1、2012 年首都师范大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、匹配题0 Match the term with its definition.(10 points)a. words derived from the initials of several wordsb. loss of grammatical distinctionsc. language impairment from the very beginningd. phenomenon in which words may shift from one part of speech to another without th
2、e addition of affixese. words that are forbidden or to be avoidedf. the use of previously available strategies in new situationsg. components that make up the meaning of word1 overgeneralization2 autism3 taboo4 functional shift5 acronyms二、名词解释6 Give a short definition to each of the following terms
3、in English with an example.(20 points)motivation7 diglossia8 linguistic imperialism9 metacognitive strategies10 pidgin11 argument12 cross-association13 language variety14 reference15 head movement三、简答题16 Answer the following question with necessary background information and/or illustrative examples
4、 to show your understanding.(20 points)Discuss the relationship between first language acquisition and second language acquisition.2012 年首都师范大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案与解析一、匹配题1 【正确答案】 f【试题解析】 过分法则化：the use of previously available strategies in new situations2 【正确答案】 c【试题解析】 自闭症孤独症：language impairment from th
5、e very beginning3 【正确答案】 e【试题解析】 禁忌语：words that are forbidden or to be avoided4 【正确答案】 d【试题解析】 功能性转换：phenomenon in which words may shift from one part of speech to another without theaddition of affixes5 【正确答案】 a【试题解析】 首字母缩略词：words derived from the initials of several words二、名词解释6 【正确答案】 Motivation
6、is defined as the learners attitudes and affective state or learning drive, which has a strong impact on his efforts in learning a second language. Instrumental motivation, integrative motivation, resultative motivation and intrinsic motivation are different examples of motivation.【试题解析】 (考查动机的定义)7
7、【正确答案】 Diglossia, a term first used by Ferguson in 1959, refers to a sociolinguistic situation in which two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. For example, Arabic and Modern Greek both have two varieties: the high variety an
8、d the low variety.【试题解析】 (考查双言制的定义)8 【正确答案】 Linguistic imperialism is a kind of linguicism which can be defined as the promulgation of global ideologies through the worldwide expansion of one language. An example is the rapid spread of English as a world language.【试题解析】 (考查语言帝国主义的定义)9 【正确答案】 Metacog
9、nitive strategies are those of the learning strategies. The techniques in planning, monitoring and evaluating learning are the examples of metacognitive strategies.【试题解析】 (考查元认知策略的定义)10 【正确答案】 A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak di
10、fferent languages for restricted purposes such as trading. One example is the Chinese Pidgin English.【试题解析】 (考查洋泾浜语的定义)11 【正确答案】 An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with a nominal element in a sentence. For example, in the sentence “Tom smokes“ , the argument is
11、“Tom“.【试题解析】 (考查主目的定义)12 【正确答案】 Cross-association refers to the interference and confusion caused by the close association of the two words because of their similar meaning, spelling and pronunciation. For example, other/another, much/many are some pairs that may cause cross-association.【试题解析】 (考查互相
12、联想的定义)13 【正确答案】 Language variety, also called speech variety, refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers. For example, regional dialects, sociolects, and registers are the three types of speech varieties.【试题解析】 (考查语言变体的定义)14 【正确答案】 Reference means what a li
13、nguistic form refers to in the real, physical world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. For example, in the sentence “The dog is barking“ , the word “dog“ refers to a dog known to both the speaker and the hearer.【试题解析】 (考查所指的定义)1
14、5 【正确答案】 Head movement refers to the type of inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another. For example, the movement of “will“ in the sentence “Will the train arrive?“ is a kind of head movement.【试题解析】 (考查中心语移位的定义)三、简答题16
15、 【正确答案】 First language acquisition refers to a childs acquisition of his mother tongue, i. e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. Most children acquire the language quickly and effortlessly. It seems that their acquisition process is simple and straightforward
16、and progresses at similar rate.(2 points)Second language acquisition refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires a second language subsequent to his native language. Compared with first language acquisition, second language acquisition puts forward great difficulties for the adults.(2
17、points)Both theoretically and practically, the studies on the first language acquisition have influenced those on the second language acquisition.(2 points)Theoretically, the new findings and advances in first language acquisition especially in learning theories and the learning process have shed li
18、ght on the understanding of second language acquisition in general.(2 points)Practically, the techniques used to collect and analyze data in first language acquisition also provide insights and perspectives in the study of second language acquisition issues.(2 points)The first language study has ser
19、ved as a backcloth for perceiving and understanding new facts about second language learning.(2 points)On the other hand, second language acquisition is different from first language acquisition. The second language learners generally fail to attain native-like competence. The language they produce
20、is generally called interlanguage or learner language, which refers to an abstract system of learners target language system.(4 points)Their competence tends to become stablized or fossilized at certain level. Some experts relate this to the learners partial access to no access to the Universal Gram
21、mar; others hold that even if learners have full access to the Universal Grammar, it is done through their native language, and therefore, their language is short of native-like proficiency.(4 points)【试题解析】 考查第一语言习得与第二语言习得之间的关系。第一语言习得为第二语言习得的研究提供了理论和实践的支撑，帮助人们理解和研究二语习得。但是，二语习得又与一语习得存在不同之处：第二语言很难达到母语的水平。在这种情况下，人们所习得的语言可以被称为中介语。很多学者认为这与不能获取第一语言的普遍语法有关。
