1、2013 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、名词解释1 Point of view2 Allegory3 Gothic4 Flashback5 Didactic二、翻译题6 Translate the following English into Chinese.Regular all-over bathing, elaborated in ancient Greece and Rome and celebrated in luxurious contemporary ensuite bathrooms, was distrusted for about 400 y
2、ears in the second millennium. Water was thought to carry disease into the skin; pores nicely clogged with dirt were a means to block it out. In the 17th century the European aristocracy, who washed little, wore linen shirts in order to draw out dirt from the skin instead, and heavy perfumes and oil
3、s to mask bad smells.7 我对人充满信心，我相信纯洁无暇的人性。我愿意倾听人们的心声，帮助他们实现自己的愿望、获取所需的东西。当然，也有人行同禽兽，他们残杀无辜、行骗撒谎、破坏成性。但不相信人对人类未来丧失信心就会对未来绝望，哀叹今不如昔。我认为每个人都必须有自己遵循的人生哲学。有些人的人生哲学是怀疑一切。他们宣称世界上没有真理，美德不过是自私的巧妙伪装。他们认为人生苦短，生于痛苦，又终将走向坟墓。三、分析题8 English Renaissance playwright Christopher Marlowe successfully depicts “over-reac
4、hers“ of one kind or another. In his masterpiece The Tragical History of Dr. Fautus, Dr. Faustus perishes out of his unquenchable thirst for yet more power through knowledge. Please make a comment on this tragedy, together with a comment on the relationship between knowledge and morality.9 Please an
5、alyze Charlotte Bronte(18161855)s Jane Eyre from the perspective of “ the madwoman in the attic.10 How do you interpret the death of Willy Loman in Arthur Millers famous play Death of a Salesman？ Please discuss the factors that contribute to Willys death.10 It made me shiver. And I about made up my
6、mind to pray, and see if I couldnt try to quit being the kind of a boy I was and be better. So I kneeled down. But the words wouldnt come. Why wouldnt they? It warnt no use to try and hide it from Him. Nor from ME, neither. I knowed very well why they wouldnt come. It was because my heart warnt righ
7、t; it was because I warnt square; it was because I was playing double. I was letting On to give up sin, but away inside of me I was holding on to the biggest one of all. I was trying to make my mouth SAY I would do the right thing and the clean thing, and go and write to that niggers owner and tell
8、where he was; but deep down in me I knowed it was a lie, and He knowed it. You cant pray a lieI found that out.So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didnt know what to do. At last I had an idea; and I says, Ill go and write the letterand then see if I can pray. Why, it was astonishing, t
9、he way I felt as light as a feather right straight off, and my troubles all gone. So I got a piece of paper and a pencil, all glad and excited, and set down and wrote:Miss Watson, your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile belowPiKesville, and Mr. Phelps has got him and he will give him up for th
10、e reward if you send.HUCK FINN.I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray now. But I didnt do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinkingthinking how good it was all this happened so, and how near I come to
11、being lost and going to hell. And went on thinking. And got to thinking over our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me all the time: in the day and in the night-time, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we a-floating along, talking and singing and laughing. But somehow I couldnt seem t
12、o strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind, Id see him standing my watch on top of his n, stead of calling me, so I could go on sleeping; and see him how glad he was when I come back out of the fog; and when I come to him again in the swamp, up there where the feud was; and
13、 such-like times; and would always call me honey, and pet me and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was; and at last I struck the time I saved him by telling the men we had small-pox aboard, and he was so grateful, and said I was the best friend old Jim ever had in the wo
14、rld, and the ONLY one hes got now; and then I happened to look around and see that paper.It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then say
15、to myself; “All right, then, Ill GO to hell“and tore it up.11 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.12 Define the literary school/ trend to which the author belongs?13 Comment on the selection. 13 Disgusting! The porridge is burnt again! Silence! ejaculated a voice; not
16、 that of Miss Miller, but one of the upper teachers, a little and dark personage, smartly dressed, but of somewhat morose aspect, who installed herself at the top of one table, while a more buxom lady presided at the other. I looked in vain for her I had first seen the night before; she was not visi
