1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU X.920 (1 2/97) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COM M U N I CATI ON S Open distributed processing Information technology - Open distributed processing - Interface definition language TU-T Recommendatio
2、n X.920 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities Interfaces Transmission, signalling and switching Network aspects Maintenance Administrative arrangements OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION Mod
3、el and notation Service definitions Connection-mode protocol specifications Connectionless-mode protocol specifications PICS proformas Protocol Identification Security Protocols Layer Managed Objects Conformance testing General Satellite data transmission systems MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS DIRECTORY O
4、S1 NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS Networking Efficiency Quality of service Naming, Addressing and Registration Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) Systems Management framework and architecture Management Communication Service and Protocol Structure of Management Informa
5、tion Management functions and ODMA functions OS1 MANAGEMENT SECURITY OS1 APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery Transaction processing x. 1 -x. 19 X.20-X.49 X.50-X.89 X.90-X. 149 X.150-X.179 X. 180-X. 199 X .200-X. 209 X.2 1 O-X.2 1 9 X.220-X.229 X.230-X.239 X.240-X.259 X.260-X.269 X.270-
6、X.279 X.280-X.289 X.290-X.299 X.300-X.349 X.350-X.399 X.400-X.499 X.500-X.599 X.600-X.629 X.630-X.639 X.640-X.649 X.650-X.679 X.680-X.699 X.700-X.709 X.7 1 O-X .7 1 9 X.720-X.729 X.730-X.799 X.800-X.849 X.850-X.859 X.860-X.879 X.880-X.899 Remote operations For further details, please refer to ITU-T
7、List of Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 14750 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.920 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING - INTERFACE DEFINITION LANGUAGE Summary This Recommendation I International Standard specifies an Interface Definition Language (IDL) for specifications that comply w
8、ith the computational language defined in the architecture of the ODP Reference Model (see ITU-T Rec. X.903 I ISODEC 10746-3). The IDL allows the description of object interfaces, together with their operations and associated parameters. It is completely aligned with the CORBA IDL developed by the O
9、bject Management Group (OMG). Source The ITU-T Recommendation X.920 was approved on the 12th of December 1997. The identical text is also published as ISOOEC International Standard 14750. ITU-T Recommendation X.920 results from the adoption of the text of the OMG IDL specifications, for which owners
10、hip of world-wide distribution and derivative work rights remain with the Object Management Group, OMG. ITU-T Rec. X.920 (1997 E) 1 FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardiz
11、ation Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC
12、), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of info
13、rmation technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating age
14、ncy. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual P
15、roperty Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. Howe
16、ver, irnplementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in
17、cluding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. ii ITU-T Rec. X.920 (1997 E) CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Normative references Identical Recommendations I International Standards . 3 Definitions 4 2.1 ODP IDL syntax and semantics 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.
