1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.3033TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (01/2014) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Future networks Framework of data aware networking for future networks Recommendation ITU-T
2、 Y.3033 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Number
3、ing, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299
4、 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture mo
5、dels Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network contro
6、l architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommenda
7、tions. Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (01/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.3033 Framework of data aware networking for future networks Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.3033 describes data aware networking pertinent to the data awareness aspect of future networks envisioned in Recommendation ITU-T Y.3001. It provides
8、 the overview of data aware networking and describes problem spaces that are addressed by data aware networking. Finally, it describes the design goals for the realization of data aware networking. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*1.0 ITU-T Y.3033 2014-01-13 13 11.1002/1
9、000/12076-en _ *To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (01/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication U
10、nion (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions
11、 and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on
12、these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the e
13、xpression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or appli
14、cability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with t
15、he Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicab
16、ility of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implemen
17、t this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means
18、 whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (01/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviation and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Introduction 2 7 Overv
19、iew of data aware networking . 3 8 Problem spaces . 4 8.1 Scalable and cost-efficient content distribution . 4 8.2 Mobility 4 8.3 Disruption tolerance . 5 9 Design goals . 5 9.1 Naming . 5 9.2 Routing . 5 9.3 Caching . 5 9.4 Security . 6 9.5 Mobility 6 9.6 Application programming interface . 6 9.7 T
20、ransport . 7 10 Environmental considerations 7 11 Security considerations . 7 Appendix I ICN: naming, routing and caching . 8 I.1 Naming . 8 I.2 Routing . 8 I.3 Caching . 9 Bibliography. 10 Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (01/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3033 Framework of data aware networking for future networ
21、ks 1 Scope The scope of this Recommendation includes the following items: Overview of data aware networking; Problem spaces of data aware networking; Design goals of data aware networking. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through referen
22、ce in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
23、 edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is published regularly. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.2221 Recommendati
24、on ITU-T Y.2221 (2010), Requirements for support of ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications and services in the NGN environment. ITU-T Y.3001 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3001 (2011), Future networks: Objectives and design goals. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the
25、following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 future network (FN) ITU-T Y.3001: A network able to provide services, capabilities, and facilities difficult to provide using existing network technologies. A Future Network is either: a) a new component network or an enhanced version of an existing one, or b
26、) a heterogeneous collection of new component networks or of new and existing component networks that is operated as a single network. 3.1.2 identifier b-ITU-T Y.2091: An identifier is a series of digits, characters and symbols or any other form of data used to identify subscriber(s), user(s), netwo
27、rk element(s), function(s), network entity(ies) providing services/applications, or other entities (e.g., physical or logical objects). 3.1.3 name b-ITU-T Y.2091: A name is the identifier of an entity (e.g., subscriber, network element) that may be resolved/translated into address. 3.2 Terms defined
28、 in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 data ID: An identifier used to identify a data object. It has a form of a series of digits, characters and symbols or any of these combinations, which generally do not have any meaning. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (01/2014) 3.2.2
29、 data name: A string of alpha-numeric characters that is used to identify the data object. A data name, which may have variable length, is usually configured in such a way that it would be easier to be read and remembered by humans. NOTE A data object may have both data name and data ID. In this Rec
30、ommendation, data name and data ID are used interchangeably. 3.2.3 data object: An individually identifiable unit of information created by individuals, institutions and technology to benefit audiences in contexts that they value. 3.2.4 provider: A network element in data aware networking that store
31、s the original data object in order to provide access to the data object through data aware networking. 3.2.5 publisher: An entity that signs the original data object in order to distribute it through data aware networking. 4 Abbreviation and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviat
