1、2009 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、名词解释1 Robinson Crusoe2 Henry Fleming3 The Bible4 Samuel Taylor Coleridge5 Death of a Salesman6 The Gothic novel7 Santiago8 Samuel Beckett 9 Uncle Tom 10 Ideology二、分析题11 Why is the Knight first in the General Prologue to tell a tale in Canterbury Tales?12 Moby-Dick
2、 features several seemingly insane characters. How does insanity relate to this story? How do these characters contrast with one another?13 Analyze the theme of Social Class in Dickens Great Expectations.13 To be, or not to bethat is the question:Whether this nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings a
3、nd arrows of outrageous fortuneor to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die, to sleepNo more.Questions:14 A. From which play are these lines taken from?15 B. Who is the playwright?16 C. Who is the speaker?17 D. What does this speech show? 17 The apparition of these faces
4、 in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. Questions:18 A. What is the title of this short poem?19 B. Who is the author?20 C. What two images are juxtaposed or placed next to each other in this poem?21 D. How do you appreciate this poem?21 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man i
5、n possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood , this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of someone or other of
6、their daughters. Questions:22 A. From which novel is this passage taken from?23 B. Who is the author of this novel?24 C. What is the literary style of this novel?25 D. What is this story about? 25 Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street at Salem village; but put his head back after
7、crossing threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his wife. And Faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons on her cap while she called to Goodman Brown. Questions:26 A. This passage is taken from Young Goodman Brown,
8、who is the author?27 B. What is the symbolic meaning of “pink ribbons“?28 C. What is a symbol in literature? 28 O, my love s like a red, red rose.That s newly sprung in June; O, my love s like the melodieThat s sweetly played in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass.So deep in love am I; And I will
9、 love thee still, my dear. Till a the seas gone dry.Questions:29 A. Who wrote this poem?30 B. What is the title of the poem?31 C. The odd-numbered lines are iambic tetrameters, what about the even-numbered lines?32 D. What is the rhyme scheme?33 E. What do you know about the poem? 33 EUNICE; Whats t
10、he matter, honey? Are you lost?BLANCHE: They told me to take a street-car named Desire. And then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off atElysian Fields!EUNICE: That s where you are now. Questions:34 A. From which play are the conversations taken?35 B. Who is the playwrigh
11、t?36 C. How to define “Desire“ in the play? 36 We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful what we pretend to be.Mother Night, 1961 Anyone who cannot understand how useful a religion based on lies can be will not understand this book either.Cats Cradle, 1963 This is a novel somewhat in the t
12、elegraphic schizophrenic manner of tales of the planet Tralfa-madore, where the flying saucers come from.Slaughterhouse-Five, 1969 Questions:37 A. The author of these novels is Kurt Vonnegut, name some other novelists who employ black humor.38 B. Define the literary term Black Humor with reference t
13、o the above quotations. 38 Tragedy is, then, an imitation of a noble and complete action, having the proper magnitude; it employs language that has been artistically enhanced by each of the kinds of linguistic adornment, applied separately in the various parts of the play; it is presented in dramati
14、c, not narrative form, and achieves, through the representation of pitiable and fearful incidents, the catharsis of such pitiable and fearful incidents. Questions:39 A. This definition of Tragedy is quoted from Poetics, who is the author of Poetics?40 B. Highlight the chief contributions of Poetics
15、to the theory of tragedy.2009 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Robinson Crusoe is a key character in Daniel Defoe s most famous novel Robinson Crusoe. The realistic presentation of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature proves the best part of the no
16、vel. Robinson is here a real hero; a typical eighteenth century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire bui
17、lder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labor and the Puritan fortitude, which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness.2 【正确答案】 Henry Fleming is the protagonist of The Red Badge of Courage, written by American novelist
