1、2015 年北京第二外国语学院英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 Central Intelligence Agency2 A Tale of Two Cities3 National Basketball Association4 Hubble Space Telescope5 Charter of the United Nations6 International Monetary Fund7 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade8 Intellectual Property Rights9 government procurement10 m
2、ost-favored-nation treatment11 bilateral arrangement12 Global Positioning System13 American Commodities Exchange14 the Dow-Jones industrial average15 the United Nations Peace-keeping Forces汉译英16 诗经17 直译18 世界文化遗产19 动态对等20 综合国力21 中国工商银行22 国家外汇储备23 扩大内需24 海峡两岸关系25 国家外汇管理局26 全国人民代表大会27 南水北调工程28 农村剩余劳动力2
3、9 经济结构战略性调整30 磁悬浮铁路英译汉31 The Road to SuccessIt is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to th
4、e broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who
5、has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high.
6、 “ I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, “My place is at the top
7、. “ Be king in your dreams.And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have
8、the best machinery, and know the most about it.汉译英32 据知名分析师称，最近在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情很有可能会损害几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂或许还有尼日利亚的经济增长和财政状况。一系列病毒预防措施正在抑制商业、运动、旅游和贸易的发展。埃博拉引发了巨大的恐慌。当地民众举行的抗议活动要求政府采取更加有力而有效的措施。埃博拉病毒通过接触感染者血液或其他体液进行传播，已经导致几十名医务人员死亡，一些医院被迫关闭。穆迪信用评级服务公司说，抗击埃博拉的费用将增加国家预算压力，商业滞缓将削减税收并导致各国经济增长速度放缓。专家称埃博拉疫情对一些国家经济的损害超
9、过以往，因为疫情都爆发在人口密集区域。专家对此感到担忧并表示说埃博拉病毒对经济的影响令人震惊，因为这些受影响的国家处在可能关闭经济命脉的边缘。一些航空公司要求乘客登机前洗手并进行体温检测，而其他航空公司已取消相关航班。政府官员也关闭了某些边境、禁止公共聚会和体育活动，并让一些工人待在家里。疾病专家称埃博拉已致 1 000 多人死亡，这个数字可能会继续上升。目前没有有效疫苗和广泛治疗的原因是，各机构没有就采取什么紧急措施达成统一意见。这次疫情是分散的，极具爆发性，随后快速消失。通常可用低成本的技术含量并不高的措施得到有效控制，但是这一次埃博拉疫情却除外。这些措施包括告诉潜在受感染者如何避免感染，
10、向卫生工作者提供更多防护服和手套、肥皂、水和漂白剂。2015 年北京第二外国语学院英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 美国 中央情报局2 【正确答案】 双城记3 【正确答案】 美国职业篮球联赛4 【正确答案】 哈勃太空望远镜5 【正确答案】 联合国宪章6 【正确答案】 国际货币基金组织7 【正确答案】 关贸总协定8 【正确答案】 知识产权9 【正确答案】 政府采购10 【正确答案】 最惠国待遇11 【正确答案】 双边协议12 【正确答案】 全球卫星定位系统13 【正确答案】 美国商品交易所14 【正确答案】 道琼斯工业指数15 【正确答案】 联合国维和部队汉译英16 【正确答
11、案】 The Book of Songs17 【正确答案】 literal translation18 【正确答案】 World Cultural Heritage19 【正确答案】 dynamic equivalence20 【正确答案】 comprehensive national strength21 【正确答案】 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China22 【正确答案】 state foreign exchange reserves23 【正确答案】 expand domestic demand24 【正确答案】 cross-strait rel
12、ation25 【正确答案】 State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE)26 【正确答案】 National Peoples Congress27 【正确答案】 South-North water diversion project28 【正确答案】 surplus rural workers29 【正确答案】 strategic adjustment of the economic structure30 【正确答案】 magnetic levitation railway英译汉31 【正确答案】 成功之道年轻人应该从头干起，从最底层的工作做
13、起，这是件好事。匹兹堡有很多大企业家，他们在创业之初，都肩负过“重任” ：他们以扫帚相伴，以打扫办公室的方式度过了他们商业生涯的最初时光。我注意到现在的办公室都配备了工友，于是年轻人就不幸错过了商业教育中这个有益的环节。如果哪天上午专职扫地的工友碰巧没来，某个具有未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地拿起扫帚。必要时新来的员工扫扫地不会有什么损失。我就曾经扫过地。假如你已经被录用，干得还相当不错，我给你的建议是：要志存高远。一个年轻人，如果不把自己看成一家大公司未来的老板或合伙人，我会对他不屑一顾。不论职位有多高，内心时刻都不要满足于做一个总管，领班或者总经理。要对自己说：我要迈向顶尖!要做就做你
14、梦想中的国王!获得成功的首要条件和最大秘诀是：把精力、思想和资本全部集中在所从事的事业上。一旦投入某项事业，就要下定决心在那一领域闯出一片天地来；做这一行的领导人物，点点滴滴地改进，采用最优良的设备，对专业知识熟稔于心。汉译英32 【正确答案】 The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa is likely to hurt economic growth and government finances in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and perhaps Nigeria, according to a key an
15、alyst. Prevention efforts are crimping commerce, sports, travel and trade. Ebola sparks fear, and protests demanding stronger and smarter government actions. Its spread by contact with blood or other body fluids of infected people, which is why it has killed scores of medical workers and forced some
16、 hospitals to close.Moodys credit rating service says the costs of fighting Ebola will strain national budgets, while the slowdown in commerce will cut tax revenues and could make measurable cuts in each countrys annual GDP growth. Experts say this outbreak is hurting the economy more than previous
17、ones in Africa because it is in a more populated area. The analysts say the economic implications of this Ebola virus are staggering and its staggering because its on the edge of possibly shutting down the economic lifeline for the affected countries.Some airlines are demanding hand washing and temp
18、erature checks for passengers, while others have canceled flights. Officials have also closed some borders, banned some public gatherings and sports events and told some workers to stay home. A disease expert said Ebola has killed more than 1, 000 people and is likely to kill more. Competing priorit
19、ies are one reason there is no effective vaccine or treatment widely available yet. These outbreaks are sporadic, explosive, and then disappear. They are controlled using very low-tech measures that are low cost, and each outbreak has been stopped using these low-tech measures up until this one. Those low-tech measures include telling potential victims how to avoid infection, providing more protective suits and gloves for health workers, and a dose of soap, water and bleach.
