1、2008 年浙江大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、匹配题1 Tender is the Night2 The Rites of Passage3 The Rainbow4 My Last Duchess5 Frederick Douglass6 The House of the Seven Gables 7 The Tempest8 The Negro on the Narcissus9 Light in August10 Mourning Becomes Electra二、评论题11 What a lark! What a Plunge! For so it had alway
2、s seemed to her, when, with little squeak of the hinges, which she could hear now, she had burst open the French windows and plunged at Bour-ton into the open air. How fresh, how calm, stiller than this of course, the air was in the early morning; like the flap of a wave; the kiss of a wave; chill a
3、nd sharp and yet(for a girl of eighteen as she then was)solemn, feeling as she did, standing there at the open window, that something awful was about to happen; looking at the flowers; at the trees with the smoke winding off them and the rooks rising, falling; standing and looking until Peter Wash s
4、aid, “ Musing among the vegetables?“was that it“I prefer men to cauliflowers“was that it?12 Could it be true? She clutched the child so fiercely to her breast, that it sent forth a cry; she turned her eyes downward at the scarlet letter, and even touched it with her finger, to assure herself that th
5、e infant and the shame were real. Yes! these were her realities, all else had vanished!13 And yet the voices in the house, behind the sprays of mimosa and almond blossom, and from under the piles of iridescent cushions, simply trilled and screamed in a sort of ecstasy: “ There must be more money! Oh
6、-h-h; there must be more money. Oh, now, now-w! Now-w-wthere must be more money! More than ever! More than ever!“14 Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works.(20 points)Joseph Conrad D. H. LawrenceMark Twain Toni Morrison三、分析题15 Analyze the following
7、 poem.(15 points)Dover BeachMatthew Arnold The sea is calm tonight. The tide is full, the moon lies fair Upon the straits; on the French coast the light Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand, Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay. Come to the window, sweet is the night-air! Only, fr
8、om the long line of spray Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land, Listen! you hear the grating roarOf pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling, At their return, up the high strand, Begin, and cease, and then again begin, With tremulous cadence slow, and bring The eternal note of sadness in.S
9、ophocles long agoHeard it on the Aegean, and it broughtInto his mind the turbid ebb and flowOf human misery; weFind also in the sound a thought,Hearing it by this distant northern sea.The Sea of FaithWas once, too, at the full, and round earth s shoreLay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.But
10、now I only hearIts melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,Retreating, to the breathOf the night-wind, down the vast edges drearAnd naked shingles of the world.Ah, love, let us be trueTo one another! for the world, which seemsTo lie before us like a land of dreams,So various, so beautiful, so new,Hath re
11、ally neither joy, nor love, nor light,Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;And we are here as on a darkling plainSwept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,Where ignorant armies clash by night. 2008 年浙江大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、匹配题1 【正确答案】 Scott Fitzgerald, novel【试题解析】 (夜色温柔是美国“迷惘的一代”的代表作
12、家菲茨杰拉德的长篇小说。)2 【正确答案】 William Golding, novel【试题解析】 (通过仪式是诺贝尔奖获得者、十九世纪英国小说家威廉 戈尔丁的一篇日记体小说。)3 【正确答案】 David Herbert Lawrence, novel【试题解析】 (彩虹是英国作家劳伦斯的一部小说。)4 【正确答案】 Robert Browning, poem【试题解析】 (我已故的公爵夫人是英国诗人罗伯特 布朗宁的一首采用戏剧独白形式的诗歌。)5 【正确答案】 Frederick Douglass, autobiography【试题解析】 (道格拉斯自述是美国黑人文学的先驱弗雷德里克 道
13、格拉斯的一部自传。)6 【正确答案】 Nathaniel Hawthorne, novel【试题解析】 (七个尖角的阁楼是美国作家纳撒尼尔 霍桑的小说。)7 【正确答案】 William Shakespeare, comedy【试题解析】 (暴风雨是英国剧作家威廉-莎士比亚的最后一部戏剧。)8 【正确答案】 Joseph Conrad, novel【试题解析】 (水仙号上的黑家伙是英国小说家康拉德的一部小说。)9 【正确答案】 William Faulkner, novel【试题解析】 (八月之光是诺贝尔文学奖获得者、美国作家威廉 福克纳的一部小说。)10 【正确答案】 Eugene O Ne
14、ill, trilogy【试题解析】 (尤金奥尼尔被誉为美国戏剧之父，哀悼是一部三部曲，将奥尼尔的戏剧创作推到了高峰。)二、评论题11 【正确答案】 This passage is taken from Virginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway. This novel described a giant web of thoughts of several groups of people during the course of a single day. In this paragraph, the stream of consciousness technique i