18、 Stephen Crane. Henry Fleming is a young farm boy whose dreams of glorious battle lead him to join in the American Civil War. Upon entering battle, his initial confrontation with true war perplexes him and he flees into the woods and feels like a coward. After he receives his “ red badge of courage,
19、“ a head wound, this shame begins to disappear, and however, he feels guilty. He managed to return to battlefield. In the following battles, Henry becomes one of the best fighters in his battalion as well as the flag bearer, finally proving his courage as a man.3 【正确答案】 The Bible refers to one of tw
20、o closely related religious texts central to Judaism and Christianity. The Bible is the main source for the history of ancient Israel. Judaism recognizes a single set of canonical books known as the Tanakh, also called Hebrew Bible, traditionally divided into three parts; the Torah(“teaching“ or “la
21、w“), the Nevi im(“prophets“), and the Ketuvim(“writings“). The Bible as used by Christians is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. The New Testament is comprised of the Gospels(“good news“), the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles(letters), and the Book of Revelation. The Bible is on
22、e source of English and American literature.4 【正确答案】 Samuel Taylor Coleridge(1772-1834)was an English poet, Romantic, literary critic and philosopher who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best kn
23、own for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as for his major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work, especially on Shakespeare, was highly influential. He coined many familiar words and phrases, including the celebrated suspension of disbelief. He was a majo
24、r influence, via Emerson, on American transcendentalism.5 【正确答案】 Death of a Salesman(1949)is a play written by American playwright Arthur Miller. The play ran for 742 performances, winning both the Tony Award and the Pulitzer Prize for drama. In this drama, Arthur Miller explored the dilemma of mode
25、rn man in relation to his family and work. This drama is a sad version of the American dream. Willy Loman, the salesman of the title, believes in the American capitalism in a crazy sense. He wants to succeed, but finally walks toward disillusion. Though living in a rough world where modern civilizat
26、ion is suffocating, Willy never seems to be aware of that and keeps on dreaming of success and living in illusions and lies.6 【正确答案】 Gothic novel is a type of romantic fiction that predominated the late eighteen century, was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, ho
27、rror, and the supernatural , which strongly appeal to the reader s emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.7 【正确答案】 Santiago is the protagonist of The Old Man and the Sea, writt
28、en by American novelist Ernest Hemingway. He is an old man who hasn t caught any fishes for eighty-four days. On the final journey he has a fight with shakes. This character depicted by Hemingway is a typical “tough guy“. Santiago embodies Hemingway s definition of courage as “grace under pressure“.
29、 He never loses dignity in the face of death. The glory and honor Santiago accrues comes not from his battle itself but from his pride and determination to fight. His famous words are “ A man is not made for defeat. a man can be destroyed but not defeated. “8 【正确答案】 Samuel Barclay Beckett(1906-1989)
30、was an Irish avant-garde writer, dramatist and poet. Beckett s work offers a bleak outlook on human culture and both formally and philosophically became increasingly minimalist. Beckett is considered one of the last modernists; as an inspiration to many later writers, he is sometimes considered one
31、of the first postmodernists. He is also considered one of the key writers in “ Theatre of the Absurd. “ Beckett was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969 for his “writing, whichin new forms for the novel and dramain the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation“.9 【正确答案】 Uncle Tom is
32、 a pejorative term for a black person who is perceived by others as behaving in a subservient manner to white authority figures, or as seeking ingratiation with them by way of unnecessary accommodation. The term comes from the title character of American writer Harriet Beecher Stowes 1852 novel Uncl
33、e Tom s Cabin. In the novel the Uncle Tom character is a Christian martyr, morally superior to his white owners in an antebellum fiction. Numerous adaptations altered the depiction substantially, often rendering him feeble, servile, or a race traitor.10 【正确答案】 An ideology is a set of aims and ideas
34、that directs one s goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things, as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society. The main
