1、 Rep. ITU-R M.2033 1REPORT ITU-R M.2033 Radiocommunication objectives and requirements for public protection and disaster relief (2003) 1 Scope The purpose of the Report is to define the public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) objectives and requirements for the implementation of future advance
2、d solutions to satisfy the operational needs of PPDR organizations around the year 2010. Specifically, it identifies objectives, applica-tions, requirements, a methodology for spectrum calculations, spectrum requirements and solutions for interoperability. This Report has been developed in preparati
3、on for WRC-03 agenda item 1.3: to consider identification of globally/regionally harmonized bands, to the extent practicable, for the implementation of future advanced solutions to meet the needs of public protection agencies, including those dealing with emergency situations and disaster relief, an
4、d to make regulatory provisions, as necessary, taking into account Resolution 645 (WRC-2000). Resolution 645 (WRC-2000) invited the ITU-R to study, as a matter of urgency, identification of frequency bands that could be used on a global/regional basis by administrations intending to implement future
5、 solutions for public protection agencies and organizations, including those dealing with emergency situations and disaster relief; and to study, as a matter of urgency, regulatory provisions necessary for identifying globally/regionally harmonized frequency bands for such purposes;. Resolution 645
6、(WRC-2000) also invited the ITU-R to . conduct studies for the development of a resolution identifying the technical and operational basis for global cross-border circulation of radiocommunication equipment in emergency and disaster relief situations,. Recommendation ITU-R M.1637 provides additional
7、 guidance on this element. 2 Background Radiocommunications have become extremely important to public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) organizations to the extent that PPDR communications are highly dependent upon it. At times, radiocommunication is the only form of communications available. In
8、 order to provide effective communications, PPDR agencies and organizations have a set of objectives and requirements that include interoperability, reliability, functionality, security in operation and fast call set-up1in each area of operation. Considering that the radiocommunication 1Fast call se
9、t-up indicates reducing the response time to access the particular network. 2 Rep. ITU-R M.2033 needs of PPDR agencies and organizations are growing, future advanced solutions used by PPDR will require higher data rates, along with video and multimedia capability. This Report forms part of the proce
10、ss of specifying these objectives and the requirements of PPDR organizations to meet their future needs. PPDR organizations will operate their communications in a complex environment, which requires the recognition of the following factors: a) the involvement of a number of interests (such as govern
11、ments, service providers, manufacturers); b) the changing regulatory framework for those involved in supplying systems supporting PPDR; c) that PPDR applications may be narrowband, wideband or broadband, or a mixture of these; d) the need for interoperability and interworking between networks; e) th
12、e need for high levels of security; f) the needs of developing countries; g) the ITU-D Handbook on Disaster Communications; h) the needs of countries, particularly for developing countries, for low-cost communications equipment for public protection and disaster relief agencies and organizations; i)
13、 that the 1998 Intergovernmental Conference on Emergency Telecommunications (ICET-98), with the participation of 76 countries and various intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, adopted the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and R
14、elief Operations. In 1998, thirty-three States signed this comprehensive Convention that also contains an article dealing with the removal of regulatory barriers; j) that the Working Group on Emergency Telecommunications (WGET), which is also the Reference Group on Telecommunications (RGT) of the In
15、ter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) on humanitarian affairs has adopted frequencies in the VHF and UHF bands allocated to the land mobile service for inter-agency coordination of relief operations and safety and security communications in international humanitarian assistance as listed in Annex 3 t
16、o this Report; k) that many disaster relief organizations require independence to fulfill their humanitarian mandate by maintaining their operational autonomy while fully respecting the laws of the countries in which they operate; l) that in times of disasters, when most terrestrial based networks m
17、ay be destroyed or impaired, amateurs, satellite and other non-ground based networks may be able to provide communications services to assist in public protection and disaster relief efforts; Rep. ITU-R M.2033 3 m) that systems operating within various radiocommunication services, including mobile,
