1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1904(01/2012)Characteristics, performance requirements and protection criteria for receiving stations of the radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-space) operating in the frequency bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHzM SeriesMobile, radiodeterminat
2、ion, amateurand related satellite servicesii Rec. ITU-R M.1904 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies
3、 without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellec
4、tual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R
5、/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Rec
6、ording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-sat
7、ellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recomm
8、endation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2012 ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1904 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M
9、.1904 Characteristics, performance requirements and protection criteria for receiving stations of the radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-space) operating in the frequency bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz (Questions ITU-R 217-2/4 and ITU-R 288/4) (2012) Scope The ch
10、aracteristics and protection criteria for radionavigation-satellite service (RNSS) spaceborne receivers are presented in this Recommendation. This information is intended for performing analyses of radio-frequency interference impact on RNSS receivers operating space-to-space in the bands 1 164-1 21
11、5 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz from emissions of non-RNSS sources. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that spaceborne receivers of the RNSS, making use of existing or planned RNSS transmissions in the bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz, are alread
12、y in operation or are planned for operation on spacecraft by various satellite networks and systems; b) that RNSS downlink emissions in the bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz can also be used for space-to-space applications (e.g. spacecraft positioning), without using additio
13、nal spectrum resources; c) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1787 provides information on signal characteristics of RNSS systems and networks, and Recommendations ITU-R M.1905, ITU-R M.1902 and ITU-R M.1903 provide information on technical and performance characteristics of RNSS receivers for RNSS systems
14、 and networks; d) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1901 provides guidance on this and other ITU-R Recommendations related to systems and networks in the RNSS operating in the frequency bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz, 1 559-1 610 MHz, 5 000-5 010 MHz and 5 010-5 030 MHz, recognizing a) that the ba
15、nds 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz are allocated on a primary basis to RNSS (space-to-Earth) (space-to-space) in all three Regions; b) that under Radio Regulations No. 5.329A, “use of systems in the radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-space) operating in the bands 1 215
16、-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz is not intended to provide safety service applications, and shall not impose any additional constraints on other systems or services operating in accordance with the Table”; c) that the bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz are also allocated on a
17、primary basis to other services in all three Regions, recommends 1 that the RNSS receiver characteristics and protection criteria given in Annexes 1, 2 and 3 should be used in performing analyses of radio-frequency interference to spaceborne RNSS receivers operating (space-to-space) in the bands 1 1
18、64-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz from non-RNSS sources; 2 that the aggregate interference power thresholds given in the Annexes may be used in interference calculations for radionavigation receivers on board satellites; 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1904 3 that the requirements given in Annexes 1,
19、 2 and 3 together with other characteristics of the RNSS systems may be used in interference calculations for spaceborne RNSS receivers at higher altitudes; 4 that in cases where the aggregate interference power thresholds given in the Annexes are exceeded, the requirements given in Annexes 1, 2 and
