1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 14 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 “Nanny“ , “tyrant“these were among the charges hurled at Michael Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, when he proposed a ban on big fizzy-drink bottles last May.
2、 The billionaire shrugged and pushed forward. However even Mr Bloomberg must heed a court order. The American Beverage Association, which represents Coca-Cola and other soda companies, has sued. Mr Bloombergs ban is due to start on March 12th, but a judge may intervene.Three years after Michelle Oba
3、ma launched her Lets Move! campaign, the fight against childhood obesity faces a tactical problem. Recent years have been dipping obesity rates in a few places, including New York, Mississippi and Philadelphia. But 17% of American children are still obese. The question is how to speed up progress. F
4、urther bans look increasingly unlikely.Voluntary programs remain politically much easier. Mrs Obama has exhorted firms to take action. Many companies have. On March 6th the Partnership for a Healthier America, a business group, published a report praising its members for putting more grocers in poor
5、 areas and healthier foods at restaurants. Sixteen food and beverage companies have promised to slash a combined 1. 5 trillion calories from their products by 2015. Their first progress report is due in June. The long-term effect of these efforts may be slim. For example, even if the food and drink
6、firms keep their promise, they would cut just 14 calories from the average Americans daily diet.Regulations might bring bigger change, but recent years suggest that such rules will come slowly, if at all. Congress did pass a law requiring healthier school lunches, though its effects are limited. Oth
7、er attempts at national regulation have stalled. Four federal agencies studied voluntary guidelines to limit junk-food advertisements to children. Under pressure from Congress, the agencies dropped the effort. Obamacare requires that all restaurants and cinemas post the number of calories in their f
8、oods. The Food and Drug Administration proposed a rule for menus in 2011 , but has yet to finalise the regulation.Cities and states are more likely to act than Congress(hardly a high bar), but they face their own challenges. Last year the beverage lobby spent more than $ 2. 8m to defeat a soda tax i
9、n the small city of Richmond, California. Even Mr Bloomberg, the anti-obesity crusades most fervent warrior, can only do so much.1 We know from the first paragraph that Michael Bloomberg is_.（A）a director of a soda company（B） a judge of the New York City（C） an advocate of big fizzy-drink bottles（D）a
10、n enthusiast of banning junk food and drinks2 Michelle Obamas Lets Move! campaign aims at_.（A）fighting against the problem of obesity（B） solving the problem of high divorce rate（C） handling the problem of children obesity（D）addressing the problem of racial discrimination3 We learn from Paragraph 3 t
11、hat_.（A）many firms have answered Mrs Obamas call（B） Partnership for a Healthier America is a political organization（C） the efforts of the food and drink companies may seem effective in the long term（D）sixteen food and drink companies have cut down 1.5 trillion calories from their products4 Four fede
12、ral agencies dropped their efforts because of_.（A）the pressure from the public（B） the pressure from Congress（C） the requirement from Obamacare（D）the Food and Drug Administration5 We can infer from the last paragraph that_.（A）there is no soda tax in the city of Richmond（B） cities and states are less
13、likely to take action（C） cities and states face less challenges than Congress（D）Mr Bloomberg helps to cancel soda tax in Richmond5 Most people would not pay two cents for something worth one. But Americas government spent $ 116m last year doing just that. The money-losing purchase was money itself;
14、the penny, which has cost more than a cent to produce since 2006, due mainly to the price of zinc, the coins primary ingredient.Steel is not much better, as Canada has learned. The government there recently ditched its steel-based penny. American politicians, while loth to take lessons from their no
15、rthern neighbours, may have noticed. In an online forum on February 14th Barack Obama intimated that the penny was no longer change he believes in.Fifty years ago a handful of pennies would buy a hamburger at McDonalds, but inflation means the coin wont even get you one French fry today. Relegated t
16、o jars and lost behind cushions, the penny is failing to perform its primary function; to facilitate commerce. Vending machines and parking meters dont accept it. Penny scourges note that fiddling with them adds some two seconds to each transaction, costing the economy many millions of dollars a yea
17、r.Penny lovers and zinc-industry lobbyists counter that the coins demise would cost consumers, as merchants would round prices up to the nearest nickel. Some economists disagree, suggesting that shop keepers might in fact round down in order to avoid moving from a price of, say, $ 9. 99 to $ 10. Ame
