1、IEC 61499 FUNCTION BLOCKS FOR EMBEDDEDAND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGNSecond EditionIEC 61499 FUNCTION BLOCKS FOR EMBEDDED AND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGNSecond EditionValeriy Vyatkin Auckland University, New ZealandCopyright 2012 by ISAInternational Society of Automation67 Alexander Dr
2、iveP.O. Box 12277Research Triangle Park, NC 27709All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN: 978-1-936007-93-6No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying
3、, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permissionof the publisher.NoticeThe information presented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Because neither theauthor nor the publisher has any control over the use of the information by the reader, both the author an
4、dthe publisher disclaim any and all liability of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is expected toexercise sound professional judgment in using any of the information presented in a particular application.Additionally, neither the author nor the publisher have investigated or considered th
5、e affect of any patentson the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular application. The reader is responsi-ble for reviewing any possible patents that may effect any particular use of the information presented. Any references to commercial products in the work are cited as
6、 examples only. Neither the author nor thepublisher endorses any referenced commercial product. Any trademarks or tradenames referenced belongto the respective owner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the publisher makes any representationregarding the availability of any referenced commerc
7、ial product at any time. The manufacturers instruc-tions on use of any commercial product must be followed at all times, even if in conflict with the informa-tion in this publication.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data in ProcessvContentsThe O3neida Publications Series xiAcknowledgmen
8、ts xiiiIntroduction xvIntroduction to the Second Edition xviHow to use this book xviBook Web Site xviii1 Quick start. 1System modelled with function blocks 1Function block internals 4Summary 5Review questions for Chapter 1 6Notes 62 Evolution of industrial automation technologies 7First generation 7
9、Second generation 7Third generation 8Fourth generation 9Fifth generation 11Summary 11Review questions for Chapter 2 113 Automation: From mass production to flexibility 13Industrial trends 13Requirements for the new generation of automation 14Advantages and drawbacks of the PLC architecture 15Technic
10、al requirements for next-generation architectures 19Summary 19Review questions for Chapter 3 20Notes 204 Horizons of distributed intelligent automation. 21Autonomous intelligent devices 21System modelling and simulation 21Service provision mechanism 23Intelligent integration 23Different hardware run
11、ning same function blocks 23Key technologies provided by IEC 61499 26Main IEC 61499 benefits for PLC users 27Potential benefits of IEC 61499 for embedded control users 28Summary 28Review questions for Chapter 4 28Notes 28vi Contents5 Basic concepts of IEC 61499 29Events 29Function blocks 29Full defi
12、nition of a function block type 31Data types 32Standard data types 32Extended data types in FBDK/FBRT 34ANY 34COLOR 35ARRAYS 35MATRIX 35Summary 36Review questions for Chapter 5 36Notes 366 Function block development kit . 37General information on FBDK 37Installation of FBDK 38Accessing documentation
13、 39Create a basic function block type 39Compile a function block 42Test a function block 43Create and run a system configuration 43Combine FBDK with JAVA development and debugging in Eclipse 43Create a new project in Eclipse 44Set a class to run 44Run FBDK from Eclipse 45Troubleshooting FBDK 46Summa
14、ry 47Review questions for Chapter 6 477 Basic function blocks 49Capsule for functions 49Execution Control 49Syntax of ECC transitions 50ECC transition evaluation 52How does a basic function block work? 53Simple function blocks in FBDK 53Standard libraries 55Tutorial 1: Modifying an existing basic fu
15、nction block type 55Summary 60Review questions for Chapter 7 61Notes 618 Composite function blocks . 63Connections 64Execution Control 66Operations with events 66Tutorial 2: Create and test a composite function block type 67Summary 67Review questions for Chapter 8 69Contents vii9 Applications and su
16、b-applications 71Application 71Sub-applications 72Summary 73Review questions for Chapter 9 7310 Models for devices and resources 75Device 75Resource 76Classes of devices 76Device type definition 77PC-based remote device 78Embedded device 80Configure Netmaster 80The usual way of executing JAVA applic
17、ations 81TINI specific 81Create a version of FBRT executable on TINI 82Resource type definition 82Device management 82Summary 83Review questions for Chapter 10 84Notes 8411 Distributed system configurations 85System configuration 85Tutorial 3: Using a modified function block type in a system configu
18、ration 91Modifying an existing system configuration 91Testing the composite function block USE_XYZ 94Summary 94Review questions for Chapter 11 9512 Service interface function blocks . 97Services 97Standard input and output names of service interface function block parameters 101Event inputs 101Event
