1、ITU-T RECMN*E*b00 93 4862593 0583337 438 = INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU TELEPHONE NETWORK AND ISDN E.600 (03/93) QUALITY OF SERVICE, NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ITU-T Recommenda
2、tion E.600 (Previously “CCilT Recommendation”) ITU-T RECMN*E.bOO 93 48b2591 0583338 374 FOREWORD The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the International Telecom- munication Union. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questio
3、ns and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, established the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommend
4、ations on these topics. ITU-T Recommendation E.600 was revised by the ITU-T Study Group II (1988-1993) and was approved by the WTSC (Helsinki, March 1-12, 1993). NOTES 1 As a consequence of a reform process within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the CCITT ceased to exist as of 28 Fe
5、bruary 1993. In its place, the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) was created as of 1 March 1993. Similarly, in this reform process, the CCIR and the IFRB have been replaced by the Radiocommunication Sector. In order not to delay publication of this Recommendation, no change has be
6、en made in the text to references containing the acronyms “CCITT, CCIR or IFRB” or their associated entities such as Plenary Assembly, Secretariat, etc. Future editions of this Recommendation will contain the proper terminology related to the new ITU structure. 2 telecommunication administration and
7、 a recognized operating agency. In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration” is used for conciseness to indicate both a O ITU 1994 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying a
8、nd microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. ITU-T RECMN*E=bOO 93 m 4862591 0583139 200 m CONTENTS 1 General theory 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 2 Calls 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2
9、.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 . communication . connection . resource . user telecommunications traffic; teletraffic poisson traffic; pure chance traffic . peakedness factor smooth traffic peaked traffic traffic intensity erlang traffic volume bid . seizure . idle (state) . busy (state) release . holding time
10、blocked mode of operation . delay mode of operation . call congestion waiting time; queuing time . time congestion . . call call intent call demand . call attempt first call attempt call string blocked call attempt abandoned call attempt . repeated call attempt; reattempt fully routed call attempt;
11、successful call attempt completed call attempt; effective call attempt completion ratio successful call . answer seizure ratio (ASR) . answer bid ratio (ABR) . calling rate dialling-time 3 Circuits . 3.1 circuit 3.2 trunk circuit . Recommendation E.600 (03193) Page 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
12、4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 i ITU-T R ECMN . 48b25L T22 . 3.3 one way . 3.4 two way . 3.5 circuit group 3.6 circuit subgroup 3.7 first choice circuit group . 3.8 high usage circuit group 3.9 final circuit group . 3.10 fully provided circuit group 4 Grade of service . grad
13、e of service (GOS) . quality of service variable . 4.4 post-dialling delay 4.5 answer signal delay . 4.6 incoming response delay . exchange call set-up delay 4.1 4.2 4.3 dial-tone delay 4.7 4.8 through-connection delay . 4.9 call release delay . 4.1 1 external blocking 4.12 end-to-end blocking 4.10
14、internal blocking . 5 Traffic engineering . 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 . busy hour average daily peak hour traffic . day to busy hour ratio . time consistent busy hour . traffic carried traff
15、ic offered effective traffic overflow traffic . blocked traffk . lost traffic; abandoned traffic suppressed traffic origin (of a call) destination (of a call) traffic relation . traffic matrix . terminating traffic . internal traffic . incoming traffic outgoing traffic . transit traffic traffic dist
16、ribution imbalance route traffic routing call routing originating traffic alternative route; alternate route . network cluster handover . equivalent random traffk Page 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 1
17、4 14 14 u Recommendation E.600 (03/93) INTRODUCTION This Recommendation provides terms and definitions for use in the field of traffic engineering. Traffic engineering includes measurements, forecasting, planning, dimensioning and performance monitoring. Traffic engineering has a goal of ensuring tr
18、afficability performance objectives for telecommunications services. Trafficability performance is one of the major factors in Quality of Service (QOS). Recommendation E.800 explains the relation of various Quality of Service factors and gives terms and definitions for Quality of Service concepts an