18、12 4.13 4.14 Lexical conventions . Preprocessing . ODP IDL grammar ODP IDL specification Inheritance . Constant declaration Type declaration Typecodes and Principals Exception declaration Operation declaration Attribute declaration COREIA module Names and scoping Differences from C+ . . Annex A . Re
19、served standard exceptions . A.l Object Non-Existence . A.2 Transaction exceptions Annex B - Typecode encoding in the CORBA specification Page 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 8 12 13 15 17 22 22 23 25 25 25 27 28 29 29 30 . ITU-T Rec . X.920 (1997 E) 111 Introduction The rapid growth of distributed processing has led
20、 to a need for a coordinating framework for the standardization of Open Distributed Processing (ODP). The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) provides such a framework. It defines an architecture within which support of distribution, interoperability and portability can be integr
21、ated. One of the components of the.architecture (described in RM-ODP Part 3: Architecture) (see ITU-T Rec. X.903 I ISOAEC 10746-3) is a language that is suitable for describing the signature of computational operation interfaces. This Recommendation I International Standard contains such an Interfac
22、e Definition Language, called ODP-IDL. NOTE - This Recommendation I International Standard is technically aligned with the CORBA Interface Definition Language specification. Annex A is normative and provides a standard set of exceptions for a particular ODP distribution infrastructure. Annex B is in
23、formative and provides the CORBA encoding of a type called TypeCode representing type descriptions. iv ITU-T Rec. X.920 (1997 E) STD-ITU-T RECMN X.920-ENGL 1777 = 4862591 Ob53572 310 ISO/IEC 14750 : 1998 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCES
24、SING - INTERFACE DEFINITION LANGUAGE 1 Scope This Recommendation I International Standard is intended to provide the ODP Reference Model (see ITU-T Rec. X.902 I ISOAEC 10746-2 and ITU-T Rec. X.903 i ISO/IEC 10746-3) with a language and environment neutral notation to describe computational operation
25、 interface signatures. Use of this notation does not imply use of specific supporting mechanisms and protocols. 2 Normative references The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation I In
26、ternational Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation i International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent ed
27、ition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 2.1 Identical Recommendations I Internatio
28、nal Standards - ITU-T Recommendation X.902 (1995) I ISOAEC 10746-2: 1996, Information technology - Open distributed processing - Reference Model: Foundations. ITU-T Recommendation X.903 (1 995) I ISO/IEC 10746-3: 1996, Information fechnology - Open distributed processing - Reference Model: Architect
29、ure. - 2.2 Additional references - - ISO/IEC 646:1991, Information technology - IS0 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. ISODEC 8859-1:1998, Information technology - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part I: Latin alphabet No. I. 3 Definitions For the purposes of thi
30、s Recommendation I International Standard, the following definitions apply. This Recommendation I International Standard makes use of the following terms defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 I ISO/IEC 10746-2: - object; - interface; - interface signature. This Recommendation I International Standard makes us
31、e of the following terms defined in ITU-T Rec. X.903 I ISOAEC 10746-3: - operation. ITU-T Rec. X.920 (1997 E) 1 - STD-ITU-T RECMN X.920-ENGL 1777 W 48b259L Ub53573 257 D ISODEC 14750 : 1998 (E) 4 ODP IDL (the Interface Definition Language) is the language used to describe the interface signatures fo
32、r in xfaces that client objects call and object implementations provide. An interface definition written in ODP IDL completely defines the interface signature and fully specifies each operations parameters. An ODP IDL specification logically consists of one or more files. A file is conceptually tran
33、slated in several phases. The first phase is preprocessing, which performs file inclusion and macro substitution. Preprocessing is controlled by directives introduced by lines having # as the first character other than white space. The result of the preprocessing is a sequence of tokens. Such a sequ
34、ence of tokens, that is, a file after preprocessing, is called a translation unit. ODP IDL syntax and semantics ODP IDL obeys the same lexical rules as C+), although new keywords are introduced to support distribution concepts. It also provides full support for standard C+ preprocessing features. Th