19、 outputs 101Data inputs 102Data outputs 102Communication function blocks 103Communication function blocks of FBDK 103Local communications 105How to develop a service interface function block in FBDK 107Process interface: read inputs and write outputs 108Simulation of service interface function block
20、s 109Cyclic scan data sampling 109Example of device type definition for Netmaster 110Summary 110Exercises for Chapter 12 112viii Contents13 Simple application with decentralized control . 115Description of a controlled object 115Controller design 116Controller implementation 117System configuration
21、119Debugging 120Distribution 120Summary 123Review questions for Chapter 13 12314 User interface function blocks 125Human-machine interface 125IN_CHOICEdrop-down list 125IN_MATRIXinput display for the matrix 126IN_TEXTarea for text input 126IN_BOOLlabelled checkbox to enter a Boolean value 126IN_EVEN
22、Tevent modelled by button 127IN_ANYtext input field 127IN_ARRAYinput area for array 127IN_ENUMdrop-down list 128RADIO_BOOLchoice between two alternatives 128Data Output Function Blocks 128DIAG_LOGTime-stamped log for diagnostic events 128OUT_BOOLcolored circle with a label 128OUT_ANYtextual display
23、of any data type 129OUT_ARRAYsingle-line text field with array value 129OUT_EVENTevent display 129OUT_MATRIX 130OUT_TEXT 130Input and output function block FB_SLIDER 130JAVA implementation details 130Flow Layout in PANEL_RESOURCE and VIEW_PANEL resource types 130VIEW_PANEL resource type 131Animation
24、 131Drawbacks of the standard visualization blocks of FBDK 133VHMI Package of visualization function blocks 133Device type: ImageDev 133Resource type: ImageResource 133Render 134Render with rotation FB typeRenderRot 135IN_OUT_DISPLAY_BUTTON 135IN_PRESS_BUTTON 135Installation 136Example 137View imple
25、mentation of a mechatronic device 137Summary 140Review questions for Chapter 14 14015 Model/view/control design pattern. 141Design methodology 141Sketch 141Contents ixBuilding views 142Implementation of the multi-layer architecture 142Animation 144Models 146Control 148Diagnostics 149Distribution 150
26、Physical design 152More MVC examples 153Summary 153Review questions for Chapter 15 15316 Automation objects for efficient system integration 155Object-oriented design in industrial automation 155Drawbacks of MVC design 155Adapter interface function blocks 156The benefit of using adapters 156Function
27、 blocks in automation objects 158Reconfiguration 161Development process 163Develop interfaces 163Adapter wrappers 163Controllers 164Encapsulate process dependencies to function blocks 164Summary 165Review questions for Chapter 16 16517 New business models 167Structure of the automation market 167Opp
28、ortunities for automation technology vendors 169Automation users: Machine builders, system integrators, and production enterprises 169Knowledge economy in automation 170Repository of automation intellectual property 172Summary 172Review questions for Chapter 17 173Notes 17318 Execution rules . 175In
29、troduction: Semantic problems of IEC 61499 175Semantics of a basic function block 176Order of transition evaluation 176Input event lifetime 178What to do with non-eventful transitions? 179Emitting output events from function blocks 180Real-life illustrative example 180Illustrating semantic problems
30、in the example 182Semantics of FB networks 183Proposal to fix the FB semantics 185Conclusion 186x Contents19 Tools for function block design 189Overview of available tools and run-time platforms 189ISaGRAF 189Overview 189Reference example 190Comparing Execution Model of ISaGRAF with FBDK 192Implemen
31、tation of LedChaser in FBDK 195Distributed systems 196Pilot case studies 198Hardware platforms 202Problems of ISaGRAF Semantics 203ISaGRAF: Summary 205NxtStudio 205Overview of the tool 205Support of MVC design pattern 207Distribution 209Execution 209Pilot applications 2104DIAC IDE and Forte 210FBenc
32、h 213CORFU Engineering Support System 21520 Conclusion 217A Event function blocks 219B IEC 61499compliance profile for feasibility demonstrations 225Part 4. Configurability agreement 2254.1 Software tools 2254.2 Device management services 2254.3 Devices 2264.4 FBMGT Document Type Definition (DTD) 22
33、64.5 Request/Response semantics 227C Guide to examples 237D Corrections implemented in the second edition 239Overview of corrections 239Temporary variables in algorithms 239Syntax and semantics of ECC 239Use of adapters 240Network Segments 241Interoperation with programmable controllers (Annex D6) 2
34、41D.6.1 Introduction 241D.6.2 Service conventions 241D.6.3 Function block types 242Bibliography 249Index 255xiThe O3neida Publications SeriesThis book is an updated and revised edition of the first in a series of books to be produced by O3neida onvarious subjects related to distributed industrial au
35、tomation. O3neida was founded in 2003 as a Community of Common Interest of the International Research andDevelopment Program Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) and incorporated in 2004 as a Canadiannot-for-profit corporation. O3neidas mission is to operate as a network of networks fostering the
36、 develop-ment and deployment of industrial automation technologies based on open standards including, amongothers, the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA), the Device Profile for Web Services(DPWS), Web Crawler (WC), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61131 and IEC 61499.