17、ble: Miss Miller occupied the foot of the table where I sat, and a strange, foreign -looking, elderly lady, the French teacher, as I afterwards found, took the corresponding seat at the other board. A long grace was said and a hymn sung; then a servant brought in some tea for the teachers, and the m
18、eal began.Ravenous, and now very faint, I devoured a spoonful or two of my portion without thinking of its taste; but the first edge of hunger blunted, I perceived I had got in hand a nauseous mess; burnt porridge is almost as; famine itself soon sickens over it. The spoons as bad as rotten potatoes
19、; famine itself soon sickens over it. The spoons were moved slowly: I saw each girl taste her food and try to swallow it; but in most cases the effort was soon relinquished. Breakfast was over, and none had breakfasted. Thanks being returned for what we had not got, and a second hymn chanted, the re
20、fectory was evacuated for the schoolroom. I was one of the last to go out, and in passing the tables, I saw one teacher take a basin of the porridge and taste it; she looked at the others; all their countenances expressed displeasure, and one of them, the stout one, whispered Abominable stuff How sh
21、ameful! The only marked event of the afternoon was, that I saw the girl with whom I had conversed in the verandah dismissed in disgrace by Miss Scatcherd from a history lass, and sent to stand in the middle of the large schoolroom. The punishment seemed to me in a high degree ignominious, especially
22、 for so great a girlshe looked thirteen or upwards, I expected she would show signs of great distress and shame; but to my surprise she neither wept nor blushed: composed, though grave, she stood, the central mark of all eyes. How can she bear it so quietlyso firmly? I asked of myself. Were I in her
23、 place, it seems to me I should wish the earth to open and swallow me up. She looks as if she were thinking of something beyond her punishmentbeyond her situation: of something not round her nor before her. I have heard of day-dreamsis she in a day-dream now? Her eyes are fixed on the floor, but I a
24、m sure they do not see ither sight seems turned in, gone down into her heart: she is looking at what she can remember, I believe; not at what is really present. I wonder what sort of a girl she iswhether good or naughty.Soon after five P. M. we had another meal, consisting of a small mug of coffee,
25、and half a slice of brown bread. I devoured my bread and drank my coffee with relish, but I should have been glad of as much moreI was still hungry. Half an hours recreation succeeded, then study; then the glass of water and the piece of oat-cake, prayers, and bed. Such was my first day at Lowood.14
26、 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.15 Comment on the selected paragraphs.16 Why the book is regarded as a great novel?16 Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw
27、I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.17 Identify the author and the work from which the passa
28、ge is selected.18 Define the poets theory of poetry with the analysis of the quoted passage. 18 Wild spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O Near!Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth! And, by the incantation of this verse,
29、Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakened earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?19 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.20 Explain the meaning of “De
30、stroyer and Preserver“ in terms of the theme.21 Define the literary trend to which the poet belongs. 21 But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential. INickfound myself on Gatsbys side, and alone. From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg Village, every surmise about h
31、im, and every practical question, was referred to me.22 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.23 How do you understand the word “great“ , which is used to describe the titular hero? Is he really great ?24 What is the theme of the work? 24 Laura: little articles of it, t
32、heyre ornaments mostly! Most of them are little animals made out of glass, the tiniest little animals in the world.Oh, be carefulif you breathe, it breaks!Jim: Id better no take it. Im pretty clumsy with things.Laura; Go on, I trust you with him!She places the piece in his palm.There nowyoure holdin
33、g him gently! Hold him over the light, he loves the light! You see how the light shines through him? Jim; it sure does shine!Laura; I shouldnt be partial, but he is my favorite one. Jim; What kind of a thing is this one supposed to be? Laura; Havent you noticed the single horn on his forehead? Jim;
34、A unicorn, huh? Laura; Mmmm-hmmm!Jim; Unicornsarent they extinct in the modern world? Laura; I know!Jim; Poor little fellow, he must feel sort of lonesome. Laura; Well, if he does, he doesnt complain about it. He stays on a shelf with some horses that hasnt have horns and all or them seem to get alo
