1、2011 年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、阅读理解0 For an infant just beginning to interact with the surrounding world, it is imperative that he quickly become proficient in his native language. While developing a vocabulary and the ability to communicate using it are obviously important steps in this process, a
2、n infant must first be able to learn from the various streams of audible communication around him. To that end, during the course of even the first few months of development, an infant will begin to absorb the rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds that characterize his language, and will begin t
3、o differentiate between the meanings of various pitch and stress changes.However, it is important to recognize that such learning does not take place in a vacuum. Infants must confront these language acquisition challenges in an environment where, quite frequently, several streams of communication o
4、r noise are occurring simultaneously. In other words, infants must not only learn how to segment individual speech streams into their component words, but they must also be able to distinguish between concurrent streams of sound.Consider, for example, an infant being spoken to by his mother. Before
5、he can leam from the slight differences of his mothers speech, he must first separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, background noise in the form of speech; a newscaster on the television down the hall or si
6、blings playing in an adjacent room.How exactly do infants wade through such a murky conglomeration of audible stimuli? While most infants are capable of separating out two different voices despite the presence of additional, competing streams of sound, this capability is predicated upon several spec
7、ific conditions.First, infants are better able to learn from a particular speech stream when that voice is louder than any of. the competing streams of background speech; when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference towards one stream or the other. Most lik
8、ely, equally loud competing voice streams, for the infant, become combined into a single stream that necessarily contains unfamiliar patterns and sounds that can quite easily induce confusion. Secondly, an infant is more likely to attend to a particular voice stream if it is perceived as more famili
9、ar than another stream. When an infant, for example, is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, usually he can easily separate out her voice from the distraction of the background stream. By using these simple yet important cues an
10、 infant can become quite adept at concentrating on a single stream of communication and, therefore, capable of more quickly learning the invaluable characteristics and rules of his native language.1 Which of the following best conveys the main idea of Paragraph 1 ?（A）Infants are fully aware of their
11、 environments.（B） Infants have natural talent to develop vocabulary.（C） Infants are able to take in information from the environment.（D）Infants like rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds.2 The phrase “predicated upon several specific conditions“(Para. 4)is used by the author to suggest that_.（A）
12、most infants have trouble separating out simultaneous streams of speech（B） infants can only learn when they are comfortable in their surroundings（C） only in rare instances do these required conditions occur（D）infants are not always able to learn from their surrounding environment3 The author uses th
13、e word “necessarily“(Line 4 of Para. 5)in order to suggest that_.（A）an individual stream understandably changes character when mixed with another（B） even adults can have trouble distinguishing between streams of equal volume（C） infants always combine separate streams into a single sound（D）it is inev
14、itable that two streams of speech are more confusing than one4 Before an infant can learn from the slight differences of his mothers speech, he must first_.（A）understand his fathers communication stream（B） be able to distinguish between his mothers voice from that of the background noise（C） absorb t
15、he sounds of dishwasher and pets（D）learn something about his language from the television voice5 The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how_.（A）an infant who spends little time with his parents would probably have trouble with language acquisition（B） an infant in constant vocal inte
16、raction with his parents could experience accelerated language acquisition（C） the complexity of an infants native language is not a factor in determining whether that language will be easily acquired（D）infants with particularly attentive parents are more likely to acquire language skills more quickl
17、y 5 When I accepted a volunteer position as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing nation, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I envisioned conducting intake interviews and traipsing around from organization to organization seeking the
18、legal, psychological, and financial support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience garnered in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly and seamlessly. I felt thoroughly
19、 prepared to tackle head-on the situation I assumed was waiting for me.I arrived full of zeal, knocking at the shelters door. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from that which I had anticipated. The coordinator explained that the shelters need for financial self-sufficiency had become ob
20、vious and acute. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bake
21、ry and left in order to “ get out of my way. “ At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign r
22、iver with only my coordinators confidence to keep me afloat.They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I soon found that it is also the mother of initiative. I began finding recipes and appropriating the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, balancing books, printing pamphlets
23、 and making contacts, the bakery was soon running smoothly and successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house.In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment in which to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough side
24、 by side, I shared in the camaraderie of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved t
25、he womens self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women, many of them newly single, a sense of pride and the conviction that they had the capability to support themselves.Baking
26、gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all anticipated, but one that proved very successful. I became a more sensitive and skillful social worker, capable of making a mean seven-grain loaf. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I foun
27、d that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.6 The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author_.（A）was shocked by the discrepancy between her earlier ideas about her work and the reality she faced（B） discovered a talent her overly-focused mind had never allowe
