1、DOC 6920-AN/855/4 MANUAL OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Fourth Edition - 1970 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo
2、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders should be se
3、nt to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance (by bank draft, cheque or money order) in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Credit card orders (American Express, MasterCard and Visa) are accepted at ICAO Headquarters. Internation
4、al Civil Aviation Organization. Attention: Document Sales Unit 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 Telephone: +1 (514) 954-8022; Facsimile: +i (514) 954-6769; Sitatex: YULADYA; E-mail: sales-uniticao.int Egypt. ICAO Regional Director, Middle East Office, Egyptian Civil Aviation C
5、omplex, Cairo Airport Road, Heliopolis, Cairo 11776 Telephone: +20 (2) 267-4840; Facsimile: +20 (2) 267-4843; Sitatex: CAICAYA 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine (Cedex) Tlphone: +33 (i) 46 41 85 85; Tlcopieur: +33 (1) 46 41 85 00; Sitatex: PAREUYA or i7 Park Street, Calcutta 700016 Telephone: +91 (li) 331-589
6、6; Facsimile: +91 (il) 332-2639 Telephone: +81 (3) 3503-2686; Facsimile: +81 (3) 3503-2689 P.O. Box 46294, Nairobi Telephone: +254 (2) 622-395; Facsimile: +254 (2) 226-706; Sitatex: NBOCAYA Masaryk No. 29-3er. piso, Col. Chapultepec Morales, Mxico, D.F., 11570 Telfono: +52 (55) 52 50 32 li; Facsimil
7、e: +52 (55) 52 03 27 57; Sitatex: MEXCAYA Nigeria. Landover Company, P.O. Box 3165, Ikeja, Lagos Telephone: +234 (1) 4979780; Facsimile: +234 (i) 4979788; Sitatex: LOSLORK Peru. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Sudamrica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100 Telfono: +51 (i) 302260; Facsimile: +51 (i) 64039
8、3; Sitatex: LIMCAYA Russian Federation. Aviaizdat, 48, 1. Franko Street, Moscow 121351 Telephone: +7 (095) 417-0405; Facsimile: +7 (095) 417-0254 Senegal. Directeur rgional de IOACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Boite postale 2356. Dakar Tlphone: +221 8-23-54-52; Tlcopieur: +221 8-23-69-2
9、6; Sitatex: DKRCAYA Slovukio. AU Traffic Services of the Slovak Republic, Letov prevdzkov sluzby Slovenskej Republiky, State Enterprise, Letisko M.R. Stefnika, 823 07 Bratislava 21, Slovak Republic Telephone: 421 (7) 4857 11 Il ; Facsimile: +421 (7) 4857 2105 Telephone: +27 (1 1) 315-0003/4; Facsimi
10、le: +27 (1 1) 805-3649; E-mail: Planta Tercera, Despacho 3. 1 i, 28027 Madrid Telfono: +34 (91) 321-3148; Facsimile: +34 (91) 321-3157; Correo electrnico: sscc.ventasoaciaena.es Thailand. ICAO Regional Director, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box i 1, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangkok 10901 Telephone: +66 (2
11、) 537-8189; Facsimile: +66 (2) 537-8199; Sitatex: BKKCAYA Vnired Kingdom. Airplan Flight Equipment Ltd. (AFE), la Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 SLH Telephone: +44 161 499 0023; Facsimile: +44 161 499 0298; E-mail: ; World Wide Web: http:/ Frunce. Directeur rgional de IOACI,
12、 Bureau Europe et Atlantique Nord, 3 bis, villa kmile-Bergerat, India. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi 110001 Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, i -chorne, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo Kenya. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, U
13、nited Nations Accommodation, Mexico. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Norteamrica, Centroamrica y Caribe, South Africa. Avex Air Training (Pty) Ltd., Private Bag X102, Halfway House, 1685, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa Spain. A.E.N.A. - Aeropuertos Espaoles y Navegacin Area, Calle Juan
