1、2016 年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too_for someone of his talent and creativity.（A）prosaic（B） insatiable（C） exacting（D）enthralling2 The museum arranged the fossils in_order, placing the older fossils dating from the Late Ice Age on the fir
2、st floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor.（A）alphabetical（B） chronological（C） random（D）arbitrary3 With the evolution of wings, insects were able to_to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising env
3、ironmental niches.（A）relate（B） disperse（C） transgress（D）revert4 Having recently missed out on the Matisse retrospective, which has taken Paris and New York by storm, and on the tour of great paintings from Philadelphias Barnes collection, London is becoming_in the competition to show blockbuster int
4、ernational art exhibitions.（A）a trend-setter（B） an also-ran（C） a world-beater（D）a mecca5 What most_the magazines critics is the manner in which its editorial opinions are expressed too often as if only an idiot could see things any other way.（A）belies（B） impedes（C） riles（D）placates6 Despite her comp
5、assionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was single-minded and _in her strict adherence to the letter of the law.（A）merciful（B） uncompromising（C） dilatory（D）vindictive7 Although he generally observed the adage “Look before you leap,“ in this instance he was_acting in an unconsidered fa
6、shion.（A）chary of（B） impervious to（C） precipitate in（D）hesitant about8 Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably_her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and longed for honest criticism.（A）orchestrated（B） thwarted（C） assailed（D）extolled9 There is nothing_or provisional about
7、Moores early critical pronouncements; she deals confidently with what were then radical new developments in poetry.（A）tentative（B） positive（C） dogmatic（D）shallow10 She_the chance to spend a whole day with her father.（A）jumped on（B） jumped at（C） jumped with（D）jumped up11 She pointed out that his resu
8、me was_because it merely recorded his previous positions and failed to highlight the specific skills he had mastered in each job.（A）disinterested（B） inadequate（C） conclusive（D）obligatory12 Because it was already known that retroviruses could cause cancer in animals, it seemed only_to search for simi
9、lar cancer-causing viruses in human beings.（A）culpable（B） charitable（C） hypothetical（D）logical13 Her_is always a source of irritation; she never uses a single word when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.（A）frivolity（B） verbosity（C） ambivalence（D）cogency14 It is futile to try to
10、 destroy pests completely with chemical poisons, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced, the insects gradually become_to it.（A）drawn（B） vulnerable（C） resistant（D）indifferent15 Ms. Ono rarely gives interviews because she believes the news media have_her and treated her badly.（A）publicized（B
11、） misrepresented（C） eulogized（D）acclaimed16 Totem craftsmanship reached its_in the 19th century, when the introduction of metal tools enabled carvers to execute more sophisticated designs.（A）apex（B） conclusion（C） antithesis（D）reward17 As delicate and_as insect bodies are, it is remarkable that over
12、the ages enough of them have _, preserved in amber, for scientists to trace insect evolution.（A）beautiful; disappeared（B） fragile; survived（C） impervious; multiplied（D）refined; awakened18 Unfortunately, the current Broadway season offers some _fare that sounds markedly like imitations of previous hi
13、ts.（A）epic（B） radical（C） formulaic（D）incongruous19 For those who admire realism, Louis Malles recent film succeeds because it consciously shuns the stuff of legend and tells_story as it might actually unfold with fallible people in earthly time.（A）a derivative（B） an antiquated（C） an unembellished（D）
14、an ethereal20 Crabeater seal, the common name of Lobodon car-cinophagus, is a_, since the animals staple diet is not crabs, but krill.（A）pseudonym（B） misnomer（C） delusion（D）digression二、Reading Comprehension20 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational mod
15、el of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition“ to
16、 manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, ho
17、wever, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior manage
18、rs use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experi
19、ence that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!“ experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the f
20、ormal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis
21、and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking“ is inseparable from acting. Since man
22、agers often “know“ what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation
23、 and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete under
24、standing of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.21 According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to_.（A）speed up the creation of a solution to a
25、problem（B） identify a problem（C） bring together disparate facts（D）stipulate clear goals22 The passage suggests which of the following about the “writers on management“ mentioned in Paragraph 2?（A）They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.（B） Th
26、ey have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.（C） They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.（D）They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.23 Which of the following best
27、exemplifies “an Aha! experience“ in paragraph three as it is presented in the passage?（A）A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.（B） A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncha
28、racteristic ways to solve a problem.（C） A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.（D）A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.24 According to the passage, the class
29、ical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT_.（A）creation of possible solutions to a problem（B） establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decision（C） action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem（D）comparison of the probable effects of differ
30、ent solutions to a problem25 The passage provides support for which of the following statements?（A）Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.（B） Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.（C） Managers intu
31、ition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.（D）Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.25 For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect,
32、 have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an
33、adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDLs from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDLs remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDLs than normal individuals. How, scientists
34、 wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slowdown in the removal of LDLs from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying protein?Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia was severely
35、limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that
36、had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of
37、 familial hypercholesterolemia in humans.Prior to the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDLs are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) , which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The trigl
38、ycerides are removed from the VLDLs by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remna
39、nts go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDLs. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are nece
40、ssary to prevent oversynthesis of LDLs from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal removal of LDLs from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familia
41、l hypercholesterolemia.26 In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with_.（A）presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling evidence in support of it（B） raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answer（C） showing that a certain genetically caused disease can
42、be treated effectively with drugs（D）explaining what causes the genetic mutation that leads to heart disease27 Which of the following questions does the passage supply information to answer?（A）Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?（B） How did scientists discover that LDLs are secreted
43、 from the liver in the form of a precursor?（C） Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?（D）Which body tissues produce triglycerides?28 According to the passage, by studying the Watanabe rabbits scientists learned that_.（A）VLDL remnants are removed from the blood by LDL receptors in the liver（B）
44、LDLs are secreted from the liver in the form of precursors called VLDLs（C） VLDL remnant particles contain small amounts of cholesterol（D）LDL receptors remove LDLs from the blood29 The development of drug treatments for some forms of familial hypercholesterolemia is regarded by the author as_.（A）high
45、ly probable（B） interesting, but too costly to be practical（C） promising, but many years off（D）extremely unlikely30 In which of the following ways does the passage imply that Watanabe rabbits differ from normal rabbits?（A）Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.（B） The blood o
46、f Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.（C） Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissues than do normal rabbits.（D）Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of VLDLs than do normal rabbits.30 David Maraniss choked up when he saw the two-minute Chrysler advertise
47、ment during the Super Bowl, the annual football extravaganza, with its images of smokestacks, ice skaters and Diego Riveras “Detroit Industry“ murals. Suddenly he realized how much he still cared for his birthplace, where he spent the first six and a half years of his life. So much so that he decide
48、d to write his 12th book about the city, when it was at the peak of its economic, political and cultural power. He picked the early 1960s, from the autumn of 1962 to the spring of 1964.At the time Detroit was the economic engine of America. In January 1963 Life magazine published a story under the h
49、eadline “Glow from Detroit Spreads Everywhere“. The factories of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and American Motors were firing on all cylinders. The increase in women drivers, the trend towards two-car families, the rising income of the post-war baby boomers and the promise of foreign markets inspired tremendous optimism for the industrys growth. The annual motor show was the biggest and most important event of its kind, the Academ
