1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T D.271 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2016) SERIES D: TARIFF AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT ECONOMIC AND POLICY ISSUES General tariff principles Charging and accounting
2、 principles for next generation networks (NGN) Charging and accounting principles for NGN Recommendation ITU-T D.271 ITU-T D-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TARIFF AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT ECONOMIC AND POLICY ISSUES TERMS AND DEFINITIONS D.0 GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES
3、Private leased telecommunication facilities D.1D.9 Tariff principles applying to data communication services over dedicated public data networks D.10D.39 Charging and accounting in the international public telegram service D.40D.44 Charging and accounting in the international telemessage service D.4
4、5D.49 Principles applicable to GII-Internet D.50D.59 Charging and accounting in the international telex service D.60D.69 Charging and accounting in the international facsimile service D.70D.75 Charging and accounting in the international videotex service D.76D.79 Charging and accounting in the inter
5、national phototelegraph service D.80D.89 Charging and accounting in the mobile services D.90D.99 Charging and accounting in the international telephone service D.100D.159 Drawing up and exchange of international telephone and telex accounts D.160D.179 International sound- and television-programme tr
6、ansmissions D.180D.184 Charging and accounting for international satellite services D.185D.189 Transmission of monthly international accounting information D.190D.191 Service and privilege telecommunications D.192D.195 Settlement of international telecommunication balances of accounts D.196D.209 Cha
7、rging and accounting principles for international telecommunication services provided over the ISDN D.210D.260 Economic and policy factors relevant to the efficient provision of international telecommunication services D.261D.269 Charging and accounting principles for next generation networks (NGN)
8、D.270D.279 Charging and accounting principles for universal personal telecommunication D.280D.284 Charging and accounting principles for intelligent network supported services D.285D.299 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGIONAL APPLICATION Recommendations applicable in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin D.300D.
9、399 Recommendations applicable in Latin America D.400D.499 Recommendations applicable in Asia and Oceania D.500D.599 Recommendations applicable to the African Region D.600D.699 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T D
10、.271 Charging and accounting principles for NGN Summary Recommendation ITU-T D.271 sets out the general principles and conditions applicable by administrations for the capability to transport IP packets over IP-based networks between standards-based interfaces and the services that they support. His
11、tory Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T D.271 2008-04-04 3 11.1002/1000/9318 2.0 ITU-T D.271 2016-10-25 3 11.1002/1000/12830 _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations un
12、ique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommuni
13、cation Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembl
14、y (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which
15、fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this
16、 Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory langua
17、ge such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Rec
18、ommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of a
19、pproval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the T
20、SB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Preamble . 1 2 Scope . 1 3 References . 1 4 T
21、erms and definitions . 1 4.1 Definitions 1 4.2 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Units, elements, parameters and concepts for charging network utilization 2 5.1 Charging units 3 5.2 Charge elements . 3 5.3 Charging periods 4 5.4 Viable combinations of charge elements 8 6 Charging end-customers . 8 6.1
22、Network access component 8 6.2 Network utilization component 9 7 Accounting between administrations 9 7.1 Network access component 9 7.2 Network utilization component 9 8 Charging parameters . 14 8.1 Charging parameters for DiffServ 14 8.2 Charging parameters for SIP-initiated services 14 8.3 Chargi
23、ng parameter for MPLS . 15 8.4 Charging parameter for CDN . 15 Bibliography. 16 Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T D.271 Charging and accounting principles for NGN 1 Preamble This Recommendation covers charging and accounting principles applicable to NGN services. 2 Scope This Recomme
24、ndation sets out the general principles and conditions applicable by administrations for the capability to transport IP packets over IP-based networks between standards-based interfaces and the services that they support. Specific charging and accounting principles for broadcasting issues are not cu
25、rrently addressed in this version of this Recommendation. 3 References None. 4 Terms and definitions 4.1 Definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 4.1.1 call: An association between endpoints that support an instance of a service. 4.1.2 chargeable packet rate (CPR): The chargeable
26、 packet rate of a session is a single packet rate parameter used to determine the reservation-based charge element for that session. The CPR is a computed simplification of the traffic contract values of the session to a single packet rate value. The concept of CPR applies only to charging and accou
27、nting. It is used only in the reservation-based charge element. The CPR is computed as a function of the session parameters, such as QoS class, source traffic descriptor and associated tolerances. The use and the calculation function for the CPR are administration-specific. 4.1.3 distance: Distance
28、in the context of this Recommendation is related to the facilities made available to the session between the applicable interfaces. It is administration-specific whether and how distance influences the charging parameters. If distance-dependent differentiation is used, an administration may choose t