35、ng nicely together.25 Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.26 Do you see any connection between Lauras personality and the unicorn?27 What is the theme of the work?2013 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 It is the vantage point from which a narrative is told. T
36、here are two basic points of view; first-person and third-person.2 【正确答案】 Allegory is a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor. Allegories are written in the form of fables, parables, poems, stories and almost any other style or genre. The main purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that h
37、as characters, a setting, as well as other types of symbols that have both literal and figurative meanings.3 【正确答案】 Gothic literature emphasizes the grotesque, the mysterious, and the desolate. Gothic, originally in the sense “ medieval, not classical, “ was applied by Horace Walpole to his novel Th
38、e Castle of Otranto published in 1765. Popular in the 18th century, Gothic literature is an ancestor of the modern mystery story, fantasy and science fiction. The typical Gothic novel has a medieval setting, tantalizing plot of revenge and terrifying scenes and endings.4 【正确答案】 Flashback is an inter
39、jected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point the story has reached. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the storys primary sequence of events to fill in crucial back-story. The method is used to create suspense in a story, develop a character
40、 or structure the narration.5 【正确答案】 Didactic literature is a instructional literature in artistic form. Didactic literature presents philosophical, religious, moral, and scientific knowledge and ideas in various imaginative literary genres. In the period when there was no ideological separation bet
41、ween science and art, Didactic literature was a vital, naively integral form of contemplation and could be realized poetically. But as the specialized forms of scientific and philosophical exposition are distinguished, particularly in modern times, the artistic form of didactic literature become, in
42、 Hegels words, simply “ornamentation“ , lending a “cheerful aspect to dry, serious instruction“.二、翻译题6 【正确答案】 古希腊和古罗马竭力倡导定期全身洗浴，洗浴通常在当时豪华的浴室套间中进行。但在第二个千年的 400 年间，人们却对这种洗浴持怀疑态度。人们认为水会将疾病带至皮肤，而污垢堵塞毛孔可以防止疾病入侵。17 世纪的欧洲贵族几乎不怎么洗澡，而是穿亚麻衬衫除去皮肤上的灰尘，并使用味道浓重的香水和精油来掩盖糟糕的体味。7 【正确答案】 I confirmedly believe in peop
43、le, and in sheer, unadulterated humanity. I am willing to listen to what people say and to help them to achieve the things that they want and need. Naturally, there are people who behave like beasts, who kill, cheat, lie and destroy. But I do not believe that a man, when he has lost confidence in hi
44、s future, will be despairing, lamenting the life is not what it used to be. I believe that each of us should observe a philosophy by which we can live. There are people whose philosophy is believing in nothing. They declare there is no truth, and that goodness is simply artful camouflage of ones own
45、 selfishness. They say that life is simply the short gap in between an unpleasant birth and an inevitable death.三、分析题8 【正确答案】 The play is famous both for its thematic and formal features. Thematically, the image of Faustus is historically significant as a “ photo“ record of the new man, the modern m
46、an, the Renaissance humanist, who steps into modern light with all the glitter of reformation and renaissance. Faustus, the medieval man, has already had everything including knowledge and power to make him happy, but he is not happy. Insatiability is his name. He sees the world as one of infinite p
47、ower and profit. He wants to be a superman and a virtual god figure, and he becomes one though he has to pay an exorbitant price. Thus Faustus represents the archetypal Renaissance humanist of the 16th century and a supreme specimen of everyman for all time. This play marks a new phase in human epis
48、temology, the one in which man emerges from his initial total submission to external forces and awakens to his own importance and power and begins to assert himself. As he is human, his potential is circumscribed and he often ends up overreaching himself, but the striving endows his life with meanin
49、g and purpose and makes it worth living.9 【正确答案】 In Jane Eyre, Bertha Mason serves as an ominous representation of uncontrollable passion and madness. Her marriage to Rochester serves as the primary conflict of the novel, and it is only after her death that Jane is able to achieve personal happiness by marrying Mr. Rochester. However, Berthas position as “ the madwoman in the attic“ also speaks to larger social questions of femininity and authorship during the Victorian period.According to the writers of “
