1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷 83 及答案与解析一、Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the
2、center.1 The former governor withdrew from political life and as _he was soon forgotten.（A）an end（B） a result（C） an outcome（D）an event2 Scarcely _such an exciting football match.（A）have I ever seen（B） I have ever seen（C） saw I（D）I saw3 With the gradual improvement of transportation and communication
3、s, farmers have now had easier _to cities and towns.（A）access（B） reach（C） approach（D）touch4 It was in the name of freedom _Kennedy led his country deeper into its cruel, hopeless war in Vietnam.（A）when（B） as（C） while（D）that5 Corruption in the running of the citys largest bank was _in Peoples Daily y
4、esterday.（A）detected（B） detested（C） exposed（D）discovered6 _, we went out for a swim in the lake.（A）The day being hot（B） It was hot（C） It is hot（D）The day was not7 The software is a popular tool in business, where it _and simplifies such procedures as budgeting.（A）puts on（B） puts forward（C） takes aft
5、er（D）speeds up8 Most people have come to realize that it is about time the government _further measures to control the population.（A）must take（B） is taking（C） takes（D）took9 Your first contact with an employer will be either to apply for a known job opening or to find out if any jobs are_.（A）opened（B
6、） hired（C） available（D）variable10 It has been estimated that the earths surface temperature has increased _one quarter to three fourths of a degree since 1850.（A）by（B） at（C） to（D）with二、Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or u
7、nfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.10 It is hard to track the blue whale, the oceans largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial
8、whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale f
9、or 33 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navys formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and p
10、artly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发 ) for the first time and that
11、they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, diffe
12、rent layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patients chest to a doctors ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can of
13、ten travel thousands of miles.11 The passage is chiefly about _.（A）an effort to protect an endangered marine species（B） the civilian use of a military detection system （C） the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon（D）a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales12 The underwater listening sy
14、stem was originally designed _.（A）to trace and locate enemy vessels（B） to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions（C） to study the movement of ocean currents（D）to replace the global radio communications network13 The deep-sea listening system makes use of _.（A）the sophisticated technology of focusing sou
15、nds under water（B） the capability of sound to travel at high speed（C） the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound（D）low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water14 It can be inferred from the passage that _.（A）new radio devices should be developed for tracki
16、ng the endangered blue whales（B） blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system（C） opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology（D）military technology has great potential in civilian use15 Which of the following is true
17、about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?（A）It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.（B） It has been replaced by a more advanced system.（C） It became useless to the military after the cold war.（D）It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.15 President Coolidges statement,
18、 “The business of America is business,“ still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans
19、 view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the mea
20、ns by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete agains
21、t each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A con
22、trast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many
23、Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity.Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person r
24、egardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的 ) idea of inherited priv
25、ilege.16 The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means “_“.（A）The business institutions in America are concerned with（B） Business problems are of great importance to the American government（C） Business is of primary concern to Americans（D）America is a great power in world busine
26、ss17 Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _.（A）when given equality of opportunity（B） through doing business（C） by protecting their individual freedom（D）by way of competition18 Who can benefit from business competition?（A）Honest businessmen（B） Both businessmen and their
27、customers（C） People with ideals of equality and freedom（D）Both business institutions and government19 Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by _.（A）its absolute control of power（B） its function in preserving personal freedom（C） its role in prot
28、ecting basic American values（D）its democratic way of exercising leadership20 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _.（A）Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries（B） in many countries success often depends on ones social status（C） American businesses are more
29、democratic than those in other countries（D）businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America20 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities
30、 to kin (亲戚 ) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviousness“ is not tree. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of
31、your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties wi
32、thin small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share simila
33、r interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of
34、smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple li
35、ving next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling,
36、 drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular p
37、olitical groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.21 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（A）Two contrasting views are presented.（B） An argument is ex
38、amined and possible solutions given.（C） Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.（D）A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.22 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _.（A）did n
39、ot have the same interests as their neighbors（B） could not develop lone-standing relationships（C） tended to be associated with bad behavior（D）usually had more friends23 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors _.（A）disrupt peoples natural relations（B） ma
40、ke them worry about crime（C） cause them not to show concern for one another（D）cause them to be suspicious of each other24 It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, _.（A）the better its quality of life（B） the more similar its interests（C） the more tolerant and open-minded it
41、is（D）the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress25 What is the passage mainly about?（A）Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.（B） Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.（C） The positive role that
42、 urbanism plays in modern life.（D）The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.25 According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)“than at any time in the 17 years of t
43、he poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life“. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, socia
44、l service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her firs
45、t year on the job-even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these othe
46、r contributions-be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who wen
47、t on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no j0b. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which sh
48、ows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be ab
49、out.26 According to the authors observation, college students _.（A）have never been so materialistic as today（B） have never been so interested in the arts（C） have never been so financially well off as today（D）have never attached so much importance to mutual sense27 The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.（A）the influences of their instructors（B） the financial goals they seek in life（C） their own interpretations of th