37、This first book in the series is designed for professionals who teach university courses and for industrypractitioners who seek to understand better the industrial automation field in order to implement specificsolutions in their facilities and enterprises. The focus of this book is the IEC 61499 St
38、andard for FunctionBlocks for Industrial Process Measurement and Control Systems (IPMCS). In producing this book,O3neida hopes to fill the current gap in the marketplace with an informative, effective training manual.Since the production of this first book in the O3neida/ISA series on industrial aut
39、omation, O3neida andISA have collaborated to produce five additional books on subjects ranging from domain ontologies toreal-time execution for IEC 61499 to closed-loop Product Life Cycle Management to the recently pub-lished agent-based volumes which will address other equally pressing issues, such
40、 as Agent-based Tech-nology Manufacturing Control Systems. O3neida will also publish materials on automation objects as partof this series.Finally, this book is the result of a concerted effort among many O3neida members, particularly AllanMartel, Chief Operating Officer of O3neida for his managemen
41、t of the entire publications series. I thankthem all for their dedication and commitment to O3neida as volunteers, and I particularly thank ValeriyVyatkin of the University of Auckland, New Zealand for writing and revising this book. I also thank ISAfor their interest and support in making the publi
42、cation and distribution of this important book possible.Antonio ValentiniChief Executive Officer, O3neidaxiiiAcknowledgmentsThis book was conceived within O3neida, an international network of networks focused on issues relatedto distributed industrial automation.The contributions of James Christense
43、n, Hans-Michael Hanisch, Robert Brennan, and Jos Lastra havebeen particularly valuable. Dr. James Christensen started the IEC 61499 education mission as the pioneer of object-oriented engi-neering in industrial automation and the leader of the Standards Working Group in IEC. He is the authorof the F
44、unction Block Development Kit (FBDK) software tool and has created a set of examples accompa-nying FBDK, which are used in this text. The Model-View-Control engineering methodology presented inChapter 15 is also based on his original documentation. The concept and the structure of this book were dev
45、eloped together with Prof. Hans-Michael Hanischwhile preparing jointly an article on IEC 61499 in 2003-2004 (Hanisch, Vyatkin 2004). Prof. Robert Brennan has contributed to many areas in the text. In particular, he wrote the section“Industrial Trends” discussed in Chapter 3.Prof. Jos Lastra generate
46、d several ideas on the knowledge economy in industrial automation dis-cussed in Chapter 17. The author especially thanks Allan Martel, O3neidas Chief Operating Officer, for his editing andcoordinating assistance. Antonio Valentini, O3neidas CEO, has also provided valuable insights from the perspecti
47、ve of anapplications developer along with motivation, dedication and enthusiastic support. As part of their research work, Cheng Pang and Anirudha Sardesai, Ph.D. and undergraduate studentsof the University of Auckland have developed material included in Chapter 14. Having expressed much gratitude t
48、o all people involved, the author assumes all responsibility for anyerrors in the book and will be very grateful to the reader for reporting them to v.vyatkinauckland.ac.nz.Last but not least, I wish to express my enormous gratitude to my wife Marina and our daughter Mariafor their patience and cont
49、inuous support during the process of completing this book.xvIntroductionThis book is a practical guide to component-based development of distributed, embedded, and control sys-tems proposed within the new IEC 61499 international standard. IEC 61499 defines a component-basedmodelling approach using function blocks. At first glance, this model appears to be quite different from the component models of other softwareengineering approaches such as CORBA, DCOM, or .NET (Snder et al., 2006). In fact, however, a func-tion block possesses the required characteristics of a