35、 purpose behind an ideology is to offer change in society, and adherence to a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics.二、分析题11 【正确答案】 Accordi
36、ng to Chaucer s words before he introduces the pilgrims, he judges each one by who they are, what is their degree and their arriving sequence. At that time, the upper class or nobility is represented chiefly by the Knight and his Squire, which means that the Knight has the highest degree among the p
37、ilgrims. They are noble for their bravery in the battles and their loyalty to the woman. The Knight told his tragic love story which was treasured by people at that time. So the Knight is the first to tell a tale. This shows the social class at that time. Secondly, according to Chaucer s description
38、, the Knight is in the front of the other entire persons.【试题解析】 (本题考查对坎特伯雷故事集的理解，坎特伯雷故事集是对当时社会的生动刻画，广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。可从作品内容本身和当时的社会背景来回答问题。)12 【正确答案】 In Moby-Dick, Ishmael describes Ahab as mad in his narration, and it does indeed seem mad to try to fig
39、ht the forces of nature or God. However, some of the other characters in the novel whom Ishmael labels insane-notably Pip and Gabriel-might be viewed as wise rather than crazy, thus calling into question the possibility of making a clear distinction between sanity and insanity. Gabriel , the prophet
40、 figure aboard the Jeroboam, behaves irrationally and makes a number of ridiculous-sounding predictions. If viewed in a certain light, however, his prophecies sound not like silly attempts to foresee the future but like cleverly phrased efforts to effect change aboard his ship. Gabriel s prophecies
41、are aimed at gaining the crew just treatment from the ship s officers and at avoiding the danger that will come from trying to hunt Moby Dick. Like Ahab, he manipulates the crew s superstitions and religious beliefs in order to gather support. But whereas Ahab s obsession is monomaniacal and selfish
42、, Gabriel s “madness“ is a response to irrational and unjust behavior on the part of those who control his ship.【试题解析】 (本题考查对白鲸中的人物的掌握情况。可从人物在文中的作用和人物之间相互对比等纵横两个方面来进行阐述。)13 【正确答案】 Throughout Great Expectations, Dickens explores the class system of Victorian England, ranging from the most wretched cr
43、iminals(Magwitch)to the poor peasants of the marsh country(Joe and Biddy)to the middle class(Pumblechook)to the very rich(Miss Havisham). The theme of social class is central to the novel s plot and to the ultimate moral theme of the bookPip s realization that wealth and class are less important tha
44、n affection, loyalty, and inner worth. Pip a-chieves this realization when he is finally able to understand that, despite the esteem in which he holds Estella, one s social status is in no way connected to one s real character. Drummle, for instance, is an upper-class lout, while Magwitch, a persecu
45、ted convict, has a deep inner worth. The most important thing about the novel s treatment of social class is that the class system it portrays is based on the post-Industrial Revolution model of Victorian England. Dickens generally ignores the nobility and the hereditary aristocracy in favor of char
46、acters whose fortunes have been earned through commerce. Even Miss Havisham s family fortune is made through the brewery that is still connected to her manor. In this way, by connecting the theme of social class to the idea of work and self-advancement, Dickens subtly reinforces the novel s overarch
47、ing theme of ambition and self-improvement.【试题解析】 (本题考查对远大前程的社会阶级主题的理解和掌握。远大前程最重要的主题是成长主题，社会阶级与其紧密联系，同时又反映了工业革命后作者的价值观，因此可从这两方面分析。) 14 【正确答案】 Hamlet15 【正确答案】 William Shakespeare16 【正确答案】 Hamlet17 【正确答案】 In this famous monologue, Hamlet, facing the dilemma of action and mind, is hesitating whether he
48、 should revenge for his father, which may bring him death, or he should suffer and hide his hatred for his uncle in his deep heart, which may secure his life.【试题解析】 (参考译文：生存还是毁灭?这是个问题。究竟哪样更高贵，去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残，还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，把它扫一个干净。去死，去睡就结束了)18 【正确答案】 In a Station of the Metro19 【正确答案】 Ezra Pound20 【正确
49、答案】 The writer uses the image of “petals“ on another image, that is, “wet, black bough“.21 【正确答案】 The poem is considered one of the leading poems of the Imagist tradition. Written in a Japanese haiku style, Pound s process of deletion from thirty lines to only fourteen words typifies Imag-ism s focus on economy of language, precision of imagery and experimenting with non-traditional verse forms. Pound contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a metaphor from nature and thus infuses this “apparition“ with vi
