1、THE CORROSION SOCIETY SSPC the society for protective coatings Item No. 21099 Joint Standard NACE NO. 1 IISSPC-PA 8 Thin-Film Organic Linings Applied in New Carbon Steel Process Vessels This NACE International (NACE)/SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings standard represents a consensus of those
2、individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not addressed in this standard. No
3、thing contained in this NACE/SSPC standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of
4、 Letters Patent. This standard represents current technology and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of th
5、is standard in specific instances. NACE and SSPC assume no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accept responsibility for only those official interpretations issued by NACE or SSPC in accordance with their governing procedures and policies which preclude
6、 the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. It is intended to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Users of this NACE/SSPC standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applic
7、ability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE/SSPC standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this
8、NACE/SSPC standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this stand
9、ard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE/SSPC standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. NACE and SSPC require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than fi
10、ve years from the date of initial publication. Approved 2003-03-15 ISBN 1-57590-1 66-8 02003, NACE International and SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings NACE International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, TX 77084-4906 (telephone +I 281/228-6200) SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings 40 24t
11、h Street, Sixth Floor Pittsburgh, PA 15222 (telephone +I 412/281-2331) Printed by NACE International NACE NO. IIISSPC-PA 8 Foreword This standard recommended practice specifies procedures to design, install, and inspect thin-film organic linings applied to new carbon steel process vessels to prevent
12、 corrosion and other forms of degradation, such as hydrogen-induced cracking, or to prevent product contamination. It is also useful for lining applications in existing process vessels and equipment. There is a recognized need for such a standard in order to achieve long-term durability in such appl
13、ications. The standard is based on applications of organic linings 500 pm (20 mils) or less. Its concepts can be employed in the application of thicker linings but the specified procedures may be modified or not required. This recommended practice is useful for lining vessels in many industries incl
14、uding, but not limited to, refining, chemical, water-treating, and food. The intended users are owners, contractors, inspectors, applicators, vessel designers, protective coatings specialists, and others concerned with the lining of process vessels. This joint standard was prepared by the NACE/SSPC
15、Task Group 246 on Thin-Film Organic Linings Applied in Process Vessels and Tankage. This task group is administered by NACE Specific Technology Group (STG) 03 on Protective Coatings and Linings-lmmersion/Buried. It is also sponsored by STG 02 on Protective Coatings and Linings-Atmospheric, STG 04 on
16、 Protective Coatings and Linings-Surface Preparation, STG 34 on Petroleum Refining and Gas Processing, and STG 43 on Land Transportation. This standard is published by NACE under the auspices of STG 03, and by SSPC. NACE International I NACE NO. 1 IISSPC-PA 8 Joint Standard NACE NO. 1 IISSPC-PA 8 Th
17、in-Film Organic Linings Applied in New Carbon Steel Process Vessels Contents 1. General . 1 2. Definitions . 1 3. Lining Materials 2 4. Vessel Fabrication and Preparation 3 5. Applicator Qualifications and Submi 4 6. Surface Preparation 4 7. Lining Application 5 8. Inspection and Repair of Vessel Li
18、ning 6 References 7 Bibliography . 8 Appendix A: Documents and Standard n with this Standard 9 Table 1 : Items Evaluated by Inspector. 6 ii NACE International NACE NO. IIISSPC-PA 8 Section 1: General 1 .I Procedures detailed in this recommended practice shall be followed during the design, installat
19、ion, and inspection of a thin-film (500 pm 20 mils or less) organic lining in pro- cess vessels to maximize the service life of the process ves- sel. 1.2 A thin-film lining material must be carefully evaluated for use within a process vessel. The evaluation must be based upon consideration of the pr