15、s prominent. There is little action or plot, but much movement in time from present to past and back again through the character s memories. The song of a lark and the strike of the clock indicate the real time and bring her back to the present real world. Then she falls into the memory of the morni
16、ng she spent with Peter. The last sentence shows she came back to the real world again. In this paragraph, the happy memory of Mrs. Dalloway with her first lover Peter is impressing, indicating her yearning for her free life with Peter, which is not lost in the hollow high-class life filled with par
17、ties. Woolf s hate towards secular life is revealed.12 【正确答案】 This passage is taken from Nathaniel Hawthorne s novel The Scarlet Letter. In this paragraph, Hester Prynne stood on the scaffold of the pillory, beginning to think back of her hometown and her husband. But her daughter and the scarlet le
18、tter reminded her of the cruel realities and great pain in her own heart, as if she fell from heaven down to earth. This paragraph focuses on describing Hester s pain from different perspectives. Sound(her daughter s cry), sight(the scarlet letter and feeling)and touching it with her finger, told he
19、r the reality. Symbols are applied, as the infant and the scarlet letter symbolizing her shame. Character s psychological activities and instinct feeling are put in the first place in description, directly and clearly. 13 【正确答案】 This passage is taken from David Herbert Lawrence s The Rocking-Horse W
20、inner. A boy named Paul begins to gamble on horse to win his mother s love. At first, he always wins and gets lots of money for his mother. But his mother is so greed and never satisfied. After once running the rocking-horse, he falls down on the ground and dies. This paragraph describes after Paul
21、wins a large amount of money, the voices in the house are more and more, which indicates the greedy heart of people for more money to satisfy their need for luxury life. The voices are so dense that they linger in every corner in the house, symbolizing the human nature twisted by industrial civiliza
22、tion and money. 14 【正确答案】 Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works.(20 points)Comment on Joseph Conrad s Heart of DarknessHeart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow who is the narrator, Mr. Kurtz, an ivory trader, black Natives and white Pilgrims.
23、Themes of this novel are powerful literary indictment of imperialism , spiritual journey of self-discovery for Marlow, retracing of the stages of human evolution to the prehistoric beginning, a descent into the underworldHades.The main character is Kurtz, an idealist when young, who worked for civil
24、ization and progress. He was shocked by the harsh reality. Driven by desires for power, wealth and fame, he degenerated into a demon-like creature. With the basest means of cheating, fooling, and playing tricks on the natives, Kurtz established himself on a semi-god status among certain native tribe
25、s. He is “ a first class agent“ who “sends in as much ivory as all the others put together. “Kurtz is a symbol for the faithlessness and inner emptiness of the modern world, the climactic example of all the monstrous colonizers.The structure of Heart of Darkness is like that of Russian dolls, which
26、means that you open each doll up, and there is another doll inside. Much of the meaning in Heart of Darkness is found not in the center of the book, the heart of Africa, but on the periphery of the book.Patterns of Three is employed in this novelyou will find three chapters, three times Marlow break
27、s the story, three stations, three women(Aunt, Mistress, Intended), three central characters(Kurtz, Marlow, Narrator)and three views of Africa(adventure, religious, economic).Contrast in Heart of Darkness is obvious. Much of the imagery is arranged in patterns of opposition and contrast, for example
28、 light/dark, black/white, civilized/savaged, outer/inner.Black/dark symbolizes death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized, which is a symbol existing in European society for centuries. According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light. Middle Ages, wh
29、en science and knowledge was suppressed, then became the Dark Ages. According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage“.White/light symbolizes life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion. Yet, in Conrad, th
30、e usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth, while whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind. The truth within, therefore is dark and obscure. White als