35、e ODP IDL specification is expected to track relevant changes to C+ introduced by the ISO/IEC standardization effort. The description of ODP IDLs lexical conventions is presented in 4.1. A description of ODP IDL preprocessing is presented in 4.2. The scope rules for identifiers in an ODP IDL specifi
36、cation are described in 4.13 on. The ODP IDL grammar is a subset of ISODEC C+ with additional constructs to support the operation invocation mechanism. ODP IDL is a descriptive language; it supports C+ syntax for constant, type, and operation declarations; it does not include any algorithmic structu
37、res or variables. The grammar is presented in 4.3. This clause describes ODP IDL semantics and gives the syntax for ODP IDL grammatical constructs. The description of ODP IDL grammar uses a syntax notation that is similar to Extended Backus-Naur format (EBNF). Table 1 lists the symbols used in this
38、format and their meaning. Symbol _ . .- I “text“ * + 0 I Table 1 - ODP IDL EBNF format Meaning Is defined to be Alternatively Non-terminal Literal The preceding syntactic unit can be repeated zero or more times. The preceding syntactic unit can be repeated one or more times. The enclosed syntactic u
39、nits are grouped as a single synctactic unit. The enclosed syntactic unit is optional - may occur zero or more times. 4.1 Lexical conventions This subclause2) presents the lexical conventions of ODP IDL. It defines tokens in an ODP IDL specification and describes comments, identifiers, keywords, and
40、 literals - integer, character, and floating point constants and string literals. ODP IDL uses the ISOiEC Latin-1 (ISODEC 8859-1) character set. This character set is divided into alphabetic characters (letters), digits, graphic characters, the space (blank) character and formatting characters. Tabl
41、e 2 shows the ODP IDL alphabetic characters; upper- and lower-case equivalencies are paired. Table 3 shows the digits and Table 4 shows the graphic characters. The formatting characters are shown in Table 5. i) Ellis, Margaret A. and Bjarne Stroustrop, The Annotated C+ Reference Manual, Addison-Wesl
42、ey Publishing Company, Reading, 2, This sublcause is an adaptation of The Annotated C+ Reference Manual, Chapter 2; it differs in the list of legal keywords and Massachusetts, 1990, ISBN 0-201-5 1459-1. punctuation. 2 ITU-T Rec. X.920 (1997 E) ISO/IEC 14750 : 1998 (E) Table 2 -The 114 alphabetic cha
43、racters (letters) Description Upper/Lower-case A Upper/Lower-case B Upper/Lower-case C Upper/Lower-case D LTpper/Lower-case E Upper/Lower-case F Upper/Lower-case G Upper/Lower-case H Upper/Lower-case I Upper/Lower-case J Upperkower-case K Upper/Lower-case L UpperLower-case M Upper/Lower-case N Upper
44、/Lower-case O UpperLower-case P Upper/Lower-case Q Upper/Lower-case R Upper/Lower-case S Upper/Lower-case T Upper/Lower-case U Upper/Lower-case V Upper/Lower-case W UpperlLower-case X Uppernower-case Y Upper/Lower-case Z Char A A E Ee 1i ii Da 00 O i ii Yy Pb Y Description Jpperhwer-case A with grav
45、e accent Jpperhwer-case A with acute accent Jpperhwer-case A with circumflex accent Upperbwer-case A with tilde UppedLower-case A with diaeresis UpperLower-case A with ring above Upper/Lower-case dipthong A with E Upperhwer-case C with cedilla UpperLower-case E with grave accent Upperbwer-case E wit
46、h acute accent UpperLower-case E with circumflex accent Upper/Lower-case E with diaeresis Upperhwer-case I with grave accent UppedLower-case I with acute accent Upper/Lower-case I with circumflex accent Upper/Lower-case I with diaeresis Upper/Lower-case Icelandic eth Upper/Lower-case N with tilde Up
47、perLower-case O with grave accent Upper/Lower-case O with accute accent UppedLower-case O with circumflex accent UppedLower-case O with tilde UpperLower-case O with diaeresis Upper/Lower-case O with oblique stroke Upper/Lower-case U with grave accent Upper/Lower-case U with acute accent Upper/Lower-
48、case U with circumflex accent Upper/Lower-case U with diaeresis Upper/Lower-case Y with acute accent Upper/Lower-case Icelandic thorn Lower-case German sharp S Lower-case Y with diaeresis ITU-T Rec. X.920 (1997 E) 3 Table 3 - Decimal digits 0123456789 Char I Table 4 - The 65 graphic characters Descr
49、iption Exclamation point Double quote Number sign Dollar sign Percent sign Ampersand Apostrophe Left parenthesis Righ parenthesis Asterisk Plus sign Comma Hyphen, minus sign Period, full stop Solidus Colon Semicolon Less-than sign Equals sign Greater-than sign Question mark Commercial at Left square bracket Reverse solidus Right square bracket Circumflex Low line, underscore Grave Left curly bracket Vertical line Right curly bracket Tilde Char 1 o Y4 ?h 3/4 L X - Description Inverted exc
