1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T T.809TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (08/2007) SERIES T: TERMINALS FOR TELEMATIC SERVICES Still-image compression JPEG 2000 Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data ITU-T Recommendation T.
2、809 ITU-T T-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TERMINALS FOR TELEMATIC SERVICES Facsimile Framework T.0T.19 Still-image compression Test charts T.20T.29 Facsimile Group 3 protocols T.30T.39 Colour representation T.40T.49 Character coding T.50T.59 Facsimile Group 4 protocols T.60T.69 Telematic services Framework
3、 T.70T.79 Still-image compression JPEG-1, Bi-level and JBIG T.80T.89 Telematic services ISDN Terminals and protocols T.90T.99 Videotext Framework T.100T.109 Data protocols for multimedia conferencing T.120T.149 Telewriting T.150T.159 Multimedia and hypermedia framework T.170T.189 Cooperative documen
4、t handling T.190T.199 Telematic services Interworking T.300T.399 Open document architecture T.400T.429Document transfer and manipulation T.430T.449 Document application profile T.500T.509 Communication application profile T.510T.559 Telematic services Equipment characteristics T.560T.649 Still-image
5、 compression JPEG 2000 T.800T.849 Still-image compression JPEG-1 extensions T.850T.899 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. T.809 (08/2007) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15444-10 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION T.809 Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding
6、 system: Extensions for three-dimensional data Summary ITU-T Recommendation T.809 | ISO/IEC 15444-10 is a work item subdivision of ISO/IEC 15444 that provides extensions of ITU-T Recommendation T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Recommendation T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for logically cuboidal data sets.
7、 In particular, it respects all existing capabilities and syntax of ITU-T Recommendation T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and part of the existing capabilities of ITU-T Recommendation T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for multi-component images, while providing alternatives and extensions to some of those capabilities
8、. Within these constraints, it provides an isotropic specification for three-dimensional data sets; i.e., the project provides identical processing capabilities in all three dimensions even though ITU-T Recommendation T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Recommendation T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 codestrea
9、m syntax differentiates between the two spatial axes and the cross-component axis. The context models currently used in this Recommendation | International Standard are as in ITU-T Recommendation T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Recommendation T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Improved context models will b
10、e introduced through an amendment. Source ITU-T Recommendation T.809 was approved on 29 August 2007 by ITU-T Study Group 16 (2005-2008) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure. An identical text is also published as ISO/IEC 15444-10. ii ITU-T Rec. T.809 (08/2007) FOREWORD The International Tele
11、communication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and t
12、ariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Reco
13、mmendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recomm
14、endation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. interoperabi
15、lity or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that comp
16、liance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validit
17、y or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be require
18、d to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
19、 by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. T.809 (08/2007) iii CONTENTS Page Introduction iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 2 6 General description. 3 Annex A Codestream synta
20、x, extension . 4 A.1 Extended capabilities . 4 A.2 Extensions to ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 marker segment parameters 5 Annex B Image and compressed image data ordering, extension. 16 B.1 Introduction . 16 B.2 Introduction to image data structure concep
21、ts . 16 B.3 Component mapping to the reference grid 16 B.4 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . 16 B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and sub-bands . 18 B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts. 19 B.7 Division of sub-bands into code-blocks . 20 B.
