1、 BLU MANUALManual on loading and unloading of solid bulk cargoesfor terminal representatives2008 EditionBINTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATIONLondon, 2008First published in 2008 by theINTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SRPrinted in the United Kingdom by MPG Books24681097
2、531ISBN 978-92-801-1492-8IMO PUBLICATIONSales number: I267ECopyright # International Maritime Organization 2008All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any formor by any means without prior permission in writingfrom the Internat
3、ional Maritime Organization.Foreword1 In response to the continuing loss of ships carrying solid bulkcargoes sometimes without trace and with heavy loss of life the Code ofSafe Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLUCode) was developed by IMO as one of a number of measures
4、to enhancethe operational and structural safety of bulk carriers. It was adopted as arecommendatory instrument by the International Maritime OrganizationsAssembly at its twentieth session in November 1997.2 Possible stress and damage imposed by cargo handling throughoutthe life of a ship was conside
5、red to be a possible contributory cause ofstructural failure of bulk carriers leading to casualties and losses. Thepurpose of the BLU Code, therefore, is to provide guidance to shipmasters of bulk carriers, terminal operators and other parties for the safehandling, loading and unloading of solid bul
6、k cargoes.3 To augment the BLU Code, the Manual on loading and unloadingof solid bulk cargoes for terminal representatives (BLU Manual) isintended to provide more detailed guidance to Terminal Representatives(as defined in the BLU Code) and others involved in the handling of solidbulk cargoes; inclu
7、ding those responsible for the training of personnel.4 It should be noted that in this Manual, a reference to an appendix isa reference to an appendix in the BLU Code and a reference to an annex isto an annex in this Manual.5 Further guidance on the safe loading and unloading of solid bulkcargoes is
8、 contained in the following publications:Bulk Carriers, Handle with Care, IACS Ltd. 1998, 36 Broadway, LondonSW1H 0BH, United Kingdom,Tel: +44 (0)207 976 0660, Fax: +44 (0)207 808 1100E-mail: permseciacs.org.ukWebsite: http:/www.iacs.org.ukThe Loading and Unloading of Solid Bulk Cargoes, ICHCA Inter
9、nationalLtd., Suite 2, 85 Western Road, Romford, Essex, RM1 3LS, UnitedKingdomTel: +44 (0)1708 735 295, Fax: +44 (0)1708 735 225E-mail: infoichcainternational.co.ukiiiContentsPageIntroduction 1Section 1 Definitions. . 3Section 2 Suitability of ships and terminals. . . 5Section 3 Procedures between s
10、hip and shore prior to theships arrival. 11Section 4 Procedures between the ship and the terminalprior to cargo loading/unloading. . . 19Section 5 Cargo loading and handling of ballast . . . 27Section 6 Unloading cargo and handling of ballast. . 31Annex 1 Pre-arrival ship/shore exchange of informati
11、on. . . . 39Annex 2 Avoidance of damage during cargo handling . . . . . 45Annex 3 Repair of damage incurred during loadingand unloading . . . . 51Annex 4 Training of terminal personnel involved in loadingand/or unloading bulk carriers . 55Annex 5 Hazards. 57Annex 6 Emergency procedures . . 61vIntrod
12、uction1 The BLU Code applies to the loading and unloading of solid bulkcargoes, to or from bulk carriers of more than 500 gross tonnage. TheBLU Code does not apply to ships which are not bulk carriers, bydefinition, and ships which are being loaded or unloaded using shipboardequipment only.2 The gui
13、dance in this Manual is intended to complement the BLUCode by providing guidance on good practice, regardless of ship size,terminal capacity or cargo quantity. This should assist terminal repre-sentatives to implement the Code.3 Although this Manual is written primarily in the context of theoperatio
14、n of major bulk terminals operating ship loaders and unloaders,smaller bulk facilities and non specialist terminals may also load and/orunload solid bulk cargoes by grabs, conveyors, chutes or even directlyfrom vehicles etc. Not all the guidance in the Manual may be appropriateto such smaller termin
15、als and facilities and the ships they serve but thegeneral principles should still apply and be followed.4 The guidance in this Manual is intended primarily to assistTerminal Representatives to understand the key issues to be dealt with atthe interface between the ship and the terminal. It should al
16、so assistrelevant ships personnel to understand the issues involved from theterminals perspective.5 It should be noted that in this Manual, a reference to an appendix isa reference to an appendix in the BLU Code and a reference to an annex isto an annex in this Manual.6 In the event of a conflict be
17、tween the Code of Safe Practice forSolid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code) and the International Code for the SafeCarriage of Grain in Bulk (International Grain Code), the provisions of theInternational Grain Code should prevail.Layout of guidelinesThe text with the grey bar contains the specific language of t