19、d for availability and reliability aspects. These terms and definitions have been developed, for the most part, from the practice of traffic engineering in traditional telephone networks. Many of these terms will continue to be applicable with their current definitions, in the ISDN era. Others might
20、 require modification or extension to deal with the new traffic engineering situations emerging in ISDNs. This is a subject for further study. The purpose of this vocabulary is to aid in the understanding of traffic engineering and related Recommendations. The terms defined here may also be defined
21、differently for applications outside the area of traffic engineering. Alternatives for the preferred terms are given following a semi-colon. . Recommendation E.600 (03/93) 111 ITU-T RECMN*E.b00 93 4Bb2591 0583142 8T5 Recommendation E.600 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Melbourne, 1988;
22、revised at Helsinki, 1993) LIST OF TERMS 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 General theory Communication Connection Resource User Telecommunications traffic; teletraffic Poisson traffic; pure chance traffic Peakedness fact
23、or Smooth traffic Peaked traffic Traffic intensity Erlang Traffic volume Calls Call Call intent Call demand Call attempt First call attempt Repeated call attempted; reattempt Call string Blocked call attempt Abandoned call attempt Circuits Circuit Trunk circuit One way Two way Circuit group 1.13 1.1
24、4 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 2.10 2.1 1 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 Bid Seizure Idle (state) Busy (state) Release Holding time Blocked mode of operation Delay mode of operation Call congestion Time congestion Waiting time; queuing time Fully routed call attem
25、pt; successful call attempt Completed call attempt; effective call attempt Successful call Completion ratio Answer seizure ratio Answer bid ratio Calling rate Dialling-time Circuit subgroup First choice circuit group High usage circuit group Final circuit group Fully provided circuit group Recommend
26、ation E.600 (03193) I 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 1 1.1 ITU-T RECflN*E.bOO 93 m 4862593 0583143 331 m Grade of service Grade of service Quality of service variable Dial-tone delay Post-dialling delay Answer-signal delay Incoming respo
27、nse delay Traffic engineering Busy hour Average daily peak hour traffic Time consistent busy hour Day to busy hour ratio Traffic carried Traffic offered Effective traffic Overflow traffic Blocked traffic Lost traffic; abandoned traffk Suppressed traffic Origin (of a call) Destination (of a call) Tra
28、ffic relation Traffic matrix General theory communication F: communication S: comunicacin 4.7 Exchange call set-up delay 4.8 Through-connection delay 4.9 Call release delay 4.10 Internal blocking 4.11 External blocking 4.12 End-to-end blocking 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5
29、.27 5.28 5.29 Originating traffic Terminating traffic Internal traffic Incoming traffic Outgoing traffic Transit traffic Traffic distribution imbalance Route Traffic routing Call routing Alternative route; alternate route Network cluster Equivalent random traffic Handover Transfer of infomation acco
30、rding to agreed conventions. The information flow need not be bidirectional. 1.2 connection F: connexion S: conexin An association of resources providing means for communication between two or more devices in, or attached to, a telecommunication network. 2 Recommendation E.600 (03193) ITU-T RECflN*E
31、-bOO 93 4862593 0583344 678 1.3 resource F: ressource S: rgano Any set of physically or conceptually identifiable entities within a telecommunications network, the use of which can be unambiguously determined. 1.4 user F: utilisateur S: usuario Any entity external to the network which utilizes conne
32、ctions through the network for communication. 1.5 telecommunications traffic; teletraffic F: trafic de tlcommunication: tltrafic S: trfico de telecomunicacin; teletrjco A process of events related to demands for the utilization of resources in a telecommunication network. 1.6 poisson traffic; pure c
33、hance trafic F: trafic poissonnien: trafic de pur hasard S: trfico poissoniano Traffic that has a Poisson distribution of arrivals. NOTE - Poisson traffic has a peakedness factor equal to 1. 1.7 peakedness factor F: facteur dirrgularit S: factor de irregularidad The ratio of variance to mean of traf
34、fic intensity. 1.8 smooth traffic F: trafic rgularis S: trfico con distribucin uniforme Traffic that has a peakedness factor less than 1. 1.9 peaked traffic F: trafic suwariant S: trfico con distribucin en pico Traffic that has a peakedness factor greater than 1. 1.10 traffic intensity F: intensit d