14、 Ignacio Luca de Tena, 14, 1IM Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements
15、, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-DOC 6920-AN/855/4 MANUAL OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION F
16、ourth Edition - 1970 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
17、-,-AMENDMENTS No. The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICA0 Journal and in the monthly Supplements. to the Catalogue of ICA0 Publications and Audio Visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. These amendments are available free upon request. Date Entered
18、by Entered by 15/12/71 24/2/72 ICAO 3 4 16/4/73 ICAO 30/8/74 ICAO 5 6 15/7/76 ICAO 10/9/76 ICAO I 9 I 18/6/78 ,I ICAO I 7 8 30/5/77 ICAO 30/3/7a ICAO 10 11 1711 0186 ICAO 7/7/93 ICAO (ii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo repr
19、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-MANUAL. OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page mmvom ix) PART I. - GENERAL CONSLC ?ATIONS AND NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS CHAP!ER 1. - PURPOSE OF THE INQUIRY . . . . . 1-1-1 CHAPTER 2. - NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS 2.1 Genera
20、l .*. 1-2-1 2.2 Notification of National Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2-1 2.3 Responsibility of the State of Occurrence . . . . . . . . . 1-24? 2.4 Format and Content of the Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2-2 2.5 Forwarding of the Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2-4 2.6 Arran
21、gement for Prompt Delivery of the Notification . . . . . 1-2-4 2.7 Responsibility of the States Receiving the Notification . . . 1-2-4 PART II. - ORGANIZATION OF TKF: INVESTIGATION CHARER 1. - TIE INVESTIGATOR 0 . . . . . 0 . 11-1-1 1.1 kiualities of the Investigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
22、-1-1 1.2 Investigators Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1-2 1.3 Liaison with Other National Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1-4 1.4 Removal of Disabled Aircraft: Pre-planning . . . . . . . . . 11-1-5 CHAPTER 2. - SIZE AND SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION . 11-2-1 2.1 General . 11-2-
23、1 2.2 The Investigator-in-Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2-2 2.3 The Group Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2-3 2.4 me Accredited Representative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2-6 2.5 Specialist Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2-7 iii)
24、Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,- iv) Manual of Aircraft Accident Investigation Page PART III . . THE INVESTIGATION CHAPTER 1 . . INITIAL ACTION AT SCENE OF THE
25、ACCIDENT . . b . . 1.1 General . 1.2 Rescue Operations 1.3 Guarding 1.4 General Survey of the iireckage . 1.5 Preservation of the Evidence 1.6 Precautionary Measures . CHAPTER 2 INITIATION OF THE WRECKAGE INVESTIGATION . .!. 1 Accident Location 2.2 Photography . 2.3 Wreckage Distribution Chart . 2.4
26、 Examination of Impact Marks and Debris . 2.5 Wrehkage in the Water CHAPTER 3 OPERATIONSENVESTIGATION . 3.1 General . 3.2 Creu Histories . 3.3 Flight Planning . 3.4 Weight and Balance . 3.5 Weather 3.6 Air Traffic Services . 3.7 Communications . 3.8 Navigation . 3.9 Aerodrome Facilities 3.10 Aircraf
27、t Performance 3.11 Compliance with Instructions 3.12 Witness Statements . 3.13 Final Flight Path Determination . 3.14 Sequence of Flight . 111-1-1 111-1-1 111-1-2 111-1-2 111-1-3 1 11-14 111-1-4 111-2- 1 111-2-1 111-2-1 111-2-2 1 1 I- 2-3 12-4 II- 111-3-1 111-3-1 111-3- 1 111-3-4 13-4 II- 111-3-5 11