18、he BLU Codeand that without the grey bar contains the guidelines for the terminalrepresentative.1DefinitionsDefinitions contained in the BLU Code are on page 3. In addition, thefollowing definitions refer to a number of other expressions used in theseguidelines.BLU Code means the Code of Practice fo
19、r the Safe Loading andUnloading of Bulk Carriers, as contained in the annex to IMO Assemblyresolution A.862(20) of 27 November 1997.Bulk carrier means a ship which is constructed generally with single deck,top-side tanks and hopper side tanks in cargo spaces, and is intendedprimarily to carry dry ca
20、rgo in bulk, and includes such types as ore carriersand combination carriers.*Cargo air draught means the distance from the surface of the water to thelowest point of the loader or unloader when in a fully raised position.Dry or solid bulk cargo means any material, other than liquid or gas,consistin
21、g of a combination of particles, granules, or any larger pieces ofmaterial, generally uniform in composition, which is loaded directly intothe cargo spaces of a ship without any intermediate form of containment.Terminal means any fixed, floating or mobile facility equipped and used forthe loading an
22、d/or unloading of bulk cargo. The term includes that part ofa dock, pier, berth, jetty, quay, wharf or similar structure at which a shipmay tie up.Shipper/receiver means any person in whose name or on whose behalf acontract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded, or on whosebehalf the goods
23、are delivered to or received from the ship in relation tothe contract of carriage by sea.Stowage factor is the number of cubic metres which one tonne of thematerial will occupy.*Refer to resolution MSC.79(70) relating to interpretation of provisions of SOLASchapter XII on additional safety measures
24、for bulk carriers.2BLU ManualSection 1DefinitionsBLU Code1.1 Air draught means the vertical distance from the surface ofthe water to the highest point of mast or aerial.1.2 Combination carriers (OBO or O/O) means a ship whosedesign is similar to a conventional bulk carrier but is equippedwith pipeli
25、nes, pumps and inert gas plant so as to enable thecarriage of oil cargoes in designated spaces.1.3 Conveyor system means the entire system for deliveringcargo from the shore stockpile or receiving point to the ship.1.4 Hot work means the use of open fires and flames, powertools or hot rivets, grindi
26、ng, soldering, burning, cutting, weldingor any other repair work involving heat or creating sparks whichmay lead to a hazard because of the presence or proximity offlammable atmosphere.1.5 List indication lights means lights, visible from the deck,which light up to show that a ship is listing.1.6 Ma
27、ster means the master of the ship or a ships officerdesignated by the master.1.6 Standard shipping industry practise is that the Chief Officer (FirstMate) is the designated officer in charge of cargo operations, and is theperson with whom the terminal representative will normally liaise.1.7 Pour mea
28、ns the quantity of cargo poured through onehatch opening as one step in the loading plan, i.e. from the timethe spout is positioned over a hatch opening until it is moved toanother hatch opening.1.8 Terminal representative means a person appointed by theterminal or other facility where the ship is l
29、oading or unloading,who has responsibility for operations conducted by that terminalor facility with regard to the particular ship.31.8 For reasons of practicality it is accepted that the role of terminalrepresentative cannot be limited to one person throughout the entireloading or unloading period,
30、 and that provision must be made for shiftpatterns and compliance with hours of work agreements and regulations.1.9 Trimming (loading cargo) is the partial or total levelling ofthe cargo within the holds, by means of loading spouts or chutes,portable machinery, equipment or manual labour.1.10 Trimmi
31、ng (unloading cargo) is the shovelling or sweeping upof smaller quantities of the cargo in the holds by mechanicalmeans (such as bulldozers) or other means to place them in aconvenient position for discharge.1.11 Trimming (ship) is the adding, removal or shifting of weightin a ship to achieve the re
32、quired forward and aft draughts.4BLU ManualSection 2Suitability of ships andterminals2.1 General2.1.1 Allshipsnominatedforloadingshouldholdtheappropriate valid statutory certification including, if required,the document of compliance*for ships carrying solid dangerousgoods in bulk. It is recommended
33、 that the period of validity of theships certificates be sufficient to remain valid during loading,voyage and unloading times, plus a reserve to allow for delays inberthing, inclement weather or both.2.1.2 The shipowner, manager or operator, when offering aship for a particular cargo or service, sho
