1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T F.747.5TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (01/2014) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Audiovisual services Requirements and functional architecture of an automatic location identification system for ubiquitous sensor network
2、(USN) applications and services Recommendation ITU-T F.747.5 ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE Operating methods for the international public telegram service F.1F.19 The gentex network F.20F.29 Message switching F.30F.39 The international tele
3、message service F.40F.58 The international telex service F.59F.89 Statistics and publications on international telegraph services F.90F.99 Scheduled and leased communication services F.100F.104 Phototelegraph service F.105F.109 MOBILE SERVICE Mobile services and multidestination satellite services F
4、.110F.159 TELEMATIC SERVICES Public facsimile service F.160F.199 Teletex service F.200F.299 Videotex service F.300F.349 General provisions for telematic services F.350F.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES F.400F.499 DIRECTORY SERVICES F.500F.549 DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication F.550F.579 Pro
5、gramming communication interfaces F.580F.599 DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICES F.600F.699 AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES F.700F.799ISDN SERVICES F.800F.849 UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION F.850F.899 HUMAN FACTORS F.900F.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T F.747
6、.5 (01/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T F.747.5 Requirements and functional architecture of an automatic location identification system for ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications and services Summary Recommendation ITU-T F.747.5 defines the functional requirements, architecture and entities of aut
7、omatic location identification in ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs). History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*1.0 ITU-T F.747.5 2014-01-13 16 11.1002/1000/12052-en Keywords Automatic positioning capability, location-based services, sensor location information. _ *To access the R
8、ecommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T F.747.5 (01/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Natio
9、ns specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations o
10、n them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of
11、ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is
12、used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with
13、the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required
14、of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual
15、Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However
16、, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
17、 written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T F.747.5 (01/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Requirements for ALI systems . 2 6.1 General requi
18、rements 2 6.2 High-level requirements . 3 7 Functional architecture of the ALI system for USN applications and services 4 7.1 Functional architecture . 4 7.2 Functional entities 4 Appendix I Relationship between open USN service platform and ALI capabilities 6 Appendix II Information flow of ALI ser
19、vices . 7 II.1 Resource registration 7 II.2 Positioning process . 8 II.3 Configuration process . 8 Appendix III ALI scenarios for USN applications and services . 10 III.1 Location identification for sensor nodes working in complex environments 10 III.2 Continuing location identification for sensor n
20、odes in a changing physical environment 11 III.3 Location identification for sensor nodes using sensing and actuating techniques . 12 III.4 Configuration for sensor nodes with limited processing capabilities . 13 III.5 Location identification for sensor nodes in a resource-limited USN environment 13
21、 Bibliography. 15 iv Rec. ITU-T F.747.5 (01/2014) Introduction With the help of numerous sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and other end-node devices, the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) can provide information exchange without any human intervention, for example, it is possible to
22、 monitor the weather in one particular area of China from the ITU office in Geneva by means of humidity and temperature sensors, and it is also possible to display traffic flow information for London via the velocity sensors on mobile phones. These trillions of new USN applications and services are
23、built using three basic elements data, time and location. With the increase in USN applications and services, new positioning methods are being created and automatic location identification (ALI) capabilities need to be added to the open USN service platform which provide unified accessibility to US
24、N resources and which allows the data of USN applications to take full advantage of the USN capabilities. Rec. ITU-T F.747.5 (01/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.747.5 Requirements and functional architecture of an automatic location identification system for ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applicatio
25、ns and services 1 Scope The automatic location identification (ALI) capability enables a device to discover its own location. The ALI system can be deployed along with network equipment or independently integrated with end-node devices. It can be used in various networks such as a mobile network, th
26、e Internet, or a low power wireless network. The scope of this Recommendation includes: requirements of the ALI system the functional architecture of the ALI system within an open USN service platform Specific scenarios of the ALI system. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other re
27、ferences contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to i
28、nvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the
29、 status of a Recommendation. ITU-T F.744 Recommendation ITU-T F.744 (2009), Service description and requirements for ubiquitous sensor network middleware. ITU-T F.747.4 Recommendation ITU-T F.747.4 (2014), Requirements and functional architecture for the open ubiquitous sensor network service platfo
30、rm. ITU-T Y.2221 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2221 (2010), Requirements for support of ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications and services in the NGN environment. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 open USN service ITU-T F.