20、 3 together with other characteristics of the RNSS systems may be used in interference calculations for spaceborne RNSS receivers; 5 that the following Note should be considered as part of this Recommendation. NOTE This Recommendation is not intended to be used to form the basis for future modificat
21、ions to maximum unwanted emission levels for the band 1 559-1 610 MHz that are stated in the Annexes to Recommendations ITU-R M.1343-1 and ITU-R M.1480 for MSS MESs. The maximum unwanted emission levels for the band 1 559-1 610 MHz stated in Recommendations ITU-R M.1343-1 and ITU-R M.1480 have been
22、developed pursuant to a specific interference scenario, and are not intended to be applied to any service other than MSS MESs operating in the 1-3 GHz range without further study. Annex 1 GLONASS spaceborne receiver characteristics Table 1-1 provides characteristics of spaceborne RNSS receivers for
23、use with the GLONASS system. TABLE 1-1 GLONASS spaceborne receiver characteristics Parameter Value Carrier frequencies (MHz) (1998-2005)(1)F = 1 602 + 0.5625 K where K = 7, , 13 F = 1 246 + 0.4375 K where K = 7, , 13 (After 2005) F = 1 602 + 0.5625 K where K = 7, , 6 F = 1 246 + 0.4375 K where K = 7
24、, , 6 F = 1 204.704 + 0.423 K where K = 7, , 12 Rec. ITU-R M.1904 3 TABLE 1-1 (continued) Parameter Value Pseudo-random noise (PRN) code chip rate (Mcps) 5.11 (HA L1 signals and HA L2 signals) 0.511 (SA L1 signals and SA L2 signals) 4.095 (HA L3 and SA L3 signals) Navigation data bit rate (bps) 50 (
25、L1 and L2 signals) 125 (L3 signals) Maximum allowable bit error rate 1 105Signal modulation method BPSK Polarization Right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) Ellipticity (dB) 1.55 Minimum received power level (dBW) 170 Minimum receiver antenna gain(2)(dBi) at corresponding elevation angle (degrees) 6
26、 (L1, L2, L3 signals) at 5 degrees Maximum receiver antenna gain in upper hemisphere (dBi) 3 Maximum receiver antenna gain in lower hemisphere (dBi) 0 RF filter 3 dB bandwidth (MHz) 60 (L1 signals) 30 (L2 signals) 17 (L3 signals) Pre-correlation filter 3 dB bandwidth (MHz) 22 (L1 signals) 20 (L2 sig
27、nals) 17 (L3 signals) Receiver system noise temperature(2)(K) 100-670 Threshold power level of aggregate narrow-band interference at the output of a passive antenna in tracking mode (dBW)(3) 149 Threshold power level of aggregate narrow-band interference at the output of a passive antenna in acquisi
28、tion mode (dBW)(3) 155 Threshold power density level of aggregate wideband interference at the output of a passive antenna in tracking mode (dBW/MHz)(3) 140 Threshold power density level of aggregate wideband interference at the output of a passive antenna in acquisition mode (dBW/MHz)(3) 146 Receiv
29、er input compression level (dBW) 80 4 Rec. ITU-R M.1904 TABLE 1-1 (end) Parameter Value Receiver survival level (dBW) 1 Overload recovery time (s) 1 103HA = high accuracy.SA = standard accuracy.(1)GLONASS receivers manufactured before 2006 can operate with navigation signals having carrier frequency
30、 numbers () 7 to +13. (2)Different spacecraft receivers may have values which differ from these typical values. (3)The threshold should account for all non-RNSS aggregate interference. The threshold value does not include a safety margin of 6 dB. Annex 2 Navstar Global Positioning System spaceborne
31、receiver characteristics The receiver characteristics provided below are for the purposes of analyses of interference to the RNSS by radio sources other than the RNSS systems and are not to be considered technical requirements, specifications or standards. Current information on Global Positioning S
32、ystem (GPS) operating in the 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 559-1 610 MHz bands is documented in Recommendation ITU-R M.1787. Table 2-1 provides characteristics of spaceborne receivers for use with the GPS system. It should be noted that since the technical requirements and operational envir
33、onment for spaceborne RNSS receivers differs from that for terrestrial receivers, their characteristics may be different. For example, signal acquisition may be more difficult for a spaceborne receiver in low-Earth orbit due to larger Doppler frequency shifts and shorter RNSS satellite time-in-view
34、durations. TABLE 2-1 GPS spaceborne receiver characteristics1Parameter Parameter (value) Signal frequency range (MHz) 1 575.42 15.345 (GPS L1 signal), 1 227.6 15.345 (GPS L2 signal), 1 176.45 12 (GPS L5 signal) Maximum receiver antenna gain in upper hemisphere (dBi) 7.0 (antenna pointed in zenith di
35、rection from low-Earth orbit (LEO)(with respect to RHCP signal) 1Further information on GPS signal characteristics in these bands is contained in Recommendation ITU-R M.1787. Rec. ITU-R M.1904 5 TABLE 2-1 (continued) Parameter Parameter (value) Maximum receiver antenna gain in lower hemisphere (dBi)