18、fixed, mobile satellite, fixed satellite and/or amateur, could support both current and future advanced PPDR applications; n) that in some countries, national regulations and/or legislation may affect the ability of PPDR organizations to use commercial wireless systems or networks; o) that in some c
19、ountries, commercial wireless systems currently offer and will probably continue to support PPDR applications; p) that there is potential for new technologies such as IMT-2000 systems and beyond, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which may support or supplement advanced PPDR applications
20、 and that such complementary use would be in response to market demands. 3 Harmonization of spectrum Significant amounts of spectrum are already in use in various bands in various countries for narrowband PPDR applications, however, it should be noted that sufficient spectrum capacity will be requir
21、ed to accommodate future operational needs including narrowband, wideband and broadband applications. Experience has shown that spectrum that is harmonized has benefits that include economic benefits, the development of compatible networks and effective services and the promotion of interoperability
22、 of equipment internationally and nationally for those agencies that require national and cross-border cooperation with other PPDR agencies and organizations. Specifically, some potential benefits are as follows: economies of scale in the manufacturing of equipment; competitive market for equipment
23、procurement; increased spectrum efficiency; stability in band planning, that is, evolving to globally/regionally harmonized spectrum arrangements may assist in more efficient planning of land mobile spectrum; and increased effective response to disaster relief. When considering appropriate frequenci
24、es for PPDR, it should be recognized that the propagation characteristics of lower frequencies allow them to travel farther than higher frequencies, making low frequency systems potentially less costly to deploy in rural areas. Lower frequencies are also sometimes preferred in urban settings due to
25、their superior building penetration. However, these lower frequencies have become saturated over time and to prevent overcrowding some administrations now use more than one frequency band in different parts of the radio spectrum. The more bands that may be identified with different propagation chara
26、cteristics the more difficult it becomes to benefit from economies of scale. Therefore, a balance needs to be struck between the number and location of the bands identified. 4 Rep. ITU-R M.2033 4 Aspects of frequency bands for PPDR Based upon an ITU-R survey of PPDR communications conducted in the 2
27、000-2003 study period from over 40 ITU members and international organizations and consequent considerations, the following comments should be noted: a) There is little uniformity in regard to frequency bands that are used for PPDR in different countries. b) While in most countries the bands used fo
28、r public protection are the same as those used for disaster relief, in some countries separate bands are used. c) Many administrations have designated one or more frequency bands for narrowband PPDR operations. It should be noted that only particular sub-bands of the frequency ranges or parts thereo
29、f listed below are utilized in an exclusive manner for PPDR radiocom-munications: 3-30 MHz, 68-88 MHz, 138-144 MHz, 148-174 MHz, 380-400 MHz (including CEPT designation of 380-385/390-395 MHz), 400-430 MHz, 440-470 MHz, 764-776, MHz 794-806 MHz, and 806-869 MHz (including CITEL designation of 821-82
30、4/866-869 MHz). One administration has designated PPDR spectrum for wideband and broadband applications. d) Some administrations in Region 3 are using or plan to use or have identified parts of the frequency bands 68-88 MHz, 138-144 MHz, 148-174 MHz, 380-399.9 MHz, 406.1-430 MHz and 440-502 MHz, 746
31、-806 MHz, 806-824 MHz and 851-869 MHz for PPDR applications. Some administrations in Region 3 are also using the bands 380-399.9 MHz, 746-806 MHz and 806-824 MHz paired with 851-869 MHz for Government communica-tions. The bands which are listed in c) and d) above and other potential candidate bands
32、are discussed in detail in the CPM-02 Report ( 2.1.2.6) together with their advantages and disadvantages and are listed in Annex 2.1-1 of the CPM-02 Report. 5 Summary Based on the studies undertaken in ITU-R on PPDR, this Report focuses on the numerous radiocommunication objectives and requirements
33、that may be required to support future advanced solutions for PPDR applications. The following areas of interest were generated during the process of developing this report: Annex 1 Radiocommunication objectives for public protection and disaster relief Annex 2 Radiocommunication requirements for pu