28、1-3-7 111-3-8 1 II- 3- 11 111-3- 16 111-3-18 111-3- 20 111-3-2 1 1 II- 3- 24 111-3-24 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Table of Contents (VI CHAPTER 4 FLIGHT REC
29、ORDERS . 4.1 General . 4.2 Flight Data Recorders 4.3 Cockpit Voice Recorders . CHAPTER 5 STRUCTURES INVESTIGATION . 5.1 Reconstruction of Wreckage . 5.2 Types of Material Failure 5.3 Examination of the Airframe including Undercarriage and Flight Controls 5.4 Recognition of Fatigue Failures . 5.5 Rec
30、ognition of Static Failures . 5.6 Sequence of Failure . 5.7 Modes of Load Application 5.8 Specialist Examinations . 5.9 Fractography . CHAPTER 6 PUWERPLANT 1NVESTIGATION . 6.1 General . 6.2 Evidence Available from Propeller Examination 6.3 Operational Capabilities of Engine at Impact 6.4 Effectivene
31、ss of Fire Extinguisher Systems . 6.5 Taking of Samples 6.6 Specialist Examinations . CHAPTER 7 SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION 7.1 General . 7.2 Hydraulic Systems 7.3 Electrical Systems . 7.4 Pressurization and Air Conditioning Systems . 7-5 Ice and Rain Protection Systems . 7.6 Instruments . 7.7 Radio Commu
32、nication and Radio Navigation Equipment . Page 111-4-1 111-4-1 111-4-1 TI 1-4- 9 111-5- 1 111-5-1 15-9 II- 111-5-12 111-5-19 111-5- 22 111-5-25 111-5-26 TIT-5-28 111-5-29 111-6-1 111-6-1 1 1 I- 6- 4 II 1-6- 11 111-6- 16 III- 6-16 111-6- 17 111-7- 1 111-7-1 111-7-2 III- 7-4 111-7-8 17-9 II- 1 1 I- 7-
33、 10 111-7-12 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-(vi) Manual of Aircraft Accident Investigation 7.8 Flight Control System 7.9 Fire Detection and Protection Systems
34、. 7.10 Oxygen Systems . CHAPTER 8 MAINTENANCE INVESTIGATION 8.1 General . 8.2 Large Transport Aircraft 8.3 Small Aircraft . 8.4 Investigation Co-ordination . CHAPTER 9 HUMAN FACTORS INVESTIGATION . 9.1 General . 9.2 Contribution of the Human Factors Investigation . 9.3 Briefing the Pathologist 9.4 T
35、asks at the Accident Site . 9.5 Tasks at the Mortuary 9.6 Evidence to be Derived from t!ie Pathological Examination . . 9.7 Release of Human Remains and Personal Property . 9.8 The Survived Accide1.t: 9.9 Other Aspects of the Human Factors Invecfization 9.10 Summary . CHAPTER 10.- EVACUATION. SEARCH
36、. RESCUE AND FIRE FIC;tITlN(I lNVESTIGA.IIO?J 10.1 General . 10.2 Evacuation Operations 10.3 Search Operations 10.4 Rescue Operations 10.5 Fire Fighting Operations CHAPTER 11.- INVESTIGATION OF EXPLOSIVES SABOTAGE . 11.1 General . 11.2 Investigators Evidence . 11.3 Metallurgical Evidence 11.4 Struct
37、ure and Composition of Fragments 11.5 Chemistry and Materials Assessment i II- 7- 14 111-7- 15 111-7-15 111-8-1 111-8- 1 111-8-2 111-8-2 111-8-2 111-9-3 111-9-3 111-9-5 111-9-6 111-9-7 III-9-10 TIT-9-15 111-9-18 1 II -9-1 9 I i 1-9- 19 1 . 1 1-9- 2 1 1 II- 1.0- 1 III-10-1 111-10-1 111-10-4 111-10-4
38、II 1-19-5 III-11-1 111-11-1 111-11-1 111-11-5 111-11-7 111-11-8 1816 / 78 No . 9 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Table of Contents (vii) Page PART IV . . REPORT
39、iIIG OF OCCURRENCES - CHAFIER 1 GENERAL . IV-1-1 1.1 Reports . IV-1-1 1.2 The ADREP Reports IV-1-1 1.3 The Narrative Reports IV-1-2 1.4 Reporting Accuracy . IV-1-2 CHAPTER 2 THF: PRELIMTNAHY REIORT IV-2-1 CHAFTER 3 ACCIDENT/INCIDENT DATA REPORT m-3-1 3.1 Accident Data Report IV-3-1 3.2 Incident Data
40、 Report IV-3-1 3.3 Constraints on Incident Data Report . IV-3-2 IV-4-1 4.1 General . Iv-4-1 4.2 Group Reports IV-4-1 4.3 Report of the Investigator-in-Charge IV-4-2 4.1, Final Report . IV-4-3 5.1 Purpose of the Summary . IV-5-1 CHAFTER 4 THE FINAL REPORT . YHAPTTR 5 . . SUMMARY OF THE FINAL REPORT .
