by GPA Midstream to assure accuracy and reliability of the information contained in this publication. Each person who uses or refers to this publication will need to make their own decisions based on con
3、sideration of their own internal best practices, recommendations, and engineering judgment. GPA Midstream and its members do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, timeliness, or correct sequencing of such information, including without limitation, the reference material and information
4、 of the various other industry associations that may be provided herein. Use of the information provided in this publication is voluntary, and reliance on it should only be undertaken after an independent review of its accuracy, completeness, efficacy, timeliness, and consideration of the applicabil
5、ity of any local, state, and federal laws and regulations. It is not the intent of GPA Midstream to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees, or others exposed, concerning health and safety risks or precautions. Reference herein to any specific
6、 commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, service mark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by GPA Midstream. GPA Midstream makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and he
7、reby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so co
8、vered. “Copyright2017 by GPA Midstream Association. All rights reserved. No part of this Report may be reproduced without the written consent of GPA Midstream Association ii IMPACT STATEMENT Standard for Liquid Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test Methods GPA 2140 Purpose This standard encompasses
9、the specification that generally defines physical properties and characteristics for liquid petroleum gases (LP-Gas) for use in private, commercial, or industrial applications. The current revision adds the referenced testing method for sulfur ASTM D-5623 and vapor pressure ASTM D-2598. It adds a fo
10、otnote related to the vapor pressure reference method to be used in case of dispute. It also removes ASTM testing method year references and makes various editorial and spelling additions and corrections. Impact It is not expected that the changes to this Standard will have any new or further impact
11、. The user of this Standard should perform their own economic evaluation to include the use of handheld portable electronic devices as applicable. iii FOREWORD These specifications generally define physical properties and characteristics of liquefied petroleum gases (LP-Gas) which make them suitable
12、 for private, commercial, or industrial applications. These specifications do not purport to specifically define all possible requirements to meet all possible applications. Therefore the user is cautioned to exercise judgment in formulating final specifications for specific applications. The GPA Mi
13、dstream Association, its management, and supporting companies claim no specific knowledge of how manufacturers and users will produce, handle, store, transfer or consume the products defined herein and therefore, are not responsible for any claims, causes of action, liabilities, losses or expenses r
14、esulting from injury or death of persons and/or damage to property arising directly or indirectly from the use of LP-Gas or these specifications relating to LP-Gas. LP-gases are composed of hydrocarbon compounds, predominately propane and butane, produced during the processing of natural gas and als
15、o in the conventional processing of crude oil. The composition of LP-gases may vary depending on the source and the ratios of propane and butane content. They exist as gases at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures, but are readily liquefied under moderate pressures for transportation and ut
16、ilization. There are many uses for LP-gases, the major ones being as (1) petrochemical, synthetic rubber, and motor gasoline feedstocks, and as (2) commercial, domestic and industrial fuel. The following may be accepted as a general guide for the common uses for the four fuel types covered by these
17、specifications: Commercial Propane is the preferred fuel type for domestic, commercial and industrial fuels. It is also a suitable fuel for low severity internal combustion engines. Commercial Butane is used principally as feedstock for petrochemicals, synthetic rubber, and as blending stocks or fee
18、dstocks in the manufacture of motor gasolines. Its use as a fuel is generally limited to industrial applications where vaporization problems are not encountered, however, small quantifies are used as domestic fuel. Commercial Butane-Propane Mixtures cover a broad range of mixtures, which permits the
19、 tailoring of fuels or feedstocks to specific needs. Propane HD-5 is less variable in composition and combustion characteristics than other products covered by these specifications. It is also suitable as a fuel for internal combustion engines operating at moderate to high engine severity. Additiona
20、l Considerations Odorization For certain applications including, but not limited to, use of LP-gas for residential and commercial fuels, users of LP-gas should be aware of additional requirements of other standards, principally NFPA 58 “Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases“(1) and other
21、 regulations (2). NFPA 58 has been adopted widely by local, state and other regulatory bodies in the form of laws, ordinances, or regulations governing the safe storage, transportation, and use of LP-gas as fuels. iv Among other requirements, NFPA 58 (See. 1-4.1.1) stipulates that LP-gases “be odori
22、zed by the addition of a warning agent of such character that they are detectable, by a distinct odor, down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth the lower limit of flammability“. NFPA notes that “ethyl mercaptan in the ratio of 1.0 lb. per 10,000 gallon of liquid LP-Gas has been recognize
23、d as an effective odorant. However, standard practice in the propane industry is to inject 1.5 pound per 10,000 gallons of propane to provide an extra margin of safety. Other odorants and quantities meeting the requirements of 1-4.1.1 may be used. Research on odorants has shown that thiophane in a r