36、 10.0 (antenna pointed in zenith direction from LEO) (with respect to RHCP signal) RF filter 3 dB bandwidth (MHz) 24.0 Precorrelation filter 3 dB bandwidth (MHz) 20.46 Receiver system noise temperature (K) 111.0 (Note 1) Tracking mode threshold power level of aggregate narrow-band interference at th
37、e output of a passive antenna (dBW) 164.0 (L1 signal) (Note 2) 157.0 (L2 signal) (Note 3) 154.0 (L5 signal) (Note 4) (interfering bandwidth 1 MHz) (these values apply primarily to space-based interference sources) Acquisition mode threshold power level of aggregate narrow-band interference at the ou
38、tput of a passive antenna (dBW) 164.0 (L1 signal) (Note 2) 163.0 (L2 signal) (Note 5) 154.0 (L5 signal) (Note 4) (interfering bandwidth 1 MHz) (these values apply primarily to space-based interference sources) Tracking mode threshold power density level of aggregate wideband interference at the outp
39、ut of a passive antenna (dB(W/MHz) 154.0 (Note 6) (interfering bandwidth 1 MHz) Acquisition mode threshold power density level of aggregate wideband interference at the output of a passive antenna (dB(W/MHz) 154.0 (Note 6) (interfering bandwidth 1 MHz) Receiver input compression level (dBW) 56.0 Rec
40、eiver survival level (dBW) 15.0 Overload recovery time(s) 106NOTE 1 This noise temperature is based on an existing space receiver used for cm-level spacecraft precision orbit determination. The receiver has a low noise amplifier with 0.8 dB noise figure, zenith pointed 7 dBi antenna with 10 K antenn
41、a noise temperature, and 0.5 dB cable loss. The thermal noise floor is thus N0= 10log(kTsys) = 208 dB(W/Hz) = 148 dB(W/MHz) where k is the Boltzmann constant. NOTE 2 This threshold value applies only to the L1 CA-code receiver channel and for continuous narrow-band interference signal bandwidth less
42、 than 700 Hz. For bandwidths between 700 Hz and 1 MHz, the threshold increases as follows (see Fig. 2-1 in Recommendation ITU-R M.1903); (1) for interference bandwidth BIfrom 700 Hz to 10 kHz, the threshold increases linearly with log(BI) (BIin kHz) from 164 dBW at BI= 0.7 kHz to 157 dBW at BI= 10 k
43、Hz; (2) for 10 kHz BI 100 kHz, the threshold increases linearly with the log(BI) (BIin kHz) from 157 dBW at BI= 10 kHz to 154 dBW at BI= 100 kHz; (3) for 100 kHz BI 1 000 kHz, the threshold is 154 dBW. NOTE 3 This value is based on the L2C signal consisting of a 511.5 kcps moderate-length code (L2C-
44、M) with 20 ms code period time-multiplexed with another 511.5 kcps long code (L2C-L) with 1 500 ms code period to produce a total chipping rate of 1.023 Mcps. Thresholds for interference bandwidths between 1 kHz to 1 MHz for L2C are undefined and may require further study. NOTE 4 This threshold is d
45、ue to the spectral line nature of the L5 pilot signal which can result in up to 10 dB less interference rejection capability than that calculated assuming a non-periodic 10.23 Mcps random code with a continuous power spectrum (i.e. under the random code assumption, the threshold would be 144 dBW). T
46、hresholds for interference bandwidths between 700 Hz and 1 MHz are under study. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1904 TABLE 2-1 (end) NOTE 5 This value is based on direct acquisition of the L2C signal using L2C-M. Thresholds for interference bandwidths between 1 kHz to 1 MHz for L2C are undefined and may require furt
47、her study. NOTE 6 This threshold is based on an I/N ratio of 6 dB with respect to the thermal noise floor (N0= 148 dB(W/MHz). Equivalently, this interference will result in a 1 dB increase in the thermal noise floor. The noise floor increase may be greater than 1 dB in the 1 215-1 300 MHz and 1 164-
48、1 215 MHz bands due to potential pulsed radio-frequency interference (RFI) (e.g. from spaceborne synthetic aperture radars and/or ARNS transmitters). The effect of pulsed RFI on receiver performance will depend on a variety of factors including received pulse power (peak/average), pulse duration, an
49、d pulse duty cycle as well as specific receiver parameters such as front-end saturation level, saturation recovery time, automatic gain control saturation level and time constant (if multi-bit A/D is used), and type of A/D converter and quantization threshold levels. Further ITU-R study is required to develop a method for evaluating pulsed RFI impact on RNSS receivers. Annex 3 Galileo spaceborne receiver characteristics Table 3-1 provides characteristics of spaceborne RNSS receivers for use with the Galileo
