1、 Recommendation ITU-R BT.2054-0(02/2014)Multiplexing and transport schemesin multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile receptionBT SeriesBroadcasting service(television)ii Rec. ITU-R BT.2054-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and eco
2、nomical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed b
3、y World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be u
4、sed for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. S
5、eries of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodet
6、ermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG S
7、atellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this pu
8、blication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BT.2054-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.2054-0 Multiplexing and transport schemes in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception (Question ITU-R 45-4/6) (2014) Scope This Recommendation deals wit
9、h technologies for multiplexing and transport in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception. It describes schemes for media transport, service/content protection, and reliable delivery. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that digital television and sound broadcasting syste
10、ms have been implemented in many countries; b) that digital broadcasting services are expected to be offered in a variety of reception environments including indoor, portable, handheld and vehicular receivers; c) that multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception have been introduced using th
11、e inherent capability of digital broadcasting systems; d) that the characteristics of mobile reception are quite different from those of fixed reception; e) that mobile telecommunication systems with advanced information technologies have been implemented in many countries; f) the need for interoper
12、ability between the mobile telecommunication services and broadcasting services; g) the need for flexible configuration of a wide variety of services; h) the need for controlling access to content and/or services; j) the need for techniques delivering content efficiently and reliably, recommends 1 t
13、hat for techniques for multiplexing and transport in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception, the schemes described in Annex 1 should be used; 2 that compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. in
14、teroperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall” or some other obligatory language such as “must” and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words shall in no way
15、be construed to imply partial or total compliance with this Recommendation. 2 Rec. ITU-R BT.2054-0 Annex 1 Multiplexing and transport schemes in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception 1 Introduction Multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception may have the same multiplexing and
16、 transport schemes that those for fixed reception have. Broadcasting and telecommunication could be harmonized if some of the techniques used in mobile telecommunication systems are also used in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception. Content needs to be delivered reliably even when un
17、recoverable errors occur in the channel coding layer, which is inevitable in mobile reception. From content providers view, it is required to protect broadcast content against unauthorized reception and use. This Recommendation describes multiplexing and transport schemes appropriate in multimedia b
18、roadcasting systems for mobile reception. 2 References Recommendation ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1: Information Technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information Part 1: Systems. ISO/IEC 14496-1: Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 1: Systems. IE
19、TF RFC 791: Internet Protocol. This IETF standard is available at the following address. http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc791.txt IETF RFC 2460: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. This IETF standard is available at the following address. http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2460.txt ETSI TS 102 606: D
20、igital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) Protocol. IETF RFC 3550: RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications. This IETF standard is available at the following address. http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3550.txt IETF RFC 3926: FLUTE File Delivery over Unidirectional Trans
21、port This IETF standard is available at the following address. http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3926.txt ISO/IEC 13818-6: Information technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information Part 6: Extensions for DSM-CC. ARIB STD-B24 Volume 3: Data Coding and Transmission Specificatio
22、n for Digital Broadcasting. Open Mobile Alliance, OMA-TS-DRM_XBS-V1_0: OMA DRM v2.0 Extensions for Broadcast Support. 3 Multiplexing and transport schemes Multimedia signals such as audio, video and any kind of data, are transmitted to a receiver, and then, they are presented at a proper time and in
23、 a proper way. In order to transmit and present content, the following functions are required: Encapsulation Multimedia signals are encapsulated into appropriate formats with timing information for presentation. Rec. ITU-R BT.2054-0 3 Delivery Multimedia signals are appropriately formatted for deliv
24、ery. This formatting includes the aggregation, multiplexing, and fragmentation of encapsulated multimedia signals. Control Information about the encapsulation, delivery and presentation of multimedia content is to be provided to a receiver. These functions are provided by transport schemes. Transpor
25、t schemes appropriate in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception are listed in Table 1. TABLE 1 Transport schemes Scheme Description MPEG-2 TS (transport stream) It is widely used in broadcasting systems for fixed reception. It provides timing information for synchronization in packetiz
26、ed elementary stream (PES) layer, and a fixed-length packet for delivery. MPEG-4 SL (sync layer) It is used in the synchronization layer to synchronize audiovisual content both temporally and spatially. It may be carried in MPEG-2 TS packets or real-time transport protocol (RTP) packets. IP (Interne
27、t Protocol) It is intermediate protocol for media transport. It works with upper-layer protocol for media transport and may be carried in MPEG-2 TS1packets. GSE (generic stream encapsulation)2It is encapsulation techniques for various kinds of packets including IP packets. A media transport protocol
28、 over IP is required. Media transport protocols over IP that are appropriate in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception are listed in Table 2. TABLE 2 Media transport protocols over IP Protocol Description RTP (real-time transport protocol) It is the Internet engineering task force (IET
29、F) protocol used for streaming services. FLUTE (file delivery over unidirectional transport) It is the IETF protocol used for the delivery of any kind of files. 1Details are described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1887 Carriage of IP packets in MPEG-2 transport streams in multimedia broadcasting. 2Deta
30、ils are described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1869 Multiplexing scheme for variable-length packets in digital broadcasting systems. 4 Rec. ITU-R BT.2054-0 4 Service/content protection schemes Access to content and services needs to be controlled via some schemes, if necessary. Service-protection sche
31、mes protect content during its delivery to a receiver, and content protection schemes protect content after its delivery. Service/content protection schemes appropriate in multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception are listed in Table 3. TABLE 3 Service/content protection schemes Scheme De
32、scription Conditional access system (CAS) specified in MPEG-2 Systems3It is widely adopted for broadcasting systems for fixed reception. Conditional access is achieved by programme specific information (PSI). Open mobile alliance (OMA) Digital rights management (DRM) 2.0 It is specified by OMA. 5 Re
33、liable delivery schemes Channel error characteristics differ between fixed and mobile reception because receiving conditions may change as a receiver moves around. Reliable delivery under such conditions is ensured by delivering additional data. Schemes appropriate for ensuring reliable delivery in
34、multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception are listed in Table 4. TABLE 4 Schemes for reliable delivery Scheme Description Data carousel Data is transmitted repeatedly, so missed portions can be received during the following transmission cycle. Application layer forward error correction (AL-FEC) A method for generating redundant data from the source data. Missed portions can be reconstructed from the redundant data by the FEC operation. 3Details are described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1852 Conditional-access systems for digital broadcasting.