32、ions and acronyms: API Application Programming Interface DAN Data Aware Networking FLN Flat Naming FN Future Network HN Hierarchical Naming HR Hybrid Routing HRN Human-Readable Naming ICN Information Centric Networking ICT Information and Communication Technology ID Identifier LBNR Lookup-By-Name Ro
33、uting N-HRN Non-Human-Readable Naming P2P Peer-to-Peer PKI Public Key Infrastructure RBNR Route-By-Name Routing URI Uniform Resource Identifier 5 Conventions This Recommendation uses “is recommended“ to indicate the main points to be taken into account in the standardization of data aware networking
34、 (DAN). Detailed requirements and their degree (“required“, “recommended“, or “optional“) need further study. 6 Introduction ITU-T Y.3001 defines four objectives and twelve design goals which reflect the new emerging requirements for FNs. One of the objectives is data awareness which allows FNs to h
35、ave mechanisms for promptly retrieving data regardless of their locations. Recently, this concept has been paid much attention in the network R&D community under the name of information centric networking (ICN) b-Dannewitz b-Jacobson b-Sarela because data acquiring would be more Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (0
36、1/2014) 3 efficient with this technology, and the concept itself would change the current network architectures drastically. This Recommendation therefore specifies the framework of data aware networking (DAN) for FNs. A major Internet usage today is the retrieval of data whose amount has been chang
37、ing in an explosive manner. For instance, the sum of all forms of video (TV, video on demand, Internet, and P2P) would continue to be approximately 90% of global consumer traffic by 2015 b-Cisco. Social networking services are also creating huge volumes of blog articles instantaneously, ubiquitous s
38、ensor networks ITU-T Y.2221 are generating massive amount of digital data every second, and some applications called “micro-blogs“ generate quasi-real-time communication that includes multimedia data ITU-T Y.3001. Since this trend is likely to be sustained in the future, FNs should be able to provid
39、e users with the means to access appropriate data in an efficient manner. At the same time, the behaviour of subscribers has been changed from stationary to mobile. Due to the unpredictable behaviour of proliferated mobile devices, the resources of information and communication technology (ICT) are
40、hard to be allocated in advance to accommodate the bursty traffic generated by mobile users called “flash crowd“. Thus, FNs should also adaptively react to such environment to provide users with the means to access data without interruption. DAN is a new network architecture that would have the capa
41、bilities to deal with enormous amount of data efficiently in a distributed environment and enables users to access desired data safely, easily, quickly and accurately, regardless of data locations. This technology enables networks to be aware of user requests and to react accordingly to support adap
42、tive data distribution. Therefore, DAN is considered as a key approach to realizing FNs. 7 Overview of data aware networking DAN enables users to distribute data objects in the network and to retrieve them in an efficient and adaptive manner. The essence of DAN lies in the name based communication t
43、hat routes a data object in the network by its name or identifier (ID). The name based communication enables not only end hosts but also intermediate nodes between them to be aware of user requests as well as the corresponding responses in the forms of data name or ID as well as its attributes. “Dat
44、a-aware“ in the name of DAN means that the intermediate network elements recognize the data name or ID as well as its attributes which are provided for the network, and make a decision based on them. The decisions include: 1) Routing of user requests and the corresponding responses. 2) Responding to
45、 user requests directly if the requested data object is available. 3) Processing of user requests and the corresponding responses. The term “processing“ includes any optimization process of the user requests and the corresponding responses before transmitting them. Due to this awareness feature of D
46、AN, a network element such as router can route, respond and process user requests and the corresponding responses to optimize the distribution of data objects. For example, DAN can route user requests to a nearby cached data object, respond to user requests by returning the cached data object, and p
47、rocess the data object based on user requests by modifying the data format, e.g., to fit the capability of the user terminal. By optimizing the data distribution, users can experience higher throughput and lower latency, and network resources can be saved by reducing redundant traffic or localizing
48、bursty traffic caused by “flash crowd“. Moreover, the name based communication enables DAN to locate a data object regardless of its location, which ensures the continuation of communication associated with the names of data objects without being interrupted by its location change. For this reason,
49、DAN can handle mobility in a more native manner than the current IP networks where the data object is located by using the 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.3033 (01/2014) IP address of the host holding the data object and the communication is based on the location of the data object. Figure 1 illustrates three general use cases of DAN. In case 1 in the figure, a user request for a data object is routed to the provider of the data object. While the requested data object is downloaded from the provider to the requ