35、e trufic S: intensidad de trfico The instantaneous traffic in a pool of resources is the number of busy resources at a given instant of time. NOTES 1 Statistical moments may be calculated for a given period of time, for instance the mean traffic intensity (t1, 12) is related to the instantaneous tra
36、ffic intensity A(t) as Recommendation E.600 (03193) 3 ITU-T RECMN*E.bOO 93 m 48b259L 0583145 50V in applications, the term traffic intensity usually has this meaning of mean traffic intensity. 2 3 Traffic intensity is equivalent to the product of arrival rate and mean holding time. The unit usually
37、used for iraffic intensity is the erlang (symbol: E). 1.11 erlang F: erlang S: erlang Unit of traffic intensity (symbol: E). 1 erlang is the traffic intensity in a pool of resources when just one of the resources is busy. 1.12 traffic volume F: voIume de trafic S: volumen de trfico The traffk volume
38、 in a given time interval is the time integral of the traffic intensity over this time interval. NOTES 1 2 Traffic volume is equivalent to the sum of the holding times in the given time interval. A unit of tentativa de toma A single attempt to obtain the use of a resource of the type under considera
39、tion. destination. NOTE - in a network management context, the absence of a qualification implies a bid to a circuit group, a route or a 1.14 seizure F: prise s: tom A bid that obtains the use of a resource of the typ 1.15 idle (state) F: libre S: reposo (estado de); estado libre Condition of a reso
40、urce that is free to be seized. 1.16 busy (state) F: occup S: ocupado (estado de) Condition of a resource following its seizure. 1.17 release F: libration S: liberacin under consideration. The event which changes the condition of a resource from busy to ide. 4 Recommendation E.600 (OY93) ITU-T RECMN
41、*E.bOO 93 = 4862592 05832Yb 440 = 1.18 holding time F: dure doccupation S: tiempo de ocupacin; tiempo de retencin The time between the seizure of a resource and its release. 1.19 blocked mode of operation F: mode dexploitation avec blocage S: modo de operacin con bloqueo A mode of operation in which
42、 bids which find no suitable resources idle and accessible are not permitted to wait. 1.20 delay mode of operation F: mode dexploitation avec attente S: modo de operacin con espera A mode of operation in which bids which find no suitable resources idle and accessible are permitted to wait. 1.21 call
43、 congestion F: encombrement dappel S: congestin de llamadas The probability that a bid to a particular pool of resources will not result in an immediate seizure. 1.22 time congestion F: congestion temporelle S: congestin temporal The proportion of time that a particular pool of resources does not co
44、ntain any idle resource. 1.23 waiting time; queuing time F: temps de mise en attente S: tiempo de espera; tiempo de cola In delay mode of operation, the time interval between the bid for a resource and its seizure. 2 Calls 2.1 call F: appel S: llamada A generic term related to the establishment, uti
45、lization and release of a connection. Normally a qualifier is necessary to make clear the aspect being considered, e.g. call attempt. 2.2 call intent F: intention dappel S: intencin de llamada The desire to establish a connection to a user. calling users expectation of poor Quality of Service perfor
46、mance at a particular time. NOTE - This would normally be manifested by a call demand. However, demands may be suppressed or delayed by the Recommendation E.600 (03/93) 5 ITU-T RECNN*E.bOO 93 m 4862593 0583147 387 m 2.3 caildemand F: demande dappel S: demanda de llamada A call intent that results in
47、 a first call attempt. 2.4 call attempt F: tentative dappel S: intento de 1lamada;tentativa de llamada An attempt to achieve a connection to one or more devices attached to a telecommunications network. all subsequent activity related to the establishment of the connection. NOTE - At a given point i
48、n the network a call attempt is manifested by a single unsuccessful bid, or a successful bid and 2.5 first call attempt F: premire tentative dappel S: primer intento de llamada; prihera tentativa de llamada The first attempt of a call demand that reaches a given point of the network. 2.6 repeated ca
49、ii attempt; reattempt F: tentative dappel rpte S: intento de llamada; tentativa de llamada repetida Any of the call attempts subsequent to a first call attempt related to a given caU demand. NOTE - Repeated call attempts may be manual, i.e. generated by humans, or automatic, Le. generated by machines. 2.7 call string F: chane dappel S: cadena de llamada All the call attempts related to a single demand. 2.8 blocked call attempt F: tentative dappel bloque S: intento de llamada bloqueado; tentativa de llamada bloqueada A call attempt tha