41、 . . . o IV-5-1 5.2 Type of Accidents for which a Summary is Required IV-5-1 5.3 Format . IV-5-1 5.4 Precautions to be Taken when Preparing the Summary . IV-5-2 5.5 Addressee of the Summary . IV-5-2 PA2T V . . ACCIDENT PREVENTION CHAPTER1 . -GENEML . . . . e. rn v-1-1 CHAPTER 2 STUDY OF INCILIENTS v
42、-2-1 CHAPTER 3 SAFETY PUBLICATIONS . v-3-1 ICHAPTER 4 ENGINEERING ASPECTS V-4-1 18/6/78 No . 9 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-(viii) Manual of Aircraft Acciden
43、t Investigation APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS APPENDIX 2 PHOTOGRAPHY APPENDIX 3 FLIGHT RECORDERS: TYPE IN USE . (See also Appendix 13) APPENDIX 4 FLIGHT RECORDERS: EXAMPLES OF READ-OUT (See also Appendix 13) APPENDIX 5 EXAMPLES OF FRACTURE ANALYSIS APPENDIX 6 EXAMPLES OF SEQUENCE OF
44、FAILURE INVESTIGATION APPENDIX 7; . EXAMPLES OF ELECTRICAId SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION . APPENDIX 8 AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE APPENDIX 9 IDENTIFICATION OF VI.CTIMS APPENDIX 10 IN-FLIGHT BREAKUP APPENDIX 11 MID-AIR COLLISION ANALYSIS . APPENDIX 12 FIRE INVESTIGATION . APPENDIX 13 . . STATES FLIGHT RECOR
45、DER PLAYBACK FACILITIES AND TECHNIQUES APPENDIX 14 ACCIDENT REPORT FORMS APPENDIX 15 CONVERSION TABLES AND DIAGRAMS . APPENDIX 16 ADDRESSES OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AUTHOKITIES APPENDIX 17 . . LIST OF NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS REIATING TO AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION . APPENDIX 18 . . SELECT
46、ION AND TRAINING OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATORS AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATOR COURSES AVAILABLE IN STATES APPENDIX 19 . . EXPERT ASSISTANCE AND FACILITITES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR ACCIDENTS . Page 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 7-1 8-1 9-1 10-1 11-1 12-1 13-1 14-1 15-1 16-1 17-1 18-1 19-
47、1 3013178 No . 8 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-The Manual of Aircraft Accident Investigation was first produced in 1949 and was widely accepted throughout the
48、 aviation industry. in 1951 to meet a continuing demand and apart from minor revisions and additions, repeated the text of the first edition. completely reviewed to update the information to keep abreast of the current technological knowledge. A second edition was published When the third edition was produced in 1959, the text was Arising from the Third Session of the Accident Investigation Division, Montreal, January 1965, it was recommended that the Manual of Aircraft Accident Investiga- tion be revised to include guidance to assist the investigation of accidents invol
