1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-5(02/2014)Technical characteristics for an automatic identification system using time division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile frequency bandM SeriesMobile, radiodetermination, amateurand related satellite servicesii Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 Foreword The role of th
2、e Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. T
3、he regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy
4、 for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for
5、 ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting serv
6、ice (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordina
7、tion between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. E
8、lectronic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1371-5*Technical characteristics for an automatic identification system using time
9、division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile frequency band (Question ITU-R 232/5) (1998-2001-2006-2007-2010-2014) Scope This Recommendation provides the technical characteristics of an automatic identification system (AIS) using time division multiple access in the very high frequency (VHF)
10、maritime mobile band. Keywords TDMA, AIS, CLASS A, Identification, Long Range, Maritime, Navigation, VDL, VHF Abbreviations/Glossary ACK Acknowledge AIS Automatic identification system AIS-SART AIS Search and Rescue Transmitter ASCII American standard code for information interchange AtoN Aid to nav
11、igation BR Bit rate BS Bit scrambling BT Bandwidth Time CHB Channel bandwidth CHS Channel spacing CIRM International Maritime Radio Association (Comit International Radio Maritime) COG Course over ground CP Candidate period CRC Cyclic redundancy check CS Carrier sense CSTDMA Carrier sense time divis
12、ion multiple access DAC Designated area code DE Data encoding DG Dangerous goods DGNSS Differential global navigation satellite system *This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the I
13、nternational Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Comit International Radio Maritime (CIRM). 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 DLS Data link service DSC Digital selective calling DTE Data terminal equipment ECDIS
14、Electronic chart display and information system ENC Electronic navigation chart EPFS Electronic position fixing system EPIRB Emergency position-indicating radio beacon ETA Estimated time of arrival FATDMA Fixed access time-division multiple access FCS Frame check sequence FEC Forward error correctio
15、n FI Function identifier FIFO First-in, first-out FM Frequency modulation FTBS FATDMA block size FTI FATDMA increment FTST FATDMA start slot GLONASS Global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) GMDSS Global maritime distress and safety system GMSK Gaussian filtered minimum shift keying GNSS Global n
16、avigation satellite system GPS Global positioning system HDG Heading HDLC High level data link control HS Harmful substances HSC High speed craft IAI International application identifier IALA International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities ICAO International Civil A
17、viation Organization ID Identifier IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IFM International function message IL Interleaving IMO International Maritime Organization ISO International Standardization Organization ITDMA Incremental time division multiple access Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 3 ITINC ITDMA
18、 slot increment ITKP ITDMA keep flag ITSL ITDMA number of slots ITU International Telecommunication Union knots Knots and is equivalent to 1.852 km/h LME Link management entity LSB Least significant bit MAC Medium access control MAX Maximum MHz Megahertz MID Maritime identification digits MIN Minimu
19、m MMSI Maritime mobile service identity MOB Man overboard MOD Modulation MP Marine pollutants MSB Most significant bit NI Nominal increment NM Nautical mile and is equivalent to 1.852 km NRZI Non return zero inverted NS Nominal slot NSS Nominal start slot NTS Nominal transmission slot NTT Nominal tr
20、ansmission time OSI Open systems interconnection PI Presentation Interface ppm Parts per million RAI Regional application identifier RAIM Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring RATDMA Random access time-division multiple access RF Radio frequency RFM Regional function message RFR Regional frequenc
21、ies RI Reporting interval(s) ROT Rate of turn RR Radio Regulations 4 Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 Rr Reporting rate (position reports per minute) RTA RATDMA attempts RTCSC RATDMA candidate slot counter RTES RATDMA end slot RTP1 RATDMA calculated probability for transmission RTP2 RATDMA current probability fo
22、r transmission RTPI RATDMA probability increment RTPRI RATDMA priority RTPS RATDMA start probability Rx Receiver RXBT Receive BT-product SAR Search and rescue SI Selection interval SO Self organized SOG Speed over ground SOTDMA Self organized time division multiple access MSSA Multi-Channel Slot Sel
23、ection Access (MSSA) TDMA Time division multiple access TI Transmission interval TMO Time-out TS Training sequence TST Transmitter settling time Tx Transmitter TXBT Transmit BT-product TXP Transmitter output power UTC Coordinated universal time VDL VHF data link VHF Very high frequency VTS Vessel tr
24、affic services WGS World geodetic system WIG Wing in ground Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 5 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has a continuing requirement for a universal shipborne automatic identification system (AIS); b) that the use of a
25、universal shipborne AIS allows efficient exchange of navigational data between ships and between ships and shore stations, thereby improving safety of navigation; c) that a system using self-organized time division multiple access (SOTDMA) accommodates all users and meets the likely future requireme
26、nts for efficient use of the spectrum; d) that although this system is intended to be used primarily for surveillance and safety of navigation purposes in ship to ship use, ship reporting and vessel traffic services (VTS) applications, it may also be used for other maritime safety related communicat
27、ions, provided that the primary functions are not impaired; e) that this system is autonomous, automatic, continuous and operate primarily in a broadcast, but also in an assigned and in an interrogation mode using time division multiple access (TDMA) techniques; f) that this system is capable of exp
28、ansion to accommodate future expansion in the number of users and diversification of applications, including vessels which are not subject to IMO AIS carriage requirements, aids to navigation and search and rescue; g) that the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Aut