18、ricans anyway seem willing to accept a fee for penny removal, as evidenced by the self-imposed cost of leaving them idle and the success of coin-counting machines, which take a cut when turning them into bills.Other countries have eliminated low-value coins with less-than-dire results, and indeed, s
19、o has America. In 1857 it ditched the half-cent, then worth nearly as much in real terms as todays dime. This has led some to suggest killing the nickel, which costs about ten cents to make, as well as the penny.6 By saying “Most people would not pay two cents for something worth one“ , the author i
20、ntends to_.（A）interpret the meaning of this sentence（B） explain American governments unreasonable act（C） show the increase of price of zinc, the coins main ingredient（D）introduce the topic of money-losing purchase of penny-making7 According to Paragraph 2, which one is true?（A）American government ha
21、s abandoned penny recently.（B） Obama believed that penny was too expensive to make.（C） The price of steel is rising but many countries still use it.（D）Canadian government is reluctant to learn from America.8 The pennys primary function is to_.（A）boost economy（B） prevent inflation（C） improve currency
22、 exchange（D）buy a hamburger at McDonalds9 Penny lovers and zinc-industry lobbyists oppose that_.（A）customers can not bargain any more（B） merchants would round the prices down（C） coins disappearance would cost consumers（D）coins demise would cost shopkeepers a lot10 Some people suggest to cancel penny
23、 because _.（A）it costs ten cents to make a penny（B） other countries have abandoned coins（C） it will bring numerous benefits to do so（D）America canceled the half-cent in history10 The question facing Swiss voters on March 3rd was called the “peoples initiative against fat-cat pay“. With a billing lik
24、e that, who wouldnt vote yes? As it happened, 68% of the electorate did, passing a measure that requires listed companies to offer shareholders a binding vote on senior managers pay and appointments at each annual general meeting. The penalty for bosses who fail to comply is up to three years in jai
25、l or the forfeit of up to six years salary. Switzerlands penchant for direct democracy has trumped its tolerance for tycoons.Swiss business is shaken. It had backed a “counter-initiative“ giving shareholders more voting powers without threatening criminal sanction. That was rejected by voters. The n
26、ew law, which will be written into the constitution, endangers Switzerland as an investment destination, the business lobby claims. Economiesuisse, the Swiss Business Federation, now accepts the popular verdict but warns that such complex and highly charged changes must be implemented carefully. The
27、 laws needed to put the vote into practice will take ten years to write, some cynics suggest.The initiative is the brainchild of Thomas Minder, who runs his familys toiletries business. He has apparently never forgiven Swissair for backing out of a contract when it nearly went bankrupt 12 years ago
28、and then awarding its former boss a big pay-off. Mr Minders campaign gained momentum last month on news that Novartis, a Swiss drug firm, intended to pay its departing chairman, Daniel Vasella, a severance package of SFr72m($ 76m). Mr Vasella later refused the package.After Mr Minders victory it wil
29、l become harder to extend such corporate generosity. Some of the new restrictions seem sensible. Shareholder votes on executive pay, hitherto ad hoc and advisory, will become routine and binding. Pension funds will be required to vote in the interests of their members and make their votes public. Bo
30、ard members will not be permitted to have consulting or other contracts with firms in the same group.But other provisions are more burdensome. The law will ban incentives that can be useful, such as “golden hellos“ and severance packages for board members. It will also bar them from accepting reward
31、s for buying or selling company divisions.11 The underlined phrase “fat-cat pay“(Para 1 , Line 1)refers to_.（A）the payment for a fat cat（B） senior executives salaries（C） shareholders high salaries（D）governors invisible incomes12 What can be implied from the second paragraph?（A）Swiss has accepted the
32、 public accusation.（B） Swiss has given voters more voting powers.（C） It will take a decade to write a law in Swiss.（D）Switzerland used to be an investment destination.13 According to the text, Thomas Minder_.（A）is a mental worker who has a child（B） has gained compensation from Novartis（C） runs his o
33、wn business concerning cosmetic（D）works for a Swiss pharmaceutical company14 The new bindings include all EXCEPT that_.（A）stakeholder determines managers salary through voting（B） members of board are banned from making internal deal（C） board members are not allowed to contact with other companies（D）