22、8 Packets 20 B.9 Packet header information coding. 20 B.10 Progression order 21 Annex C Coefficient bit modelling 23 C.1 Introduction . 23 C.2 Code-block scan pattern within code-blocks, extended . 23 C.3 Context model updates. 23 Annex D Discrete wavelet transformation of tile-components 24 D.1 Int
23、roduction . 24 D.2 Tile-component parameters. 24 D.3 Discrete wavelet transformations 24 D.4 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation . 24 D.5 Forward transformation (informative) . 32 Annex E Coding of images with regions of interest, extension 39 E.1 Introduction . 39 E.2 Decoding of ROI. 39 E.3 En
24、coding with ROI (informative) . 40 E.4 Region of interest mask generation . 42 E.5 Remarks on region of interest coding 44 Annex F Examples and guidelines, extensions. 45 F.1 Rate-distortion modelling . 45 Bibliography . 46 iv ITU-T Rec. T.809 (08/2007) Introduction The International Organization fo
25、r Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of Recommendations | International Standards through technical committees establish
26、ed by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the fie
27、ld of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Recommendations | International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare Recommendati
28、ons | International Standards. Draft Recommendations | International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as a Recommendation | International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies casting a vote. ITU-
29、T Rec. T.809 | ISO/IEC 15444-10 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information Technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of Audio, Picture, Multimedia and Hypermedia Information. ISO/IEC 15444 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology JPEG 200
30、0 image coding system: Part 1: Core coding system Part 2: Extensions Part 3: Motion JPEG 2000 Part 4: Conformance testing Part 5: Reference software Part 6: Compound image file format Part 8: Secure JPEG 2000 Part 9: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols Part 10: Extensions for three-dimensional d
31、ata Part 11: Wireless Part 12: ISO base media file format Part 13: Entry Level JPEG 2000 Encoder ISO/IEC 15444-10:2008 (E) ITU-T Rec. T.809 (08/2007) 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data 1 Scope ITU-
32、T Rec. T.809 | ISO/IEC 15444-10 is a work item subdivision of ISO/IEC 15444 that provides extensions of ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for logically cuboidal data sets. In particular, it respects all existing capabilities and syntax of ITU-T Rec. T.800 | IS
33、O/IEC 15444-1 and part of the existing capabilities of ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for multi-component images, while providing alternatives and extensions to some of those capabilities. Within these constraints, it provides an isotropic specification for three-dimensional data sets; i.e., the
34、 project provides identical processing capabilities in all three dimensions even though ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 codestream syntax differentiates between the two spatial axes and the cross-component axis. The context models currently used in this Reco
35、mmendation | International Standard are as in ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Improved context models will be introduced through an amendment. 2 Normative references The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through
36、 reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation | International Standard ar
37、e encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of current
38、ly valid ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Recommendation T.800 (2002) | ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004, Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system. ITU-T Recommendation T.801 (2002) | ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004, Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions. 3 Terms and
39、definitions For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 3D bit-block: A three-dimensional array of bits. In this Recommendation | International Standard, a 3D bit-block refers to all the bits of the same magnitude in all coefficients or samp
40、les. This could refer to a 3D bit-block in a component, tile-component, 3D code-block, region of interest, or other. 3.2 3D code-block: A rectangular three-dimensional grouping of coefficients from the same sub-band of a tile-component. 3.3 3D code-block scan: The order in which the coefficients wit
41、hin a 3D code-block are visited during a coding pass. The 3D code-block is processed in stripes, each consisting of four rows (or all remaining rows if less than four) and spanning the width of the 3D code-block. Each stripe is processed column by column from top to bottom and from left to right. Th
42、e complete 3D code-block is consequently scanned slice by slice. Within a slice, ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 is followed. 3.4 component (update of ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): Compressed data from the codestream representing a single set of two- or three-dimensional data. 3.5 conformi
43、ng reader (update of ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): An application that reads and interprets a JP3D file correctly. 3.6 decomposition level (update of ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): A collection of sub-bands where each coefficient has the same spatial impact or span with respect to the o
44、riginal samples. These include the H|L|XH|L|XH|L|X sub-band (e.g., LLL, LXL, XXH, , exclusive XXX) split out of the three-dimensional decomposition sublevels. ISO/IEC 15444-10:2008 (E) 2 ITU-T Rec. T.809 (08/2007) 3.7 H|L|XH|L|XH|L|X sub-band: H refers to high-pass filtering and L to low-pass filter
45、ing, while X refers to no filtering. The filter specified first refers to the horizontal filtering, the second to the vertical filtering and the third to the axial filtering (i.e., respectively along X-, Y- and Z-axes). The filter ordering for this sub-band should always be respected. The reconstruc
46、tion will follow the inverse filtering order. NOTE The XXX sub-band does not exist (as defined in 3.6). 3.8 image (update of ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): The set of all components, which can have either two- or three-spatial dimensions. 3.9 image area offset (update of ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO
47、/IEC 15444-1): The number of reference grid points down, to the right (and to an increased axial position) of the reference grid origin. 3.10 intermediate component (update of ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): A single two- or three-dimensional array of data involved in a stage of a multiple comp
48、onent transformation. 3.11 raster order (update of ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): A particular sequential order of data of any type within an array. The raster order starts with the top left data point of the first slice and moves to the data point immediately to the right, and so on to the en
49、d of the row. After the end of the row is reached, the next data point in the sequence is the left-most data point immediately below the current row. This order is continued to the end of the slice. Thereafter the next slice is processed in case of a three-dimensional array. This order is continued to the end of the array. 3.12 resolution (update of ITU-T Rec. T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): The spatial relation of samples to a physical space. In this Recommendation | International