34、uld ensure that the ship: is maintained in a sound, seaworthy condition; has on board a competent crew; has on board at least one officer proficient in thelanguages used at both the loading and unloadingports, or has an officer available who is proficient inthe English language; and is free of defec
35、ts that may prejudice the ships safenavigation, loading or unloading.2.1.2 Terminals should determine the suitability of a ship for compat-ibility with both loading and/or unloading terminal infrastructure asappropriate.2.1.3 It is essential that a ship selected to transport a solid bulkcargo be sui
36、table for its intended purpose taking into account theterminals at which it will load or unload.2.1.3 It is important that the terminal operator keeps its relevantcustomers informed of current terminal standards, limitations and*Applicable to ships constructed on or after 1 September 1984.5operating
37、 conditions in terms of any changes to relevant navigationalconditions, water depths, loading/unloading equipment and rates.2.1.4 The charterer and shipper when accepting a ship for aparticular cargo or service should ensure that the ship: is suitable for access to the planned loading orunloading fa
38、cilities; and does not have cargo handling equipment whichwould inhibit the safety of the loading and unloadingoperations.2.1.4 In addition to the checks carried out by the charterer and/orshipper and/or receiver, the terminal operator should take reasonable stepsto assure that all bulk carriers nom
39、inated for loading/unloading at theterminal are operationally suitable in all respects for the purpose.The following checks are examples of the type of checks that may becarried out:.1 Check appropriate sources of information to confirm that shipmeets berth maximum and minimum size limits. Length ov
40、erall/beam/draft. Number of holds. Hatch lengths and widths. Compare dimensions with themost suitable hatch openings on the basis of the terminalsown experience. If hatches are less than the preferred size,loader/unloader operators should be informed and appro-priate precautions taken. Gearless/gear
41、ed/gear type. Location of gear. Working length from forward end of No.1 hold to aft endof aft hold. Any equipment, design details or performance limitationsthat could affect the safety or efficiency of the operation.2 The ships owner, master or agent and the terminalrepresentative should exchange pr
42、e-arrival ship/shore informa-tion, as per the examples in annex 1.2.2 Ships2.2.1 Ships nominated for bulk loading should be suitable forthe intended cargo. Suitable ships should be:.1 weathertight, and efficient in all respects for thenormal perils of the sea and the intended voyage;6BLU Manual.2 pr
43、ovided with an approved stability and loadingbooklet written in a language understood by theships officers concerned and using standard expres-sions and abbreviations. If the language is neitherEnglish, nor French, nor Spanish, a translation intoone of these languages should be included;.3 provided
44、with hatch openings of sufficient size toenable the cargo to be loaded, stowed and unloadedsatisfactorily; and.4 provided with the hatch identification numbers usedin the loading manual and loading or unloading plan.The location, size and colour of these numbersshould be chosen so that they are clea
45、rly visible totheoperatoroftheloadingorunloadingequipment.2.2.1 The ship should ensure the hatches are adequately identified.2.2.2 It is recommended that all ships which are required tocarry out stress calculations should have on board an approvedloading instrument for the rapid calculation of such
46、stresses.2.2.3 All propulsion and auxiliary machinery should be in goodfunctional order. Deck equipment related to mooring andberthing operations, including anchors, cables, mooring lines,hawsers and winches, should be operable and in good order andcondition.2.2.4 All hatches, hatch operating system
47、s and safety devicesshould be in good functional order, and used only for theirintended purpose.2.2.5 List indication lights, if fitted, should be tested prior toloading or unloading and proved operational.2.2.6 Ships own cargo-handling equipment should be properlycertificated and maintained, and us
48、ed only under the generalsupervision of suitably qualified ships personnel.2.3 Terminals2.3.1 Terminal operators should ensure that they only acceptships that can safely berth alongside their installation, taking intoconsideration issues such as:.1 water depth at the berth;.2 maximum size of the shi
49、p;.3 mooring arrangements;7Section 2 Suitability of ships and terminals.4 fendering;.5 safe access; and.6 obstructions to loading/unloading operations.2.3.1.1 Terminal representatives should ensure that the followingmatters are considered:.1 Tidal situation for the period concerned.2 Weather forecasts.3 Whether ship will berth port or starboard side-to.4 Tug and line boat requirements.5 Mooring requirements taking into account:.1 The size and type of ship;.
