1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T X.609.3 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (08/2017) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY OSI networking and system aspects Networking Managed P2P communications: Multimedia streamin
2、g signalling requirements Recommendation ITU-T X.609.3 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance
3、X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.26
4、0X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AN
5、D SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management communication service and proto
6、col X.710X.719 Structure of management information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, concurrency and recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.89
7、9 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE X.1500X.1599 CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY X.1600X.1699 Fo
8、r further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) i Recommendation ITU-T X.609.3 Managed P2P communications: Multimedia streaming signalling requirements Summary Recommendation ITU-T X.609.3 specifies signalling requirements for distributed multimedia
9、 streaming over managed P2P architecture. This Recommendation lists requirements on all reference points that are defined in Recommendation ITU-T X.609 for providing multimedia streaming services. This Recommendation also describes high-level procedures for multimedia streaming services over managed
10、 P2P architecture, and the roles of managed P2P components. In providing multimedia streaming service to a massive number of concurrent users by use of existing server-client model, there are limitations and problems such as bottleneck issues and burdens on network cost. If a massive number of users
11、 have access to a small number of servers, service providers may suffer from bottleneck problems, which signify additional network costs to service providers. The problem is worse in the case of ultra high definition (UHD) video streaming. In case of peer-to-peer (P2P)-based video streaming, each pe
12、er that is participating in the same session shares their resources to distribute stream data with each other. P2P-based streaming is much more scalable compared to the server-client model, and accommodates a massive number of concurrent users. This Recommendation addresses signalling requirements f
13、or providing managed P2P (MP2P)-based multimedia streaming services for further protocol specifications. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T X.609.3 2017-08-29 11 11.1002/1000/13345 Keywords Managed P2P, requirements, signalling, streaming. * To access the Recomm
14、endation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations sp
15、ecialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on the
16、m with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T
17、 Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used
18、for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the R
19、ecommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of an
20、y party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Proper
21、ty Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, impl
22、ementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior writt
23、en permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Service architecture 3 7 Multimedia streaming procedu
24、res and components . 4 7.1 Procedures for multimedia streaming services on MP2P architecture . 4 7.2 Roles of MP2P components for multimedia streaming 6 8 Signalling requirements of each reference point 6 8.1 Signalling requirements of reference point R1 (PAMS-OMS) 6 8.2 Signalling requirements of r
25、eference point R2 (PAMS-Peer) 7 8.3 Signalling requirements of reference point R3 (OMS-UNIS) 7 8.4 Signalling requirements of reference point R4 (UNIS-Peer) . 8 8.5 Signalling requirements of reference point R5 (Peer-OMS) 8 8.6 Signalling requirements of reference point R6 (Peer-IXS) 9 8.7 Signallin
26、g requirements of reference point R7 (OMS-UMS) 9 8.8 Signalling requirements of reference point R8 (OMS-CS) 9 8.9 Signalling requirements of reference point R9 (OMS-RS) 10 8.10 Signalling requirements of reference point R10 (Peer-Peer) 10 8.11 Signalling requirements of reference point R11 (Source-P
27、eer) 11 8.12 Signalling requirements of reference point R12 (Source-CS) 12 Bibliography. 13 Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) 1 Recommendation ITU-T X.609.3 Managed P2P communications: Multimedia streaming signalling requirements 1 Scope This Recommendation describes signalling requirements and service a
28、rchitecture for providing multimedia streaming services based on managed peer-to-peer network. It also describes a service architecture for providing stable and scalable streaming services by defining additional functionalities and requirements of related components defined in ITU-T X.609. 2 Referen
29、ces The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users
30、of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendat
31、ion does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T X.609 Recommendation ITU-T X.609 (2015), Managed P2P communications: Functional architecture. ITU-T X.609.1 Recommendation ITU-T X.609.1 (2016), Managed P2P communications: Peer activity management protocol (PAMP)