20、ocess stream constitu- ents, temperature, pressure, and other factors. An import- ant consideration is the end use for the process-vessel lin- ing-a corrosive or noncorrosive service. Usually, a lining that has long-term service and experience in similar process conditions is selected. 1.3 Fabricati
21、on of the vessel must be suitable for lining a p p I cat ion including su tface preparation, a p pl cat ion, and curing. Fabrication details are influenced by the service- corrosive or noncorrosive. 1.4 Dehumidification is desirable during the entire installa- tion process because it achieves climat
22、e control during sur- face preparation and lining application. When dehumidifica- tion is employed, the lining application can be carried out without interruption, avoiding possible contamination by blasting debris. 1.5 The lining may be cured at ambient temperature or heat cured at an elevated temp
23、erature. It can be applied in the shop or at the work site. The lining must be applied according to the lining manufacturers instructions, unless superseded by the direction of the owner. 1.6 When heat cured, instrumentation must be installed to determine the time and external metal temperature duri
24、ng the lining curing cycle. When applied and heat cured at the work site, the vessel shall be thermally insulated to provide uniform heat retention. Particular attention should be paid to heat sinks, such as vessel supports, ladders, and other attachments. 1.7 If piping, nozzles, or other appurtenan
25、ces are to be abrasive blast cleaned and lined, proper equipment must be available. 1.8 All applicable safety regulations shall be followed dur- ing all phases of sutface preparation, application, inspect- tion, and curing. 1.9 Thin-film organic linings are not generally used when the process operat
26、ing temperature exceeds 120C (250F). Also, if exposed in environments that cause excessive cor- rosion, the vessels corrosion allowance, or internal inspect- tion frequency, may require reevaluation. (See Paragraph 3.6.) 1.10 Appendix A contains a listing of all documents and standards used in conju
27、nction with this recommended prac- tice. 1.10.1 The lining manufacturers technical data sheet, material safety data sheets (MSDS), and application and curing instructions shall be used in conjunction with the documents listed in Appendix A and the require- ments contained within this recommended pra
28、ctice. 1.10.2 Any conflict between documents shall be resolved by the owner. 1.11 During all phases of the vessel lining installation, inspection shall be conducted by the lining applicator and, when appropriate, by the owners inspector. (See Section 8.) 1.12 The applicator shall record all pertinen
29、t information concerning the vessel lining, installation within the NACE Coating Inspectors Logbook or equivalent, as approved by the owner. This logbook shall be available to the owners inspector at all times. Section 2: Definitions Abrasive Blast Cleaning: Also called abrasive blasting; a sutface
30、preparation method that uses an abrasive propelled by air pressure, centrifugal force, or water pressure to clean and usually to add a profile to a sutface. Anchor Pattern: Contour of a blast-cleaned sutface; it is classified by depth and texture (rounded, angular). Coating: A liquid, liquefiable, o
31、r mastic composition that, after application to a sutface, is converted into a solid, pro- tective, decorative, or functional adherent film. Corrosion Allowance: Additional metal thickness added to the vessel design thickness to offset the effect of corrosion metal loss during service. (I Some defin
32、itions are extracted from Inspection of Coatings and Linings, SSPC, 1997, Appendix B-Glossary; SSPC Protective Coatings Glossary (SSPC-OO-07);3 and NACE Glossary of Corrosion-Related Terms,4 NACE, 2002. NACE International 1 NACE NO. IIISSPC-PA 8 Curing: Chemical process of developing the intended pr
33、o- perties of a coating or other material (e.g., resin) over a per- iod of time. Dry-Film Thickness (DFT): Thickness of cured film, usu- ally expressed in micrometers (millionths of a meter) or mils (thousandths of an inch). Holiday: A discontinuity in a protective coating that exposes an unprotecte
34、d sutface to the environment. Holiday Detector, Low-Voltage Wet-Sponge Type: An instrument that uses 5 to 90 V DC for detecting holidays in a coating. It is typically used for coatings less than 500 pm (20 mils) thick. Inspector: The individual responsible for implementing the inspection function sp
35、ecified in the contract documents in order to minimize or eliminate defects or failures. Lining: A coating or layer of sheet material adhered to or in intimate contact with the interior sutface of a container used to protect the container against corrosion by its contents and/or to protect the conte