29、o define distance regions or distance zones to simplify its implementation. 4.1.4 flow: A flow is defined as a set of IP packets passing an observation point in the network during a certain time interval b-ITU-T Y.2233. 4.1.5 session: A temporary telecommunications relationship among a group of obje
30、cts in the service stratum that are assigned to collectively fulfil a task for a period of time b-ITU-T Y.2091. 4.1.6 session active phase: The sessions active phase indicates the entire period between session establishment and session release. 4.1.7 session establishment: Session establishment indi
31、cates the moment the session has been set up and has become available to the user to transport packets. For sessions using signalling (or not), this corresponds to the entry into the active state. 2 Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) 4.1.8 session release: Session release indicates the moment the session ha
32、s become unavailable to the user to transport packets. For sessions using signalling (or not), this corresponds to the departure from the active state. 4.1.9 weighted charging rate (WCR): WCR is one of the reservation-usage-based charge methods for that session. As shown in the following formula, fo
33、r each charging parameter, the relevant weight will be negotiated between administrations. Tariff (Accounting) = CiWi where: Ci Charging Factor Wi relevant weighted rate 4.2 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: CAC Call Admission Control b-ITU
34、-T I.371 CDN Content Delivery Network CDR Charging Data Record CP_M(.) Charge Parameter Modification CP_R(.) Charge Parameter Reservation CP_S(.) Charge Parameter Session Set-up CP_U(.) Charge Parameter Usage CPR Chargeable Packet Rate DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point FSA Flow State Aware IN-
35、QOSM QoS Model for signalling Integrated Services controlled- load service with INI Inter-Network Interface OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance b-ITU-T I.610 PDV Packet Delay Variation b-ITU-T I.356 PPR Peak Packet Rate b-ITU-T I.371 QoS Quality of Service b-ITU-T I.356 SIP Session Initiat
36、ion protocol SLA Service Level Agreement UNI User Network Interface b-ITU-T I.112 and b-ITU-T I.413 5 Units, elements, parameters and concepts for charging network utilization This clause introduces the charging units, the charge elements and their parameters and the concepts recommended to be used
37、to charge for network utilization. The network utilization charges cover the costs related to the utilization of the network resources. Charge elements and their parameters are introduced below. The use (or not) of such elements and parameters and their values is administration-specific in case of c
38、harging, and subject to agreement between the administrations involved in case of accounting. Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) 3 5.1 Charging units The following charging units are applicable to NGN charging: In case duration is used as an element in the charge, the unit is millisecond (ms). In case a num
39、ber of byte is used as an element in the charge, the unit is byte per second (byte/s). In case usage is used as an element in the charge, the unit is a number of packets. NOTE To ease notation, an administration may choose to use kilo-bytes or megabyte as the unit in charging or accounting, instead
40、of a single byte; the same rule is applied to the packets. Such a choice does not affect the essence of charging or accounting. 5.2 Charge elements For charging individual sessions, the following elements may be used: session set-up charge element (see clause 5.2.1); session set-up attempt charge el
41、ement (if session set-up signalling is used, see clause 5.2.2); reservation-based charge element (see clause 5.2.3); usage-based charge element (see clause 5.2.4); SLA-based charge element (see clause 5.2.5). 5.2.1 Session set-up charge A session set-up charge may be applied to each successfully est
42、ablished session. This session set-up charge may reflect the resources to establish (and to release) the session, e.g., transport and processing of (or not) messages in all relevant nodes along the route, performing route calculations, performing CAC functions in all relevant nodes and the capacity
43、reserved during the session set-up phase in both directions. Its value is administration-specific in the case of charging end customers and subject to (bilateral) agreements between administrations in case of accounting. 5.2.2 Session set-up attempt charge element A session set-up attempt charge may
44、 be applied in case a session has not been successfully established. The session set-up attempt charge may reflect the resources to attempt the session set-up (see clause 5.2.1). NOTE For providing the user requested QoS, Diffserv, SIP was proposed by the IETF; ITU-T also proposes QoS signalling. Th
45、e application of such a session set-up attempt charge may depend on the reason for the failure of the attempt. Different policies may be applied according to the cause of the failure, e.g., failure by the network. Such policies are administration-specific in the case of charging end customers and su
46、bject to (bilateral) agreements between administrations in case of accounting. 5.2.3 Reservation-based charge element The reservation-based charge element applies a charge for the reservation made in the network for a specific session. It relates to the resources the administration reserves for the
47、duration of the session. For example, reservations are necessary to implement the QoS commitments applicable to the session. The reservation-based charge may depend on the QoS class, the SLA, the traffic descriptor declared by TE (terminal equipment), and the associated tolerances. An administration
48、 may choose to convert these parameters or some of these parameters into a single rate value expressing the reserved resources: the chargeable packet rate. The conversion from session parameters into a chargeable packet rate (CPR) is administration-specific. The reservation-based charge element is d
49、etermined by multiplying the value of the reservation charge parameter CP_R(.) applicable to the session with the value of the CPR (if applicable) and with the duration of the session. Another way for 4 Rec. ITU-T D.271 (10/2016) reservation-based charge is a WCR that is one of the reservation-usage-based charge element for that session. For each charging factor, the relevant weight can be negotiated with the telecom operator. The value of CP_R(.) may depend on the QoS class, the
