1、2011 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、名词解释1 Waiting for Godot2 Harlem renaissance3 Antagonist4 Comedy of manners5 Blank verse二、翻译题6 Please translate the following English into Chinese, and pay attention to its literary quality.It was New Years Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his
2、 mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goalthe tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading t
3、o it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.7 Please translate the following Chinese into English and pay attention to its literary quality.真正成为自己不是一件很容易的事。世上有很多人，你说他是什么都行，例
4、如是一种职业，一个身份，一个角色，唯独不是他自己。如果一个人总是按照别人的意见生活，总是为外在的事务忙碌，没有自己的内心生活，那么，说他不是他自己一点儿也没有冤枉他。因为的的确确，从他的头脑到心灵，你在其中已经找不到丝毫真正属于他自己的东西了，他只是别人的一个影子和事务的一架机器罢了。三、分析题8 Summarize Puritans beliefs.9 Illustrate the main characteristics of Modernism from a literary perspective.10 Make a brief comment on J. R. R. Tolkiens
5、 The Lord of the Rings.10 In her eagerness she rose and supported herself on the arm of the chair. At that earnest appeal he turned to her, looking absolutely desperate. His eyes, wide and wet, at last flashed fiercely on her; his breast heaved convulsively. An instant they held asunder, and then ho
6、w they met I hardly saw, but Catherine made a spring, and he caught her, and they were locked in an embrace from which I thought my mistress would never be released alive; in fact, to my eyes, she seemed directly insensible. He flung himself into the nearest seat, and on my approaching hurriedly to
7、ascertain if she had fainted, he gnashed at me, and foamed like a mad dog, and gathered her to him with greedy jealousy. I did not feel as if I were in the company of a creature of my own species: it appeared that he would not understand, though I spoke to him; so I stood off, and held my tongue, in
8、 great perplexity.A movement of Catherines relieved me a little presently: she put up her hand to clasp his neck, and bring her cheek to his as he held her; while he, in return, covering her with frantic caresses, said wildly“ You teach me now how cruel youve beencruel and false. Why did you despise
9、 me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, and cry; and wring out my kisses and tears: theyll blight you theyll damn you. You loved methen what right had you to leave me? What rightanswer mefor the
10、poor fancy you felt for Linton? Because misery and degradation, and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, you, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heartyou have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine. So much the worse for me that I am str
11、ong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when youoh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?“ 11 Identify the author of the above passages.(2 points)12 What does the title(Wuthering Heights)mean?(4 points)13 Comment on the significance of the book.(4 points)13 It made
12、me shiver. And I about made up my mind to pray, and see if I couldnt try to quit being the kind of a boy I was and be better. So I kneeled down. But the words wouldnt come. Why wouldnt they? It warnt no use to try and hide it from Him. Nor from ME, neither. I knowed very well why they wouldnt come.
13、It was because my heart warnt right; it was because I warnt square; it was because I was playing double. I was letting ON to give up sin, but away inside of me I was holding on to the biggest one of all. I was trying to make my mouth SAY I would do the right thing and the clean thing, and go and wri
14、te to that niggers owner and tell where he was; but deep down in me I knowed it was a lie, and He knowed it. You cant pray a lieI found that out.So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didnt know what to do. At last I had an idea; and I says, Ill go and write the letterand then see if I ca
15、n pray. Why, it was astonishing, the way I felt as light as a feather right straight off, and my troubles all gone. So I got a piece of paper and a pencil, all glad and excited, and set down and wrote;Miss Watson, your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile below Pikesville, and Mr. Phelps has got
16、 him and he will give him up for the reward if you send.HUCK FINN.I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray now. But I didnt do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinkingthinking how good it was all this h
17、appened so, and how near I come to being lost and going to hell. And went on thinking. And got to thinking over our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me all the time; in the day and in the night-time, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we afloating along, talking and singing and laug
18、hing. But somehow I couldnt seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind. Id see him standing my watch on top of hisn, stead of calling me, so I could go on sleeping; and see him how glad he was when I come back out of the fog; and when I come to him again in the swamp,
19、 up there where the feud was; and such-like times; and would always call me honey, and pet me and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was; and at last I struck the time I saved him by telling the men we had small-pox aboard, and he was so grateful, and said I was the best
20、friend old Jim ever had in the world, and the ONLY one hes got now; and then I happened to look around and see that paper.It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of
21、 holding my breath, and then says to myself;“All right, then, Ill GO to hell“ and tore it tip.14 Identify the author of the work from which the passage is selected.(2 points)15 Define the literary school/trend to which the author belongs.(4 points)16 Comment on the selection.(4 points)16 .What thoug
22、h the field be lost?All is not lost; the unconquerable Will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield;And what is else not to be overcome?They Glory never shall his wrath or mightExtort from me. To bow and sue for graceWith suppliant knee, and deifie his powerWho from
23、the terrour of this Arm so lateDoubted his Empire, that were low indeed,That were an ignominy and shame beneathThis downfall; since by Fate the strength of GodsAnd this Empyreal substance cannot fail,Since through experience of this great eventIn Arms not worse, in foresignt much advanct,We may with
24、 more successful hope resolveTo wage by force or guile eternal WarrIrreconcileable, to our grand Foe,Who now triumphs, and in th excess of joySole reigning holds the Tyranny of Heavn.17 Identify the work from which the passage is selected.(2 points)18 What is the Miltonic Style?(4 points)19 Comment
25、on the significance of the work from which the above passage is selected.(4 points)19 Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in t