32、. ITU-T X.609.2 Recommendation ITU-T X.609.2 (2016), Managed P2P communications: Overlay resource control protocol (ORCP). 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 overlay network b-ITU-T X. 1162: An overlay network is a virtual
33、network that runs on top of another network. Like any other network, the overlay network comprises a set of nodes and links between them. Because the links are logical ones, they may correspond to many physical links of the underlying network. 3.1.2 peer b-ITU-T X.1161: Communication node on P2P net
34、work that functions simultaneously as both “client“ and “server“ to the other nodes on the network. 3.1.3 peer-to-peer (P2P) b-ITU-T Y.2206: A system is considered to be P2P if the nodes of the system share their resources in order to provide the service the system supports. The nodes in the system
35、both provide services to other nodes and request services from other nodes. NOTE Peer is the node in a P2P system. 3.1.4 managed P2P b-ISO/IEC TR 20002: P2P with manageability features to manage the P2P-based service and P2P network by the P2P participants such as P2P service provider, ISP, and peer
36、. 3.1.5 buffermap ITU-T X.609: A map showing downloading status of fragments comprising a shared content. 3.1.6 resource virtualization ITU-T X.609: Making virtual resources comprised of the part or whole resources shared by the participating peers. The virtual resources can be utilized by peer for
37、a certain purpose. 2 Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) 3.1.7 fragment ITU-T X.609: A piece of the shared content. 3.1.8 fragmentation ITU-T X.609: A process that divides the shared content into multiple fragments for sharing the content in a distributed manner. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation Th
38、is Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 source peer: A peer that streams the multimedia contents to the overlay network. The peer only provides content data to other peers and does not receive it. This peer generates fragments using the multimedia data received from the contents source.
39、 3.2.2 client peer: A peer that sends fragments received from other peers to other peers, and does not generate its own fragments. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: CS Cache Server FTP File Transfer Protocol FW Firewall HTTP Hypertext Tra
40、nsport Protocol ISP Internet Service Provider IXS Index Server MP2P Managed peer-to-peer NAT Network Address Translation NTP Network Time Protocol OMS Overlay Management Server PAMP Peer Activity Management Protocol PAMS Peer Activity Management Server RS Relay Server RTP Real-time Transport Protoco
41、l UHD Ultra High Definition UMS User Management Server UNIS Underlying Network Information Server 5 Conventions In this Recommendation: The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted, if conformance to this Recommendation
42、 is to be claimed. The keywords “is recommended“ indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus, this requirement need not be present to claim conformance. The keywords “can optionally“ indicate an optional requirement which is permissible, without implying an
43、y sense of being recommended. This term is not intended to imply that Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) 3 the vendors implementation must provide the option, and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature
44、and still claim conformance with this Recommendation. The keyword “functions“ are defined as a collection of functionalities. It is represented by the following symbol in this Recommendation: The keyword “functional entity“ is defined as a group of functionalities that has not been further subdivide
45、d at the level of the detail described in this Recommendation. It is represented by the following symbol in this Recommendation: NOTE In the future, other groups or other Recommendations may possibly further subdivide these functional blocks. Frame borders of “functions“ and “functional entity“, and
46、 relational lines among “functions“ and “functional entity“ are drawn with solid lines or dashed lines. The solid lines mean required functionalities or relations. On the other hand, the dashed lines mean optional functionalities or relations. 6 Service architecture In providing multimedia streaming
47、 services, a source requests a source peer to prepare a streaming session. The source peer is a normal peer that is capable of interacting with the index server (IXS), the overlay management server (OMS), the peer activity management server (PAMS) and peers. It creates an overlay network to the OMS
48、and register channel information to the IXS. On receiving streams from the source, the source peer slices the streams into multiple fragments. It is also possible to push the stream to the cache server (CS) directly, and the CS takes the role of slicing instead of that of a source peer. The protocol
49、 between source peer and the CS is the same as the peer protocol. Functions Functional Entity 4 Rec. ITU-T X.609.3 (08/2017) Figure 1 Architectural overview of multimedia streaming service on MP2P architecture Figure 1 shows an architectural overview for multimedia streaming services over managed P2P networking infrastructure that is defined in ITU-T X.609. 7 Multimedia streaming procedures and components This clause outlines the steps to take in the managed peer-to-peer (MP2P)-based
