1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T F.921 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2017) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Accessibility and human factors Audio-based network navigation system for persons with vision impairment Rec
2、ommendation ITU-T F.921 ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE Operating methods for the international public telegram service F.1F.19 The gentex network F.20F.29 Message switching F.30F.39 The international telemessage service F.40F.58 The internat
3、ional telex service F.59F.89 Statistics and publications on international telegraph services F.90F.99 Scheduled and leased communication services F.100F.104 Phototelegraph service F.105F.109 MOBILE SERVICE Mobile services and multidestination satellite services F.110F.159 TELEMATIC SERVICES Public f
4、acsimile service F.160F.199 Teletex service F.200F.299 Videotex service F.300F.349 General provisions for telematic services F.350F.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES F.400F.499 DIRECTORY SERVICES F.500F.549 DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication F.550F.579 Programming communication interfaces F.5
5、80F.599 DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICES F.600F.699 MULTIMEDIA SERVICES F.700F.799 ISDN SERVICES F.800F.849 UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION F.850F.899 ACCESSIBILITY AND HUMAN FACTORS F.900F.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) i Recomm
6、endation ITU-T F.921 Audio-based network navigation system for persons with vision impairment Summary Recommendation ITU-T F.921 explains how audio-based network navigation systems can be designed to ensure that they are inclusive and meet the needs of persons with visual impairments. Recommendation
7、 ITU-T F.921 adopts a technology neutral approach by defining and explaining the functional characteristics of the system. The aim is to give designers of audio-based network navigation systems the information that they need at the initial stages of development to anticipate and overcome any restric
8、tions and barriers that prevent users with visual impairments from making full and independent use of the built environment. Recommendation ITU-T F.921 explains how to accommodate users experience of audio-based network navigation systems and ensure the interoperability of those systems. This Recomm
9、endation recognizes that by meeting the user needs of persons with visual impairments, audio-based network navigation systems may also benefit persons with other disabilities, age-related conditions and specific needs, as well as the general public. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Grou
10、p Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T F.921 2017-03-01 16 11.1002/1000/13185 Keywords Accessibility, audio-based, network navigation system, persons with disabilities. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique
11、 ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunicati
12、on Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (W
13、TSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall
14、 within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Rec
15、ommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language s
16、uch as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recomme
17、ndation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of appro
18、val of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB p
19、atent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Te
20、rms defined elsewhere: . 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 3 6 Design principles 3 7 Validation principles . 3 8 Directions 3 9 Audio instructions . 3 9.1 Components of an audio instruction . 3 9.2 Audio instructions Classification 4 10 Speci
21、fic features, landmarks and objects 5 10.1 Entrances and exits . 5 10.2 Pathways . 5 10.3 Decision points . 5 10.4 Tactile walking surface indicators 5 10.5 Escalators 6 10.6 Stairs . 6 10.7 Lifts . 6 10.8 Ticket control gates and barriers 7 10.9 Platforms . 7 11 Railway stations 7 12 Mobile app fea
22、tures 8 Appendix I Examples of an audio instruction . 9 Bibliography. 10 iv Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) Introduction This Recommendation explains how audio-based network navigation systems can be designed to ensure they are inclusive and meet the needs of persons with visual impairments. This Recomme
23、ndation adopts a technology neutral approach by defining and explaining the functional characteristics of the system. The aim is to give designers of audio-based navigation system the information that they need at the initial conception stage to anticipate and overcome any restrictions and barriers
24、that prevent users from making full and independent use of the built environment. Whilst existing audio-based network navigation systems have utilized mobile technologies to provide users with efficient, effective and satisfying wayfinding and the standards for the hardware, compatibility and intero
25、perability for mobile technologies may provide a useful basis for promoting audio-based navigation, this Recommendation explains how to accommodate the users experience of inclusive audio-based network navigation systems (IABNNSs) and ensure the interoperability of those systems. This Recommendation
26、 recognizes that, by meeting the user needs of persons with visual impairments, IABNNSs can also benefit persons with other disabilities, age-related conditions and specific needs, as well as the general public. This Recommendation can be applied to IABNNSs in a variety of built environments, includ
27、ing those in urban or rural settings. NOTE This Recommendation on audio-based network navigation systems does not consider the specialized requirements of people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.921 Audio-based network navigation system for persons