31、747.4: USN service which provides unified access to USN resources and sensed data/semantic data through heterogeneous USN middleware. 3.1.2 sensor ITU-T Y.2221: An electronic device that senses a physical condition or chemical compound and delivers an electronic signal proportional to the observed c
32、haracteristic. 3.1.3 sensor network ITU-T Y.2221: A network comprised of interconnected sensor nodes exchanging sensed data by wired or wireless communication. 3.1.4 sensor node ITU-T Y.2221: A device consisting of sensor(s) and optional actuator(s) with capabilities of sensed data processing and ne
33、tworking. 2 Rec. ITU-T F.747.5 (01/2014) 3.1.5 ubiquitous sensor network (USN) ITU-T Y.2221: A conceptual network built over existing physical networks which makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at any time, and where the information is generated by using
34、context awareness. 3.1.6 USN middleware ITU-T Y.2221: A set of logical functions to support USN applications and services. 3.1.7 USN resource ITU-T F.747.4: An entity that provides a USN service including sensor, actuator, sensor node, sensor network and gateway. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommenda
35、tion This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 ALI service: A service which provides the best accessible positioning results to USN applications through heterogeneous USN middleware and open USN service platform provisioning based on the use of standard interfaces. 3.2.2 ALI system: An
36、ALI system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements to offer an ALI service. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: ALI Automatic Location Identification API Application Programming
37、Interface CDMA Code Division Multiple Access FE Functional Entity GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System for Mobile RFID Radio Frequency Identification USN Ubiquitous Sensor Network UWB Ultra-Wideband 5 Conventions No specific conventions have been used in this Recommendation. 6 Requirement
38、s for ALI systems 6.1 General requirements The following are the general requirements of the ALI system which address the minimum requirements of the location identification system for USN applications and services: ALI systems should coexist with existing location-related standards defined by other
39、 SDOs such as 3GPP2 b-3GPP2 IP-BLS and b-3GPP2 b-MAPLS, 3GPP b-3GPP LCS, and OMA b-OMA SUPL and b-OMA MLS. It is recommended that the introduction of an ALI system does not have any negative impact on the operation and performance of existing standards. Rec. ITU-T F.747.5 (01/2014) 3 The functions i
40、ntroduced by the ALI system are recommended to be either hosted in existing function elements of the USN or in completely new physical entities. The ALI system is required to not impose any modifications on the architecture or functionality of underlying network technology. It is recommended that al
41、l ALI location data be time-stamped, and the USN application and service are required to use the most recent data available. The ALI system is required to provide mechanisms to prevent denial of service attacks. The ALI system is required to ensure that data is protected in all transactions, in acco
42、rdance with the users privacy preferences, except for when this information is required for emergency or lawful purposes depending on local/regional regulations. The architecture is recommended to support the storage of location information for a sensor node so that it may be available later, if req
43、uired. ALI capability is required in order to allow support for location requests, regardless of a users privacy preferences, when associated with emergency services and applicable by local regulations. The ALI system is required to support sensor node-initiated and network-initiated positioning for
44、 emergency location requests. It is required that emergency services location information requests are given a higher priority over other location information requests, based on local regulatory requirements. 6.2 High-level requirements The following are the high-level requirements of the ALI system
45、, which specify the users needs for automatic location identification for the ubiquitous sensor network. Supporting seamless positioning techniques: The ALI system is recommended to support seamless positioning techniques. This could be accomplished by automatically changing to other suitable techni
46、ques when the currently operating positioning technique cannot determine the location, or the positioning result is not acceptable. Supporting hybrid positioning techniques: The ALI system is recommended to support location identification by combining more than one positioning technique when a singl
47、e positioning technique cannot specify the exact location of the device. It is also recommended to support the process of choosing the best-fit positioning technique from the many available techniques. Supporting USN location identification techniques: The device utilizes USN techniques to determine
48、 its location, such as an image processing technique, RFID or a gyroscope technique. The ALI system is recommended to support these techniques. Positioning data compression and conflict control management: When portable devices periodically update their location, network performance could be affecte
49、d if a large number of USN devices are working in an inadequate network environment. It is recommended that ALI systems support conflict control and compression of the positioning data to reduce this problem. Conversion of coordinates: Location information is shared to support many USN applications which use different coordinates; as a result, the ALI system is recommended to support the uniformity of coordinates and the possible conversion of coordinates. 4 Rec. IT