28、d her to explore（C） broadened how she defined the scope of her work（D）developed her abilities to orchestrate a for-profit business enterprise7 In Line 5 of Para. 1 “garnered“ most nearly means_.（A）exchanged（B） collected（C） required（D）enriched8 The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal“(Lin
29、e 1 of Para. 2)indicates that she was_.（A）anxious and insecure（B） eager and interested（C） confident but uninformed（D）cheerful but exhausted9 The author was initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery because she_.（A）considered it from a theoretical point of view（B） hoped to obtain a leadersh
30、ip position in the bakery（C） wanted to demonstrate her baking knowledge to her new coordinator（D）believed it would be a good way to build the womens self-esteem10 The comparison in Lines 6 -7 of Para. 2(“At that moment.political office“)demonstrates the authors belief that_.（A）it was unfair of the c
31、oordinator to ask the author to run the bakery（B） social workers should not be involved in either baking or politics（C） she was unqualified for a job baking bread（D）similar skills were involved in both baking and politics11 Lines 7 -8 of Para. 2(“The bigger.bakery“)suggest that the author believed t
32、hat_.（A）learning the necessary business practices would be a more daunting challenge than learning to bake bread（B） good business practices are more important to running a successful bakery than is the quality of the bread（C） her coordinators confidence in for-profit business models was misplaced（D）
33、for-profit business models are significantly more complex than the non-profit models with which she was familiar12 The last sentence(“Learning.dough“)indicates that the author_.（A）lacked self-confidence just as much as the women with whom she worked（B） found that performing social work is surprising
34、ly easy with no education（C） underestimated her own ability to learn new skills（D）derived a benefit from her work while helping others 12 Though he would one day be considered an innovator and founding father of the artistic movement known as Impressionism, Claude Monet(1840-1926)began his career as
35、 a fairly traditional representational artist. His painting gradually changed, however, as he became interested in light and how it affects perceptionan interest that led him to attempt to paint light itself rather than the objects off of which light reflected. Monet also rejected the tradition of p
36、ainting in a dedicated studio, and left the confines of his dusty room to paint outside. Many of his friends and fellow artists, including Pisarro, Renoir and Cezanne, were also interested in working alfresco and joined him in painting outdoors. This group, the core of the movement that would later
37、be classified as Impressionism, made it a common practice to paint the same scene many times in a day to explore the changes in the light, using small patches of color rather than the large brush strokes and blended color that had characterized artistic technique until that time. The Impressionists
38、were thus attempting to evoke a mood rather than document a specific scene or event, as had been the aim of earlier painters.This move away from representation was also effected by a technological development, as photography became more affordable and popular. Before the development of photography,
39、painting was the primary means of documenting the marriages, births, and business successes of the wealthy. Photographers soon took over much of this role because photographs were faster, more accurate, and less expensive than paintings. This freed the Impressionists to find new roles for their medi
40、um and encouraged the public to think about painting in a new way. It was no longer just a means of recording significant events; it now reflected an artists unique vision of a scene or moment.Today, Impressionism enjoys a privileged position with many art historians and critics, although this was c
41、ertainly not always the case. As the movement was developing, most critics were at best uninterested and often appalled by the work. Even the name of the movement was originally a derisive critique. A critic who, like most of his colleagues, prized realism in paintings, declared the movement “Impres
42、sionism“ after the name of the painting Impression: A Sunrise, by Monet. The critic considered the Impressionists works unfinishedonly an impression, rather than a complete painting. It is safe to say that such a critic would be in the minority today, however. Impressionist paintings are now some of
43、 the most prized works in the art world. Museums and individuals pay huge sums to add these works to their collections, and the reproductions of the artworks are among the most popular fine art posters sold.13 The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（A）condemn the critics who prevented the Impress
44、ionists from exhibiting their work（B） contrast Monets work with that of Pisarro, Renoir, and Cezanne（C） describe the primary characteristics of Monets paintings（D）explain the origins of Impressionism and Monets role in the movement14 According to the passage, the Impressionists did all of the follow
45、ing EXCEPT_.（A）paint the same scene at different times of the day（B） paint the light reflected by objects（C） receive acclaim from their contemporaries（D）reconsider the role of painting in society15 In Line 10 of Para. 1, the author most likely mentions “patches of color“ to describe_.（A）the light th
46、at the Impressionists encountered when they worked outdoors（B） a shortcoming of traditional paintings（C） a distinguishing characteristic of modern painters（D）an innovative technique used by Impressionist painters16 The discussion of photography(Para. 2)serves as_.（A）a description of an innovation th
47、at affected the development of Impressionism（B） the most important context in which to understand Impressionism（C） a demonstration of its similarities to painting（D）a demonstration of the publics dislike of Impressionism17 The author of the passage would most likely describe the medium of photograph
48、y as_.（A）expensive（B） precise（C） false（D）inconsistent18 In Para. 3 “a derisive critique“ most nearly means that the criticism was made in a(n)_way.（A）careless（B） constructive（C） exaggerating（D）mocking19 The “critic“ mentioned in Line 5 of Para. 3 would most likely agree that_.（A）Impressionist painti
49、ngs are inferior because they fail to clearly represent their subjects（B） Impressionism now enjoys a much more prestigious place in the art world than it once did（C） Monets Impression; A Sunrise was a highly influential work（D）the use of photography to document important events freed painters to explore other roles20 In Line 8 of Para. 3 “prized“ most nearly means_.（A）awarded（B） discovered（C） valued（D）decorated二、句子改错21 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underl