29、horities (IALA) maintains and publishes technical guidelines for the manufacturers of AIS and other interested parties, recommends 1 that the AIS should be designed in accordance with the operational characteristics given in Annex 1 and the technical characteristics given in Annexes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8
30、 and 9; 2 that applications of the AIS which make use of application specific messages of the AIS, as defined in Annex 2, should comply with the characteristics given in Annex 5; 3 that the AIS applications should take into account the international application identifier branch, as specified in Ann
31、ex 5, maintained and published by IMO; 4 that the AIS design should take into account technical guidelines maintained and published by IALA. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 Annex 1 Operational characteristics of an automatic identification system using time division multiple access techniques in the VHF marit
32、ime mobile frequency band 1 General 1.1 The system should automatically broadcast ships dynamic and some other information to all other installations in a self-organized manner. 1.2 The system installation should be capable of receiving and processing specified interrogating calls. 1.3 The system sh
33、ould be capable of transmitting additional safety information on request. 1.4 The system installation should be able to operate continuously while under way or at anchor. 1.5 The system should use TDMA techniques in a synchronized manner. 1.6 The system should be capable of three modes of operation,
34、 autonomous, assigned and polled. 2 Automatic identification system equipment 2.1 Automatic identification system VHF data link non-controlling stations 2.1.1 Automatic identification system shipborne station 2.1.1.1 Class A shipborne mobile equipment using SOTDMA technology as described in Annex 2
35、will comply with relevant IMO AIS carriage requirement: 2.1.1.2 Class B shipborne mobile equipment will provide facilities not necessarily in full accordance with IMO AIS carriage requirement. Class B “SO” using SOTDMA technology as described in Annex 2; Class B “CS” using CSTDMA as described in Ann
36、ex 7. 2.1.2 Aids to navigation-automatic identification system station 2.1.3 Limited base station (no VHF data link control functionality) 2.1.4 Search and rescue mobile aircraft equipment The AIS search and rescue (SAR) aircraft station should transmit position report Message 9, and static data usi
37、ng Message 5 and Messages 24A and 24B. 2.1.5 Repeater station 2.1.6 Automatic identification system search and rescue transmitter The AIS SART station should transmit Message 1 and Message 14 using the burst transmissions as described in Annex 9. Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 7 The Messages 1 and 14 should us
38、e a user ID 970xxyyyy (where xx = manufacturer ID 01 to 99; yyyy = the sequence number 0000 to 9999) and Navigational Status 14 when active, and Navigational Status 15 when under test. Other devices using AIS technology such as man overboard (MOB) devices and emergency position indicating radio beac
39、ons (EPIRBs) should not be subsets of AIS-SART stations, because these devices do not conform with all the requirements for these stations. The Message 14 should have the following content: When active: SART ACTIVE Under test: SART TEST 2.1.7 Man overboard-automatic identification system When the bu
40、rst transmission technology in Annex 9 is integrated within an MOB, its Message 1 and Message 14 transmissions should comply with 2.1.6, except that its user ID should be 972xxyyyy and its Message 14 should have the following content: When active: MOB ACTIVE Under test: MOB TEST 2.1.8 Emergency posi
41、tion indicating radio beacon-automatic identification system When the burst transmission technology in Annex 9 is integrated within an EPIRB, its Message 1 and Message 14 transmissions should comply with 2.1.6, except that its user ID should be 974xxyyyy and its Message 14 should have the following
42、content: When active: EPIRB ACTIVE Under test: EPIRB TEST 2.2 Automatic identification system VHF data link controlling stations 2.2.1 Base station 3 Identification For the purpose of identification, the appropriate maritime identities should be used, as defined in Article 19 of the Radio Regulation
43、s (RR) and Recommendation ITU-R M.585. Recommendation ITU-R M.1080 should not be applied with respect to the 10thdigit (least significant digit). AIS stations should only transmit if an appropriate maritime mobile service identity (MMSI) or unique identifier is programmed. 4 Information content AIS
44、stations should provide static, dynamic and voyage related data as appropriate. 4.1 Short safety related messages Class A shipborne mobile equipment should be capable of receiving and transmitting short safety related messages containing important navigational or important meteorological warning. Cl
45、ass B shipborne mobile equipment should be capable of receiving short safety related messages. 8 Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 4.2 Information update intervals for autonomous mode 4.2.1 Reporting interval The different information types are valid for different time periods and thus need different update inter
46、vals. Static information: Every 6 min or, when data has been amended, on request. Dynamic information: Dependent on speed and course alteration according to Tables 1 and 2. Every 3 min for long-range broadcast message specified in Annex 4. Voyage related information: Every 6 min or, when data has be
47、en amended, on request. Safety related message: As required. TABLE 1 Class A shipborne mobile equipment reporting intervals1Ships dynamic conditions Nominal reporting interval Ship at anchor or moored and not moving faster than 3 knots 3 min(1)Ship at anchor or moored and moving faster than 3 knots
48、10 s(1)Ship 0-14 knots 10 s(1)Ship 0-14 knots and changing course 3 1/3 s(1)Ship 14-23 knots 6 s(1)Ship 14-23 knots and changing course 2 s Ship 23 knots 2 s Ship 23 knots and changing course 2 s (1)When a mobile station determines that it is the semaphore (see 3.1.1.4, Annex 2), the reporting inter
49、val should decrease to 2 s (see 3.1.3.3.2, Annex 2). NOTE 1 These values have been chosen to minimize unnecessary loading of the radio channels while maintaining compliance within the IMO AIS performance standards. NOTE 2 If the autonomous mode requires a shorter reporting interval than the assigned mode, the Class A shipborne mobile AIS station should use the autonomous mode. 11 Nautical mile = 1 852 metres 1 knot = 1 852 m/h 3 knots = 5 556 m/h; 14 knots = 25 928 m/h; 23 knots = 42 596 m/h Rec. ITU-R M.1371-5 9 TABLE 2 Reporting intervals for equipment other than Cl