36、nts of the container from contam- ination by the container material. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The concentration, at ordin- ary ambient temperatures, of a gas or vapor in air below which an explosion will not occur if the mixture is ignited. The concentration is expressed as a percent of the gas
37、vapor in air by volume. Manufacturers Technical Data Sheet: Sheet printed by the supplier of a product to provide instructions and inform- ation on its use. Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): A printed source of information about the hazards of materials, including coat- ings. The MSDS contains the
38、 following information: (1) product identification; (2) hazardous ingredients, their per- missible exposure limits (PEL), and threshold limit value (TLV); (3) physical properties; (4) fire and explosion hazard data; (5) health hazard data; (6) chemical reactivity/stability data; (7) spill and leak p
39、rocedures; (8) special protection information; and (9) additional special precautions. Mil: One thousandth (0.001) of an inch. 1 mil = 25 micro- meters (pm). The thickness of a coating on a surface sometimes is expressed in mils and sometimes in micro- meters. Owner: The representative of the facili
40、ty responsible for the work; others who are probably involved include safety per- sonnel, tank engineers, storage tank inspectors, corrosion engineers, and coating and lining specialists. Pitting: Localized corrosion of a metal sutface that is con- fined to a small area and takes the form of cavitie
41、s called pits. For the purpose of this standard there are two general types of pits, described by Uhlig5 as “shallow” and “deep.” Shallow pits have diameters greater than their depths. Deep pits have depths greater than their diameters. Pencil Hardness: A method of testing coating hardness that uses
42、 a series of pencils of different hardness. The hardest pencil that leaves the coating film uncut defines the gouge hardness of the coating film. Rust Bloom: Discoloration indicating the beginning of rust- ing. Wet-Film Thickness (WFT): The thickness of a liquid coat- ing film immediately after appl
43、ication. Section 3: Lining Materials 3.1 There are many thin-film coating systems that are con- sidered for the lining of carbon steel process vessels. These include, but are not limited to, the following generic groups: Epoxy or epoxy copolymers Phenolics Polyesters Polyurethanes Polyureas controll
44、ed temperature conditions. Linings may be heat- cured in the field, but additional precautions are required. See Paragraph 5.2.4. 3.3 The owner is responsible for selecting the lining system and the design to be used. However, alternatives can be considered and are subject to approval by the owner.
45、Most frequently the owner specifies the complete lining system from one or several suppliers. 3.4 The selection of a lining shall be based on the follow- ing: The lining systems may be applied in multiple coats and can be ambient-temperature cured or heat cured. The heat- cured lining systems genera
46、lly offer superior temperature, solvent, and chemical resistance in comparison with ambi- ent-temperature-cured or forced-cured coatings. 3.4.1 Analysis of process fluid including all major and minor constituents; 3.2 Linings are applied in the shop or field. Heat-cured lin- ings are more likely to
47、be applied in the shop under closely 3.4.2 Temperature conditions and exposure intervals including the following: NACE International NACE NO. IIISSPC-PA 8 3.4.2.1 Normal operating conditions, 3.4.2.2 Cyclic temperature conditions, and 3.4.2.3 Procedures for cleaning the vessel at turn- around times
48、(e.g., steam cleaning, and exposure time) as well as cleaning agents to be used. 3.4.3 Pressure or vacuum operation: 3.4.3.1 Normal, 3.4.3.2 Cyclic, or 3.4.3.3 Rapid (explosive) decompression from ope rat i ng pressure; 3.4.4 Abrasion or erosion conditions including amount, particle size, and rates
49、of flow; 3.4.5 Possible damage caused by vibration, installa- tion, and welding operations, etc.; 3.4.6 The intended internal inspection cycle (1, 5, 10 years, or other time period). 3.5 Unless there is previous long-term experience demon- strating that a lining is suitable for the specified process conditions, appropriate testing shall be conducted as dir- ected by the owner.“) 3.6 Thin-film organic linings are generally not applied to process vessels when the operating temperature is above 120C (250F). Also, exposure in environments causing ex- cessive general and/or
