1、2015 年山东大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 FOB2 GDP3 UNICEF4 YMCA5 APEC6 Barcelona7 venture capital8 Federal Reserve9 balance sheet10 State Councilor11 National Natural Science Foundation12 international trade regime13 State Archives Administration14 Patriotic Health Campaign15 Papua New Guinea汉译英16 自助餐厅17 儿童福利
2、18 红楼梦19 比较心理学20 计划经济21 总罢工22 人寿保险23 学前教育24 和谐社会25 公益文化活动26 形象工程27 流行音乐28 虚拟现实29 旅游农业30 国务院(中国)英译汉31 Man is the creature of interest and ambition. His nature leads him forth into the struggle and bustle of the world. Love is but the embellishment of his early life, or a song piped in the intervals o
3、f the acts. He seeks for fame, for fortune for space in the worlds thought, and dominion over his fellowmen. But a womans whole life is a history of the affections. The heart is her world; it is there her ambition strives for empireit is there her avarice seeks for hidden treasures. She sends forth
4、her sympathies on adventure; she embarks her whole soul in the traffic of affection; and if shipwrecked, her case is hopelessfor it is a bankruptcy of the heart.To a man, the disappointment of love may occasion some bitter pangs; it wounds some feelings of tendernessit blasts some prospects of felic
5、ity; but he is an active beinghe may dissipate his thoughts in the whirl of varied occupation, or may plunge into the tide of pleasure; or, if the scene of disappointment be too full of painful associations, he can shift his abode at will, and taking, as it were, the wings of the morning, can “fly t
6、o the uttermost parts of the earth, and be at rest.“汉译英32 人类迄今从事的所有科学研究都可以归纳进三个大门类:自然科学,社会科学,人文科学。这个分类是有其合理性的,因为它们分别是针对不同的对象,不但从“共时”(synchronic)的角度去看是如此,从“历时”(diachronic) 的角度去看也是如此,这三个门类研究的其实是前后相承的三个“世界” :天地之始,宇宙初辟,一直到第一种动物诞生之前,这个只有矿物和植物的相对静止的世界,就是自然世界;动物的出现带来了有自由活动的个体组成的群体,有了群体就必然有关系需要协调,有信息需要交流,这时
7、就出现了第二世界社会世界;动物进化到人,出现了人类世界,其与第二世界的区别在于人类有语言和思想。所有的学科都可以归纳进三个大门类里,当然学科间可能会有交叉,有的还可能兼属于三个门类,但不管怎样,它首先有个基本的归属,而这个基本归属必然是所研究对象的本质之所在。 2015 年山东大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 离岸价(Free on board)2 【正确答案】 国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)3 【正确答案】 联合国儿童基金会(United Nations Childrens Fund,formerly United Nations Int
8、ernational Childrens Emergency Fund)4 【正确答案】 基督教青年会(Young Mens Christian Association)5 【正确答案】 亚太经合组织(AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation)6 【正确答案】 巴塞罗那7 【正确答案】 风险投资8 【正确答案】 美国联邦储备系统9 【正确答案】 资产负债表10 【正确答案】 国务委员11 【正确答案】 国家自然科学基金委员会12 【正确答案】 国际贸易体制13 【正确答案】 国家档案局14 【正确答案】 爱国卫生运动15 【正确答案】 巴布亚新几内亚汉译英16 【正确答
9、案】 cafeteriabuffet17 【正确答案】 child welfare18 【正确答案】 Dream of the Red chamber19 【正确答案】 comparative psychology20 【正确答案】 planned economy21 【正确答案】 general strike22 【正确答案】 life insurance23 【正确答案】 preschool education24 【正确答案】 harmonious society25 【正确答案】 nonprofit cultural programs26 【正确答案】 image project27
10、【正确答案】 popular music28 【正确答案】 virtual reality(VR)29 【正确答案】 tourism agriculture30 【正确答案】 State Council(China)英译汉31 【正确答案】 男人自私自利且野心勃勃。受此天性驱使,他们投身世间争斗,日夜奔忙。爱情不过其年轻岁月里的点缀品,抑或是其奋斗小憩时高唱的一支小曲。他追名逐利,试图在世人心中占据一席之地,并凌驾于同伴之上。相反,女人的一生却是一部感情史。心便是她的世界:在这里她满怀抱负,力求获取绝对统治;在这里她尽显贪婪,寻觅深藏的宝藏。在感情冒险中,她表达怜悯;在情感的交流中,她寄托了整
11、个灵魂,一旦感情沉沦便会陷入绝望,因为她的心已然枯竭。对男人而言,失恋可能会让他感到阵阵悲痛;令其内心的些许柔情遭受伤害;令其对幸福的些许憧憬支离破碎;但他积极忙碌会在诸事席卷的忙碌中消散心中的凄苦,甚至会纵身跃人寻欢作乐的浪潮;或者,倘若失恋之地充满了痛苦的回忆,他亦可随意迁居,仿佛乘着早晨的翅膀,得以“飞抵天涯海角,求得安宁。”【试题解析】 本文选自华盛顿.欧文(Washington Irving)见闻札记(The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent)中的破碎的心(The Broken Heart)一文。华盛顿.欧文是 19 世纪美国散文大师,美国文学奠
12、基人之一。他的见闻札记引起欧洲和美国文学界的重视,奠定了他在美国文学史上的地位。他的文笔优雅清新,时常流露出温和的幽默。选段介绍了男人和女人对待爱情的不同态度,幽默中含有讽刺,讽刺中又让人不禁莞尔。汉译英32 【正确答案】 All scientific research that human beings have engaged in so far can be divided into three major types; natural sciences, social sciences and human sciences. Both synchronically and diachr
13、onically speaking, this classification is reasonable for they focus on different objectsthree successive “ worlds“ actually: the first world is the relatively static natural world composed of only minerals and plants from the beginning of the world to the emergence of the first animal species; the s
14、econd is the social world which demands coordination of relations and information exchanges as the emergence of animals gave rise to groups composed of individuals; the third is the human world that appeared after animals evolved into human beings. It is different from the social world for human bei
15、ngs, unlike animals, are endowed with the abilities to speak and think. While all disciplines can be classified into these three major types, there might be some intersection, and some may even belong to all the three types. But classifying every discipline into a certain type defines the nature of its objects of research.【试题解析】 本文选自华东师范大学对外汉语系潘文国教授发表的名为语言的定义一文。在介绍语言学应该归属于哪一个学科时,作者将人类所从事的所有科学研究归纳为三大类,并着重从历时的角度阐释了三大类各自的特质。本文属于议论文,语言客观正式,翻译时应格外重视语言的准确性。