34、the amount of retirement money should be voted and announced15 The authors attitude towards new rules and restrictions seems to be_.（A）objective（B） supportive（C） contradictory（D）suspicious15 Two years ago Japan was struck by a strong earthquake that triggered a disastrous tsunami. Now comes a soberi
35、ng account of the human and environmental toll. Gretel Ehrlich, an American writer, flew to the north-east coast of the island of Honshu three months after the quake. A student of Japanese poetry and Buddhist philosophy, she was drawn to “ meet those who faced the wave and survived“ . Readers of her
36、 book can witness the devastation through keen eyes.This stretch of coastline was described by a 17th-century poet, Basho, as the most beautiful spot in Japan. In June 2011 it was “a plain of chaos, a monstrous picture that no eye, no painting could truly capture“. Roving the 1,300 kilometres(800 mi
37、les)of shattered coast, Ms Ehrlich seeks out survivors and relays their stories. Pervasive are reports on the radiation spewing from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, reflections on human suffering and resilience, and a series of dreadful facts.More than 28,700 people died in Japan;
38、 thousands more went missing. The tsunami wave rose 38 metres(124 feet), washing away entire towns. The reactor meltdown caused “the worst maritime contamination disaster in recorded history“. The energy released was 600m times that of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.“Three sorrows; quake, tsunami, me
39、ltdown“, encapsulates the disaster. Ms Ehrlich does not provide a comprehensive reckoning, but a set of stories. The tsunami is retold as it happens through a blog updated as a fisherman races out to sea, uploading observations from his mobile phone. Months later, corpses still surface. One mother h
40、as rented an industrial digger and ceaselessly explores the river channel searching for her child. “The sea floor is covered in debris,“ an old fisherman says. “If you go trolling for flatfish, you might pull out a dead friend. “16 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）Honshu lies to
41、the north-east of Japan（B） the earthquake was caused by the tsunami（C） an American writer wrote a book about the disaster（D）many people have witnessed the devastation through their own eyes17 We know from the second paragraph that_.（A）the stretch of coastline was once beautiful（B） the coastline can
42、not be seen by human eyes now（C） Ms Ehrlich walked 1,300 kilometres to seek survivors（D）Basho wrote down the stories of the survivors of the disaster18 Which of the following is NOT the dreadful fact caused by the tsunami?（A）Thousands of people went missing.（B） A bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.（C） Th
43、e tsunami wave washed away the whole towns.（D）The reactor meltdown caused the worst ocean pollution.19 The triple calamities include all EXCEPT_.（A）earthshock（B） nuclear leakage（C） seismic sea wave（D）maritime contamination20 What can we learn from the last sentence?（A）It is not suitable to go fishin
44、g.（B） Many corpses are still floating in the sea.（C） Some flatfish are as big as human beings.（D）Some bodies have been eaten by the fish.考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 14 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】
45、D【试题解析】 该段首句提到:Michael Bloomberg，New Yorks mayor，when he proposed a ban onbig fizzydrink bottles last May由此可知Michael Bloomberg 是纽约市长，同时也提倡禁止大瓶装汽水饮料。选项A“汽水企业的主管”纯属无中生有。选项B“纽约市法官”是对于最后一句 but a judge may intervene 的曲解。选项C“大瓶汽水饮料的提倡者”与原文的 ban onbig fizzydrink bottles 完全颠倒，故错误。而选项D“禁止垃圾食品和饮品的热心倡导者”符合原文的
46、ban on big fizzy-drink bottles，故最后一项正确。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题简单。根据题干中的 Michelle Obamas Lets Move!Campaign这几个关键词定位到第二段的首句：Three years after Michelle Obama launched her Lets Move!campaign，thefight against childhood obesity faces a tactical problem可见答案是 childhood obesity，即选项 C中的 children obesity。
47、而选项A提到的问题为 obesity(肥胖问题) ，而非原文提到的 childhoodobesity(儿童肥胖问题)，故选项A 答案过于笼统。而选项 B中的 divorce rate 和选项D中的 racial discrimination 在原文都未被提及，故错误。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据选项A定位到第三段第二、三两句： Mrs Obama has exhorted firms to take actionMany companies have意为：奥巴马夫人呼吁企业采取行动，许多企业照办了。即许多企业响应了奥巴马夫人的号召，即选项A是正确的。根据选项B中的
48、Partnership for aHealthier America 定位到第三段第四句：On March 6th the Partnership for a Healthier America，abusiness group该句明确提到 Partnership for a Healthier America 是一个商业组织，而非政治组织，故选项B错误。根据选项C定位到原文倒数第三行：The longterm effect of these ef-forts may be slim其中提到：这些努力的长远效果是不显著的。其中slim 一词与该项的 effective 意思是相反的，故该项错误。
49、选项D错在 have cut down，原文提到：Sixteen food and beverage companies have promised to slash a combined 15 trillion calories from their products by2015其中 by 2015 是关键，这与该项中的 have cut down 不符，故该项错误。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题简单。根据 Four federal agencies 定位到第四段的中间：Under pressure fromCongress，the agencies dropped the effort可见答案是选项Bthe pressure from Congress。而选项A是无中生有。选项C 和D两项中的Obamacare 和 the Food and Drug Administration 在原文中都
