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17、ally, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviati
18、on Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9688 AN1952 Manual on Mode S Specific Services Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Second Edition - 2004 I n t e rn at i on a
19、I C iv i I Av i at i on O rg a n i zat i o n Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and
20、 in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA CORRIGENDA I I Date I Date 1 1 No. 1 of issue I ente
21、red 1 Entered Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD Mode S secondary surveillance radar (SSR) was standard- ized in ICAO Annex 10 in 1985. Mode S has a dat
22、a link capability which can only be taken advantage of when the Mode S subnetwork standards are supplemented with infor- mation on the applications that will use the data link. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance material on the detailed technical material on Mode S specific services c
23、ontained in Annex 10 Volume III, Appendix to Chapter 5. The material in that appendix includes the definition of message formats and the detailed specification of algorithms used to format these messages, as well as requirements for the implementation of Mode S specific services including, inter ali
24、a, enhanced surveillance, dataflash and extended squitter. In addition, this manual will eventually contain both requirements and guidance material for Mode S specific services which are under development. Any references to this manual should be interpreted as also refening to Annex 10 Volume III, A
25、ppendix to Chapter 5 for the Mode S specific services that are standardized. Corrections or changes to existing material in this docu- ment require the approval of the relevant Working Group of the Panel responsible for secondary surveillance radar and collision avoidance systems. Once approved thro
26、ugh the above procedures, changes or new material will be incorporated into this manual by the ICAO Secretariat. Comments on this manual would be appreciated from all parties concemed with the development of data link appli- cations considered to be suitable for use across the Mode S subnetwork via
27、the Mode S specific services. The comments should be addressed to: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organisation 999 University Street Montral, Quebec Canada H3C 5H7 (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo re
28、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Glossary . (vi9 Acronyms (ix) Chapter 1 . Introduction 1-1 1.1 General . 1-1 1.2 Mode S specific services . 1-1 1.3 Reference documents 1-2 Chapter 2 . Guidance for standardized Mode S specific services 2-1 2
29、.1 Data formats for transponder registers 2-1 2.1.1 Transponder register allocation 2-1 2.1.2 General conventions on data formats Validity of data . 2-1 Representation of numerical data 2-1 Reserved fields . 2-2 2.1.3 Data sources for transponder registers 2-2 register formatting 2-2 Transponder reg
30、ister 2016 . 2-2 Transponder register 4016 on Airbus aircraft 2-2 Transponder register 4016 on Boeing 747-400, 757 and 767 aircraft . 2-4 Compact position reporting (CPR) 2 .i . 4 Guidance material for transponder technique. . 2-4 2.2 Guidance material for application 2-7 2.2.1 Dataflash . 2-7 2.2.2
31、 Traffic Information Services (TIS) . 2-11 2.2.3 Extended squitter . 2-11 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GLOSSARY Air-initiated Comm-B (AICB) protocol. A pro
32、cedure initiated by a Mode S aircraft installation for delivering a Com-B message to the ground. Aircrafl. The term aircraft may be used to refer to Mode S emitters (e.g. aircrafthehicles), where appropriate. Aircrafl data link processor (ADLP). An aircraft-resident processor that is specific to a p
33、articular air-ground data link (e.g. Mode S) and which provides channel management, and segments andor reassembles messages for transfer. It is connected to one side of aircraft elements common to all data link systems and on the other side to the air-ground link itself. Aircrafl address. A unique c
34、ombination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of air- ground communications, navigation and surveillance. AircraflJVehicle. May be used to describe either a machine or device capable of atmospheric flight, or a vehicle on the airport surface movement area (i.e. runway
35、s and taxiways). BDS Comm-B Data Selector. The 8-bit BDS code deter- mines the transponder register whose contents are to be transferred in the MB field of a Comm-B reply. It is ex- pressed in two groups of 4 bits each, BDS1 (most Sig- nificant 4 bits) and BDS2 (least significant 4 bits). Broadcast.
36、 The protocol within the Mode S system that permits uplink messages to be sent to all aircraft in the coverage area, and downlink messages to be made available to all interrogators that have the aircraft wish- ing to send the message under surveillance. Capability Report. Information identifjmg whet
37、her the transponder has a data link capability as reported in the capability (CA) field of an all-call reply or squitter transmission (see Data link capability report). Cose-out. A command from a Mode S interrogator that terminates a Mode S link layer communications transaction. Comm-A. A 112-bit in
38、terrogation containing the 56-bit MA message field. This field is used by the uplink standard length message (SLM) and broadcast protocols. Comm-B. A 112-bit reply containing the 56-bit MB message field. This field is used by the downlink SLM, ground-initiated and broadcast protocols. Comm-C. A 112-
39、bit interrogation containing the 80-bit MC message field. This field is used by the uplink extended length message (ELM) protocol. Comm-D. A 112-bit reply containing the 80-bit MD message field. This field is used by the downlink ELM protocol. Data link capability report. Information in a Comm-B rep
40、ly identifiing the complete Mode S communication capabilities of the aircraft installation. Downlink. A term referring to the transmission of data from an aircraft to the ground. Mode S air-to-ground signals are transmitted on the 1090 MHz reply frequency channel. Frame. The basic unit of data trans
41、fer at the link level. A frame can include from one to four Comm-A or Comm-B segments, from two to sixteen Com-C segments, or from one to sixteen Comm-D segments. General FormatterManager (GFM). The aircraft function responsible for formatting messages to be inserted in the transponder registers. It
42、 is also responsible for detecting and handling error conditions such as the loss of input data. Ground Daia Link Processor (GDLP). A ground-resident processor that is specific to a particular air-ground data link (e.g. Mode S) and which provides channel man- agement, and segments andor reassembles
43、messages for transfer. It is connected on one side (by means of its data circuit terminating equipment (DCE) to ground elements common to all data link systems, and on the other side to the air-ground link itself. (vi) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license
44、 with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(viii) Manual on Mode S Specific Services Ground-initiated Comm-B (GiCB). The ground-initiated Comm-B protocol allows the interrogator to extract Comm-B replies containing data from one of the 255 transponde
45、r registers within the transponder in the MB field of the reply. Ground-initiated protocol. A procedure initiated by a Mode S interrogator for delivering standard length (via Comm-A) or extended length (via Comm-C) messages to a Mode S aircraft installation. Mode S broadcast protocols. Procedures al
46、lowing standard length uplink or downlink messages to be received by more than one transponder or ground interrogator, respectively. Mode S packet. A packet conforming to the Mode S sub- network standard, designed to minimize the bandwidth required from the air-ground link. IS0 8208 packets may be t
47、ransformed into Mode S packets and vice versa. Mode S Specific Protocol (MSP). A protocol that provides a restricted datagram service within the Mode S sub- network. Mode S specific services. A set of communication services provided by the Mode S system which are not available from other air-ground
48、subnetworks and therefore not interoperable. Packet. The basic unit of data transfer among communi- cations devices within the network layer (e.g. an IS0 8208 packet or a Mode S packet). Required Navigation Performance (RNP). A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace. Segment. A portion of a message that can be accommodated within a single MA/MB field in the case of an SLM, or a single MCMD field in the case of an ELM. This term is also applied to the Mode S transmissi