31、o suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty. Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt.Civilization and savagery is another contrast. The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law
32、 acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies. Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once “one of the darker places of the earth“ before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons. But civilized societ
33、y does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background. This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.Marlow and Kurtz are two opposite examples of human
34、 conditions. Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment. Marlow represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle. When Marlow arrives at the station he is disgusted
35、by the sight of wasted human life and ruined supplies. The manager s senseless cruelty overwhelms him with anger and disgust. He longs to see Kurtza fabulously successful ivory agent and hated by the company manager. More and more, Marlow turns away from the white people and towards the dark jungle(
36、a symbol of reality and truth.)He begins to identify with Kurtzlong before he sees or talks to him. The affinity between the two men becomes a symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Marlow is what Kurtz might have been, and Kurtz is what Marlow might have
37、become.三、分析题15 【正确答案】 Analyze the following poem.(15 points)In Arnold s poem, the speaker looks over the shore at Dover and reflects on the scene before him.The first stanza opens with the description of a nightly scene at the seaside. The lyrical self calls his addressee to the window, to share the
38、 visual beauty of the scene. Then he calls her attention to the aural experience, which is somehow less beautiful. The lyrical self projects his own feelings of melancholy on to the sound which causes an emotion of “ sadness“ in him.The second stanza introduces the Greek author Sophocles idea of “ t
39、he turbid ebb and flow of human misery. “ A contrast is formed to the scenery of the previous stanza. Sophocles apparently heard the similar sound at the “Aegean“ sea and thus developed his ideas. Arnold then reconnects this idea to the present. Although there is a distance in time and space, the ge
40、neral feeling prevails. In the third stanza, the sea is turned into the “ Sea of Faith,“ which is a metaphor for a time when religion could still be experienced without the doubt that the Victorian age brought about through Darwinism, the Industrial revolution, Imperialism, a crisis in religion, etc
41、. Arnold illustrates this by using an image of clothes. When religion was still intact, the world was dressed “like the folds of a bright girdle furled. “ Now that this faith is gone, the world lies there stripped naked and bleak.The final stanza begins with a dramatic pledge by the lyrical self. He
42、 asks his love to be “true“ to him. For the beautiful scenery that presents itself to them is really not what it seems to be. On the contrary, as he accentuates with a series of denials, this world does not contain any basic human values. These have disappeared, along with the light and religion and
43、 left humanity in darkness. “We“ could just refer to the lyrical self and his love, but it could also be interpreted as the lyrical self addressing humanity. The pleasant scenery turns into a “ darkling plain,“ where only hostile, frightening sounds of fighting armies can be heard.Lamenting the tran
44、sition from an age of certainty into an era of erosion of traditions is the backbone of all four stanzas of the poem, brought together in our imagination by the nostalgic image of the sea. “ Misery“ , “ sadness“ and “ melancholy“ reign most of the poem, yet the author chooses to conclude it with an
45、emotional appeal for honesty as it is the only true certainty left as the world a-round collapses under “struggle“ and “fight“.【试题解析】 (参考译文：今夜，大海宁静一片，月明星稀，水涨潮满，清辉下的海峡，遥望法兰西的彼岸，隐隐绰绰，忽明忽暗；英格兰崖壁陡峭，高高耸立静谧的海湾，一望无际，微光闪闪。请到窗前来吧，夜晚的空气多么新鲜!月色中苍白的大地与海相接，孤寂的长岸浪花飞溅。听啊，听那聒噪吼叫，巨浪把卵石翻卷，一次次拉回海底，一次次又抛向高滩。反复循环，相继不断，那节奏舒缓，那旋律震颤，这永恒的曲调饱含悲切哀怨。古代的诗人索弗克斯，爱琴海上也曾聆听过这涛声的咏叹，由这混杂的潮汐，想到人世的苦难。如今，在这遥远的北海倾听，我们的心感到同样震撼。信仰之海啊，曾几何时，大潮涨满，遍布整个世界，飞舞彩带，闪耀光环。可是现在，还能听到什么?只剩下悲伤悠长的呼喊，潮声退落成晚风的呜咽，直到世界沙石裸露，广漠的边际一片昏暗。爱人啊，让我们赤诚相见，看这眼前的世界，处处如梦似幻，似乎美好、新奇、灿烂，可是既无欢乐、光明、爱恋，又无诚信、和平、慈善；我们身处漆黑的莽原，争斗、逃亡、惶恐、纷乱，黑夜里愚蠢的军队厮杀纠缠。(吕志鲁译)
