1、2010 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、名词解释1 point of view2 Transcendentalism3 heroic couplet4 dramatic monologue5 symbolism6 short story7 reader-response criticism8 antagonist9 postmodernism10 metaphor二、分析题11 Highlight Nobel Prize Laureate Eugene ONeill.12 Analyze W.B. Yeats literary style.13 Analyze
2、with textual examples the literary features of American Southern Literature.13 The hero of this great history appears with very bad omens. A little tale of so low a kind that some may think it not worth their notice. A word or two concerning a squire, and more relating to a gamekeeper and a schoolma
3、ster.As we determined, when we first sat down to write this history, to flatter no man, but to guide our pen throughout by the directions of truth, we are obliged to bring our hero on the stage in a much more disadvantageous manner than we could wish; and to declare honestly, even at his first appea
4、rance, that it was the universal opinion of all Mr. Allworthys family that he was certainly born to be hanged.Indeed, I am sorry to say there was too much reason for this conjecture; the lad having from his earliest years discovered a propensity to many vices, and especially to one which hath as dir
5、ect a tendency as any other to that fate which we have just now observed to have been prophetically denounced against him; he had been already convicted of three robberies, viz. , of robbing an orchard, of stealing a duck out of a farmers yard, and of picking Master Blifils pocket of a ball.The vice
6、s of this young man were, moreover, heightened by the disadvantageous light in which they appeared when opposed to the virtues of Master Blifil, his companion; a youth of so different a cast from little Jones, that not only the family but all the neighbourhood resounded his praises. He was, indeed,
7、a lad of a remarkable disposition; sober, discreet, and pious beyond his age; qualities which gained him the love of every one who knew him: while Tom Jones was universally disliked; and many expressed their wonder that Mr. Airworthy would suffer such a lad to be educated with his nephew, lest the m
8、orals of the latter should be corrupted by his example.Questions:14 Identify the author and the work from which the passages are selected.15 How do you understand the comments at the beginning of each chapter?16 What is the relationship between the structure of the story and titular protagonists gro
9、wing process of gaining knowledge?17 What are the authors contributions to the theory of novel?17 To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and
10、the heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other, who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse with heaven and earth becomes part of his daily food. In the presence of nature, a wild delig
11、ht runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says,he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. Not the sun or the summer alone, but every hour and season yields its tribute of delight; for every hour and change corresponds to and authorizes a diffe
12、rent state of mind, from breathless noon to grimmest midnight. Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece. In good health, the air is a cordial of incredible virtue. Crossing a bare common in snow puddles, at twilight, under a clouded sky, without having in my thoughts an
13、y occurrence of special good fortune, I have enjoyed a perfect exhilaration. I am glad to the brink of fear. In the woods too, a man casts off his years, as the snake his slough, and at what period soever of life, is always a child. In the woods, is perpetual youth. Within these plantations of God,
14、a decorum and sanctity reign, a perennial festival is dressed, and the guest sees not how he should tire of them in a thousand years. In the woods, we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in lifeno disgrace, no calamity(leaving me my eyes)which nature cannot repair. St
15、anding on the bare groundmy head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite spaceall mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. The name of the nearest friend sound
16、s then foreign and accidental: to be brothers, to be acquaintancesmaster or servant, is then a trifle and a disturbance. I am the lover of uncontained and immortal beauty. In the wilderness, I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages. In the tranquil landscape, and especially
17、 in the distant line of the horizon, man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature. Questions:18 In the line “I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all“ , why the eye-ball is transparent?19 Compare and contrast Emerson and British Romanticism.19 TRENCH: I have no objection to si
18、t down and listen; but I dont see how that can make black white; and I am tired of being turned on as if I were in the wrong.He sits down. Cokane sits at his elbow, on his right. They compose themselves for a conference.SARTORIUS: I assume, to begin with, Dr. Trench, that you are not a socialist, or
19、 anything of that sort.TRENCH: Certainly not. Im a Conservativeat least, if I ever took the trouble to vote, I should vote for the Conservative and against the other fellow.COKANE: True blue. Harry, true blue!SARTORIUS; I am glad to find that so far we are in perfect sympathy. I am, of course, a Con
20、servative; not a narrow or prejudiced one, I hope, nor at all opposed to true progress, but still a sound Conservative. As to Lickcheese, I need say no more about him than that I have dismissed him from my service this morning for a breach of trust; and you will hardly accept his testimony as friend
21、ly or disinterested. As to my business, it is simply to provide homes suited to the small means of very poor people, who require roofs to shelter them just like other people. Do you suppose I can keep up those roofs for nothing?TRENCH: Yes: thats all very fine; but the point is, what sort of homes d
22、o you give them for their money? People must live somewhere, or else go to jail. Advantage is taken of that to make them pay for houses that are not fit for dogs. Why dont you build proper dwellings, and give fair value for the money you take?SARTORIUS:pitying his innocenceMy young friend, these poo
23、r people do not know how to live in proper dwellings: they would wreck them in a week. You doubt me; try it for yourself. You are welcome to replace all the missing bannisters, handrails, cistern lids and dusthole tops at your own expense; and you will find them missing again in less than three days
24、burnt, sir, every stick of them. I do not blame the poor creatures: they need fires, and often have no other way of getting them. But I really cannot spend pound after pound in repairs for them to pull down, when I can barely get them to pay me four and sixpence a week for a room, which is the recog