26、he pond; that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which I did. They say that characters were engraved on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect: “ Renew thyself completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again. “ I can understand that Morning brings back t
27、he heroic ages. I was as much affected by the faint hum of a mosquito making its invisible and unimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sitting with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homers requiem; itself an Iliad and Odyss
28、ey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings. There was something cosmical about it; a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then there is least somnolence
29、 in us; and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night. Little is to be expected of that day, if it can be called a day, to which we are not awakened by our Genius, but by the mechanical nudgings of some servitor, are not awakened by our own newly
30、acquired force and aspirations from within, accompanied by the undulations of celestial music, instead of factory bells, and a fragrance filling the airto a higher life than we fell asleep from; and thus the darkness bear its fruit, and prove itself to be good, no less than the light. That man who d
31、oes not believe that each day contains an earlier, more sacred, and auroral hour than he has yet profaned, has despaired of life, and is pursuing a descending and darkening way. After a partial cessation of his sensuous life, the soul of man, or its organs rather, are reinvigorated each day, and his
32、 Genius tries again what noble life it can make. All memorable events, I should say, transpire in morning time and in a morning atmosphere. The Vedas say, “All intelligences awake with the morning. “ Poetry and art, and the fairest and most memorable of the actions of men, date from such an hour. Al
33、l poets and heroes, like Memnon, are the children of Aurora, and emit their music at sunrise. To him whose elastic and vigorous thought keeps pace with the sun, the day is a perpetual morning. It matters not what the clocks say or the attitudes and labors of men. Morning is when I am awake and there
34、 is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep. Why is it that men give so poor an account of their day if they have not been slumbering? They are not such poor calculators. If they had not been overcome with drowsiness, they would have performed something, The millions are awake en
35、ough for physical labor; but only one in a million is awake enough for effective intellectual exertion, only one in a hundred millions to a poetic or divine life. To be awake is to be alive. I have never yet met a man who was quite awake. How could I have looked him in the face?We must learn to reaw
36、aken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn, which does not forsake us in our soundest sleep. I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor. It is something to be able to pai
37、nt a particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so to make a few objects beautiful; but it is far more glorious to carve and paint the very atmosphere and medium through which we look, which morally we can do. To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts. Every man is tasked to m
38、ake his life, even in its details, worthy of the contemplation of his most elevated and critical hour. If we refused, or rather used up, such paltry information as we get, the oracles would distinctly inform us how this might be done.20 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is sele
39、cted.(2 points)21 Define the literary school/trend to which the author belongs?(6 points)22 Comment on the above selected passages.(2 points)22 It seemed as if he thought a while, for now he arose and turned the gas out, standing calmly in the blackness, hidden from view. After a few moments, in whi
40、ch he reviewed nothing, but merely hesitated, he turned the gas on again, but applied no match. Even then he stood there, hidden wholly in that kindness which is night, while the uprising fumes filled the room. When the odor reached his nostrils, he quit his attitude and fumbled for the bed. “Whats
41、the use?“ he said, weakly, as he stretched himself to rest.And now Carrie had attained that which in the beginning seemed lifes object, or, at least, such fraction of it as human beings ever attain of their original desires. She could look about on her gowns and carriage, her furniture and bank acco
42、unt. Friends there were, as the world takes itthose who would bow and smile in acknowledgment of her success. For these she had once craved. Applause there was, and publicityonce far off, essential things, but now grown trivial and indifferent. Beauty alsoher type of lovelinessand yet she was lonely
43、. In her rocking-chair she sat, when not otherwise engagedsinging and dreaming.Oh, the tangle of human life! How dimly as yet we see. Here was Carrie, in the beginning poor, unsophisticated, emotional; responding with desire to everything most lovely in life, yet finding herself turned as by a wall.
44、 Laws to say; “ Be allured, if you will, by everything lovely, but draw not nigh unless by righteousness. “ Convention to say: “You shall not better your situation save by honest labor. “ If honest labor be unremunerative and difficult to endure; if it be the long, long road which never reaches beau
45、ty, but wearies the feet and the heart; if the drag to follow beauty be such that one abandons the admired way, taking rather the despised path leading to her dreams quickly, who shall cast the first stone? Not evil, but longing for that which is better, more often directs the steps of the erring. N
46、ot evil, but goodness more often allures the feeling mind unused to reason.23 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.(2 points)24 Define the literary school/trend to which the author belongs?(4 points)25 Compare and contrast the ends of two protagonists.(4 points)26 Plea
47、se analyze the following poem.(10 points)Fire and IceSome say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what Ive tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice.2011 年北京航空航
48、天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Waiting for Godot is an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait endlessly and in vain for someone named Godot to arrive.2 【正确答案】 Harlem renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned 1920s and 1930s. At the time, i
49、t was known as “ New Negro Movement“. It was a burst of literary achievement by Negro playwrights, poets, and novelists who presented new insights into American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous black writers after mid-twentieth century.3 【正确答案】 Antagonist is a person, or a group of people who oppose the main character. The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her.4 【正确答案】 Comedy of manners is a