28、 with vision impairment 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies requirements for the design of inclusive audio-based network navigation systems (IABNNSs) to accommodate users with vision impairment as well as users with a wide range of characteristics and capabilities. This Recommendation aims to help
29、 design professionals to achieve an inclusive environment through IABNNSs that augment the physical environment by the provision of aural information about environments for users. This Recommendation does not consider the specialized requirements of people who are deaf or hard of hearing. In additio
30、n, while this Recommendation recognizes the necessity of providing audio-based network navigation outputs in languages determined by the user, it is beyond scope of this Recommendation to provide a specific solution. However, implementers should not implement an audio-based network navigation soluti
31、on that only uses the English language. Future work aims, among other things, to address this issue, and will explore the use of meta-coding for providing a flexible user-centric translation system. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, throu
32、gh reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying t
33、he most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ISO 23599:2
34、012 ISO 23599:2012, Assistive products for blind and vision-impaired persons Tactile walking surface indicators. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 accessibility b-ITU-T F.791: The degree to which a product, device, service
35、, or environment (virtual or real) is available to as many people as possible. 3.1.2 disability b-ITU-T F.791: Any restriction or inability to perform a function or activity in the manner or the range considered average or accepted functionality, resulting from an impairment or reduction of ability,
36、 than can be either permanent or temporary. 3.1.3 impairment b-ITU-T F.791: Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. 3.1.4 persons with age related disabilities b-ITU-T F.791: Persons when they age, often develop cognitive and physical disabilitie
37、s that are caused by the aging process itself. Examples are diminished eyesight, deafness in varying degrees, reduced mobility, or cognitive abilities. 3.1.5 persons with specific needs b-ITU-T F.791: Includes persons with disabilities (PWD), persons who are not literate, those with learning disabil
38、ities, children, indigenous people, older persons with age related disabilities, and anyone who has a temporary disability. 2 Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) 3.1.6 platform accessibility features b-ITU-T F.791: Accessibility functionality provided as standard on a particular hardware/software platform. 3
39、.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 audio alert: Aural signal designed to precede audio instructions. 3.2.2 audio instruction: Aural message to provide wayfinding instructions and directions for users of audio-based network navigation system
40、s (IABNNSs). 3.2.3 cardinal coordinates: Means of communicating general directions to a user based on points of a compass where North is straight ahead. 3.2.4 clock face directions: Means of communicating general directions to a user by reference to the positions of the hours on an analogue clock wi
41、th 12 oclock being straight ahead. 3.2.5 countable delimiter: Word or phrase that uses numbers to communicate directions, e.g., the first (corridor). 3.2.6 decision point: Crossing or intersection of a pathway, e.g., a route to a railway station ticket gate for departing passengers and the gate for
42、arriving passengers. 3.2.7 degree directions: Means of communicating general directions to a user by reference to the degrees of a circle, with 0 being straight ahead. 3.2.8 descriptive delimiter: Word or phrase that describes an object or an environmental feature to communicate directions, e.g., th
43、e lower (concourse). 3.2.9 directional delimiter: Word and phrase that usually follows a verb and communicates direction, e.g., left. 3.2.10 egocentric frame of reference: Reference frame in which the spatial layout and orientation are communicated based on the individuals current location and viewp
44、oint. 3.2.11 inclusive audio-based network navigation system (IABNNS): Technologies used to augment the physical environment by the provision of an audio version of that environment for users. 3.2.12 journey completed notification alert: A sequence of short three-note rising pitch sounds of equal du
45、ration provided when the scheduled journey is complete. They are different to mobile device operating system alerts. 3.2.13 landmark: Feature in the physical environment, e.g., an isolated column. 3.2.14 notification alert: A sequence of short two-note sounds of equal duration provided just before a
46、udio alerts and audio instructions to notify the user of an impending audio alert or audio instruction. This is different to a mobile device operating system alert. 3.2.15 object: Small feature in the physical environment, e.g., a lift control button. 3.2.16 orthogonal: Means of communicating genera
47、l directions to a user that is different to the degree approach and uses directions based on 90 angles from a direction straight ahead. 3.2.17 pathways: corridors, ramps, tunnels, subways, escalators, stairs or lifts (elevators), footways and road crossings. 3.2.18 person with a disability: person w
48、ho has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on her or his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. NOTE b-UNCRPD covers the rights of people with disabilities. Rec. ITU-T F.921 (03/2017) 3 3.2.19 platform: A boarding facility to provide access
49、 to rail-mounted vehicles. 3.2.20 proportional directions: Means of communicating general directions to a user that is different to the clock face or degree approach and uses terms like straight, ahead, left and right. 3.2.21 segment: Distinctive area in an environment, e.g., a railway station forecourt. 3.2.22 sequential delimiter: Word or phrase that limits the relationship of one object to communicate directions, e.g., after (the gates). 3.2.23 vision impairment: A vision loss that cannot be corrected b