24、atio of at least 6.4 lbs. per 10,000 gallon of liquid LP-Gas may satisfy the requirements of 1-4.1.“. Contaminants Ammonia NFPA 58 also states that LP-gas stored or used in systems within the scope of this standard “shall not contain ammonia“. Although ammonia is not a naturally occurring contaminan
25、t of LP-gas, certain industry practices, including the dual use of transportation or storage equipment, may inadvertently result in contamination of LP-gas by ammonia. When such a possibility exists, users should test for the presence of ammonia in propane and take appropriate means to eliminate amm
26、onia from the system, since such contamination may cause stress corrosion cracking of copper bearing alloys in the distribution system. Fluorides Certain refining processes can, during process upset or malfunction, result in contamination of LP-gas by fluoride compounds. Such contamination can be ex
27、tremely destructive in the distribution and end user system. In addition, the combustion products of fluorides can cause physical damage to property and personal health. Similarly, fluorocarbons, such as certain refrigerants, can contaminate gas through dual use of storage or tankage facilities. Suc
28、h contamination is rare but, if the possibility exists, producers and users should minimize fluoride contamination by treating or otherwise taking steps to insure fluorides are at acceptable levels. Sulfur Compounds Sulfur compounds such as elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide ma
29、y be naturally occurring contaminates of natural gas from which LP-gas is derived. The Copper Strip Corrosion Test (ASTM D-1838) and the Total Sulfur Test (ASTM D-6667 that is why a copper strip test should be performed. However the copper strip test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum g
30、ases containing corrosion inhibitors or any other agents which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Methanol There is a possibility that a small amount of methanol may be present in LP-Gas. If methanol is present, ASTM D-2713, “Standard Test Method for Dryness of PropaneValve
31、Freeze Method“ is not applicable for determining the dryness of propane type products. However, the relative freeze-off times of such materials tested by this procedure can be an indication of the tendency of these products to cause freezing in pressure reducing regulators. v Residual LP-gas as prod
32、uced is normally free of residual matter, which includes those heavier hydrocarbons boiling above 100 F, including any solid foreign materials. If residuals are present as shown by ASTM D-2158, “Standard Test Method for Residues in LP-Gas“, and are in excess of the amount allowed by these specificat
33、ions, such material may cause improper operation of regulators, vaporizers, or combustion apparatus. Other Trace Constituents Trace constituents other than those mentioned above can also be present in LP-gas as a natural occurrence or from processing. These may include olefins, mercury, and arsenic.
34、 Users of LP-gas with processes that can be harmed by these constituents are advised to take appropriate precautions to prevent damage to catalysts and/or process equipment from these trace materials. (1) NFPA 58 “Storage and Handling Liquefied Petroleum Gases“National Fire Protection Association, B
35、attery-March Park, Quincy, MA 02269 (2) Code of Federal Regulations, CFR 49:173.315(b)(1) GPA MIDSTREAM LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS SPECIFICATIONS 1 Product Characteristics Commercial Propane Commercial Butane Commercial BP Mixtures Propane HD-5 Test Methods Composition Predominately propane and/or prop
36、ylene Predominately butanes and/or butylenes Predominately mixtures of butanes and/or butylenes with propane and/or propylene Not less than 90 liquid volume percent propane; not more than 5 liquid volume percent propylene ASTM -D2163 GPA 2177 or GPA 2186 (if no olefins are present) Note E Vapor Pres
37、sure at 100F, psig, max. at 37.8C, kPa, max. 208 1434 70 483 208 1434 208 1434 ASTM D1267 or D2598 Note D Volatile Residue: temperature at 95% evaporation deg. F, max. deg. C, max. or butane and heavier, liquid volume % max. pentane and heavier, liquid volume %. max -37 -38.3 2.5 - 36 2.2 - 2.0 36 2
38、.2 - 2.0 -37 -38.3 2.5 - ASTM D1837 ASTM D1837 ASTM D2163 ASTM D2163 Residual matter: residue on evaporation of 100 ml, max oil stain observation 0.05 ml pass (1) - - - - 0.05 ml pass (1) ASTM D2158 ASTM D2158 Corrosion, copper strip, max. No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 ASTM D1838 (Note A) Total volatile s
39、ulfur, ppmw 185 140 140 123 ASTM D6667 ASTM D5623 GPA 2199 (Note B) Moisture content. pass - - pass ASTM D-2713 Free water content - None None - Note C (1) An acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper in 0.1 increments
40、and examined in daylight after 2 minutes as described in ASTM D2158. Note A: This method may not accurately determine the corrosivity of the LPG if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of
41、 such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test is prohibited. Note B: Be advised that the total volatile sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used for odorization purposes, but do not include elemental sulfur. Elemental sulfur is not normally present; but if it
42、 is present, the sample will fail the corrosion test method. Note C: Visual based on sight glass in filter/Karl Fischer or equivalent. Note D: In case of dispute, ASTM D1267 is the reference method for vapor pressure. Note E: GPA 2177 and GPA 2186 are suitable methods when the fluid does not contain
43、 olefins. 2 GPA Midstream Standard 2140 History (Adoption and Revisions) 1931 Adopted as Recommended Procedures 1940 Revised 1947 Revised 1948 Revised 1951 Revised 1955 Revised 1957 Revised 1959 Revised 1960 Revised 1962 Revised 1968 Revised 1970 Revised 1973 Revised 1975 Revised 1977 Revised 1980 Revised 1984 Revised 1986 Revised 1988 Revised 1990 Revised 1992 Revised 1996 Revised 1997 Revised 1998 Reaffirmed 2000 - Reaffirmed 2017 Revised