25、nized fair London rent. No, gentlemen; when people are very poor, you cannot help them, no matter how much you may sympathize with them. It does them more harm than good in the long run. I prefer to save my money in order to provide additional houses for the homeless, and to lay by a little for Blan
26、che.He looks at them. They are silent; Trench unconvinced, but talked down; Cokane humanely perplexed. Sartorius bends his brows; comes forward in his chair as if gathering himself together for a spring; and addresses himself, with impressive significance, to Trench.And now, Dr. Trench, may I ask wh
27、at your income is derived from?TRENCH;defiantlyFrom interestnot from houses. My hands are clean as far as that goes. Interest on a mortgage.SARTORIUS;forciblyYes, a mortgage on my property. When I, to use your own words, screw, and bully, and drive these people to pay what they have freely undertake
28、n to pay me, I cannot touch one penny of the money they give me until I have first paid you your 700 out of it. What Lickcheese did for me, I do for you. He and I are alike intermediaries: you are the principal. It is because of the risks I run through the poverty of my tenants that you exact intere
29、st from me at the monstrous and exorbitant rate of seven per cent, forcing me to exact the uttermost farthing in my turn from the tenants. And yet, Dr. Trench, you have not hesitated to speak contemptuously of me because I have applied my industry and forethought to the management of our property, a
30、nd am maintaining it by the same honorable means. Questions:20 Identify the author and the work from which the passages are selected.21 Comment on the features of the dramatist.22 Analyze the lines quoted above in terms of the playwrights artistic view.22 “Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says
31、 that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his serv
32、ants are to be in the house by the end of next week.“What is his name?“Bingley. “Is he married or single?“ Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune, four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!“How so? How can it affect them?“ My dear Mr. Bennet,“ replied his
33、wife,“ How can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. “Is that his design in settling here?“Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes. “I see
34、no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better; for, as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party. “My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not preten
35、d to be any thing extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty. “ In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of. “ But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the neighbourhood. “It is more t
36、han I engage for, I assure you. “ But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general, you know they visit no new comers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for u
37、s to visit him, if you do not. “Questions:23 Comment on the personality of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet.24 Compare and contrast the author with Mark Twain.24 During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing
38、 alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it wasbut, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I sa
39、y insufferable; for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I looked upon the scene before meupon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the
40、 domainupon the bleak wallsupon the vacant eye-like windowsupon a few rank sedgesand upon a few white trunks of decayed treeswith an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after dream of the reveller upon opiumthe bitter lapse into everyday lif
41、ethe hideous dropping off of the veil. There was an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heartan unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime. What was itI paused to thinkwhat was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the Hou
42、se of Usher? It was a mystery all insoluble; nor could I grapple with the shadowy fancies that crowded upon me as I pondered. I was forced to fall back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion, that while, beyond doubt, there are combinations of very simple natural objects which have the power of thus aff
43、ecting us, still the analysis of this power lies among considerations beyond our depth. It was possible, I reflected, that a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the scene, of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to modify, or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful i
44、mpression; and, acting upon this idea, I reined my horse to the precipitous brink of a black and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre by the dwelling, and gazed downbut with a shudder even more thrilling than beforeupon the remodeled and inverted images of the grey sedge, and the ghastly tree-ste
45、ms, and the vacant and eye-like windows.Nevertheless, in this mansion of gloom I now proposed to myself a sojourn of some weeks. Its proprietor, Roderick Usher, has been one of my boon companions in boyhood, but many years had elapsed since our last meeting. Questions:25 Why does the author delibera
46、tely describe the architecture or mansion?26 What is the authors artistic view on literature?26 (On Howards exit, the light on his chair grows very bright and strange.)Willy: Pull myself together! What the hell did I say to him? My God, I was yelling at him! How could I?(Willy breaks off, staring at
47、 the light, which occupies the chair, animating it. He approaches this chair, standing across the desk from it). Frank, Frank, dont you remember what you told me that time? How you put your hand on my shoulder, and Frank.(He leans on the desk and as he speaks the dead mans name he accidentally switc
48、hes on the recorder, and instantly.)Howards Son: “ .of New York is Albany. The capital of Ohio is Cincinnati, the capital of Rhode Island is.“(The recitation continues). Willy(leaning away with fright, shouting); Ha, Howard! Howard! Howard! Howard(rushing in); What happened? Willy(pointing at the ma
49、chine, which continues nasally, childishly, with the capital cities); Shut it off! Shut it off! Howard(pulling the plug out): Look, Willy. Willy(pressing his hands to his eyes); I gotta get myself some coffee. Ill get some coffee.(Willy starts to walk out, Howard stops him.)Howard(rolling up the cord): Willy, look. Willy: I will go to Boston.Howard; I dont want you to represent us. Ive been meaning to tell you for a long time now. Willy: Howard, are your firing me? Howard: I think you need a good long rest, Willy.(Howard exits