34、blic protection and disaster relief Annex 3 Narrowband frequencies for inter-agency coordination and safety and security communications in international humanitarian assistance presently in use Rep. ITU-R M.2033 5 Annex 4 Spectrum requirements for public protection and disaster relief Annex 5 Existi
35、ng and emerging solutions to support interoperability for public protection and disaster relief Annex 1 Radiocommunication objectives for public protection and disaster relief 1 General objectives Public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) radiocommunication systems aim to achieve the following ge
36、neral objectives: a) to provide radiocommunications that are vital to the achievement of: the maintenance of law and order; response to emergency situations and protection of life and property; response to disaster relief situations; b) to provide the services as identified above in item a) over a w
37、ide range of geographic coverage areas, including urban, suburban, rural and remote environments; c) to aid the provision of future advanced solutions requiring high data rates, video and multimedia used by PPDR agencies and organizations; d) to support interoperability and interworking between netw
38、orks, both nationally and for cross-border operation, in emergency and disaster relief situations; e) to allow international operation and roaming of mobile and portable units; f) to make efficient and economical use of the radio spectrum, consistent with providing services at an acceptable cost; g)
39、 to accommodate a variety of mobile terminals from those which are small enough to be carried on ones person to those which are mounted on vehicles; h) to encourage the cooperation between countries for the provision of effective and appropriate humanitarian assistance during disaster relief situati
40、ons; i) to make available PPDR radiocommunications at reasonable costs in all markets; j) to support the needs of developing countries, including the provision for low-cost solutions for PPDR agencies and organizations. 6 Rep. ITU-R M.2033 2 Technical objectives Systems for PPDR aim to achieve the f
41、ollowing technical objectives: a) to support the integration of voice, data, and image communication; b) to provide additional level(s) of security associated with the type of information carried over the communication channels associated with the various PPDR applications and operations; c) to supp
42、ort equipment that operates in extreme and diverse operational conditions (rough road, dust, extreme temperature, etc.); d) to accommodate the use of repeaters for covering long distances between terminals and base stations in rural and remote areas and also for intensive on-scene localized areas; e
43、) to provide fast call set-up, one touch broadcasting and group call features. 3 Operational objectives Systems for PPDR aim to achieve operational objectives, including the following: a) to provide security including end-to-end encryption, terminal/network authentication; b) to enable communication
44、s management to be controlled by PPDR agencies and organizations such as instant/dynamic reconfiguration change, set-up talk groups, guaranteed access including priority and pre-emption calls, groups or general calls, spectrum resource availability for multiple PPDR agencies and organizations, coord
45、ination and rerouting; c) to provide communications through the system/network and/or independent of the network such as direct mode operation (DMO), simplex radio and push-to-talk; d) to provide customized and reliable coverage especially for indoor areas such as under-ground and inaccessible areas
46、. To also allow for the extension of cell size or capacity in rural and remote areas or under severe conditions during emergency and disaster situations; e) to provide full service continuity through measures such as redundancy for emergency operations, prompt capacity increase to survive partial lo
47、ss of infrastructure crucial to effective mission compliance and the safety and security of PPDR personnel; f) to provide high quality of service including instant call set-up and instant push-to-talk, resilience under extreme load, very high call set-up success rate, etc. g) to take account of vari
48、ous PPDR applications. Rep. ITU-R M.2033 7 Annex 2 Radiocommunication requirements for public protection and disaster relief 1 Terminology 1.1 Public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) There are terminology differences between administrations and regions in the scope and specific meaning of PPDR.
49、 The following terms are appropriate for the purpose of discussing this issue: Public protection (PP) radiocommunication: Radiocommunications used by responsible agencies and organizations dealing with maintenance of law and order, protection of life and property, and emergency situations. Disaster relief (DR) radiocommunication: Radiocommunications used by agencies and organizations dealing with a serious disruption of the functioning of society, posing a significant, widespread threat to human life, health, property or the environment, whether caused by acciden
