1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 35（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farm
2、s and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of 1 , crime, poverty and moral 2 Their distrust was caused, 3 , by a national ideology that 4 fanning the greatest occupation and rural living 5 to urban living. This attitude 6 even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became a
3、n essential 7 of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands 8 the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people 9 from the countryside , they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new u
4、rbanities already convinced that cities were 10 with great problems; eagerly 11 the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the 12 of the city.One of many reforms came 13 the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were u-sually operated by 14 governments, but the gas an
5、d electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would 15 exorbitant (过度的 ) rates for these essential services and 16 them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by 17 the utility companies, but a number of
6、 cities began to supply these services themselves. 18 of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would 19 widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a 20 price.（A）eruption（B） corruption（C） interruption（D）provocation（A）disgrace（B） deterioration（C） dishonor（D）degradation（A）by
7、 origin（B） in part（C） at all（D）at random（A）proclaimed（B） exclaimed（C） claimed（D）reclaim（A）superb（B） super（C） exceptional（D）superior（A）predominated（B） dominated（C） commanded（D）prevailed（A）feature（B） peculiarity（C） quality（D）attribute（A）deserted（B） departed（C） abolished（D）abandoned（A）reallocated（B） mi
8、grated（C） replaced（D）substituted（A）overwhelmed（B） overflowed（C） overtaken（D）preoccupied（A）embraced（B） adopted（C） hugged（D）contained（A）chaos（B） chores（C） chorus（D）outbreaks（A）at（B） by（C） out（D）in（A）public（B） municipal（C） republican（D）national（A）charge（B） take（C） cost（D）spend（A）distribute（B） deliver（C
9、） transfer（D）transport（A）degenerating（B） generating（C） regenerating（D）regulating（A）Proponents（B） Opponents（C） Sponsors（D）Rivals（A）secure（B） ensure（C） reassure（D）incur（A）fair（B） just（C） square（D）objectivePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
10、 A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 The right to a trial by jury is a fundamental part of the United States legal system. It is a right firmly rooted in our democratic tradition. The jury system provides a buffer between the complex and often inflexible legal system and the average citizen on trial. The ri
11、ght to be judged by a jury is a right that most Americans feel very strongly about. However, due to recent jury decisions, some critics are questioning the value of this institution.Our jury system is by no means flawless. It is subject to constant scrutiny and debate concerning its merit and its do
12、wnfalls. As is true in all institutions, juries are capable of making mistakes. Psychological studies have been done on many aspects of jury behavior. Political scientists are also intrigued by juries and the manner in which they arrive at important decisions. Although most Americans believe in the
13、jury system, there has been considerable controversy surrounding it lately. The public has become even more concerned about this institution recently. The outcomes of the Rodney King, the O.J. Simpson, and the Menendez brothers trials in Los Angeles and the dissatisfaction that followed the jurys de
14、cisions are three examples of instances when the effectiveness of the jury system has come under fierce attack. From the public reaction to these decisions and others like them, it is very clear that the way in which juries reach their decisions is often as important to the American people as it is
15、to the specific person on trial. Many people feel that the average jurist is not equipped to make the kinds of decisions they are faced with. These critics suggestions range from restructuring the system up to tally eliminating it.Most average Americans, I believe, feel that the right to a jury tria
16、l is a fundamental one, and its guarantees should be honored. These people would argue that laws are inflexible. They cannot deal with the individual circumstances in each case, but juries can take these into account. Still others believe that juries are favorable because they reflect the morals and
17、 values of the community they come from. Indeed, many proponents of the jury support the system because of a particular kind of jury bias, the tendency for jurors, to place justice above the law.Opponents of the system argue that juries are uneducated in legal procedures and should not be given the
18、type of responsibility they have traditionally had. These people also argue that juries are biased. In fact, the psychological literature provides many examples of this bias. Jurors are less likely to punish a sad or distressed defendant, as opposed to a joyful one, apparently because the defendant
19、is already being punished emotionally. Some opponents say that although juries are instructed not to pay attention to the media, they are more easily influenced by the news than judges. Critics of the jury system also point out that juries are expensive and are often unable to reach an agreement. Th
20、ey argue that the decision making should be left up to the people who know the law, judges and lawyers.In between these two extremes are those people who agree with the jury system as a whole, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its effectiveness. These people suggest that j
21、uries receive instruction prior to hearing testimony. They argue that this would improve the system by providing some working legal knowledge for the jury as well as giving them an idea of what they are to listen for. Research has shown that exposing jurors to the laws involved in their decision mak
22、ing resulted in significantly fewer verdicts of guilty. This finding suggests that lawyers and judges should have the responsibility of insuring that the jury is adequately informed of the legal issues at hand and the laws available to handle those issues.On the whole, though, I feel that the Americ
23、an guarantee of trial by jury is a valuable one. I do feel, however, that in order to improve its utility, judges and lawyers need to accept the responsibility for educating the jury on relevant legal issues.21 Some critics are questioning the value of the jury system probably because_.（A）the jury s
24、ystem is unnecessarily complex and rigid（B） recent jury decisions are made against the democratic tradition（C） there is constant debate about its merit and its downfalls（D）Some juries.have made mistakes recently22 Opponents of the jury system accuse jurors of_.（A）placing justice above the law（B） kno
25、wing nothing about the psychology of the accused（C） not having enough knowledge of the law（D）failing to consider individual circumstances of each crime23 To which of the arguments does the author agree? _.（A）The jury system is flawed beyond remedy（B） Some improvements should be made on the jury syst
26、em（C） The jury system should be kept as it is（D）The jury should be composed of judges and lawyers24 It can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that_.（A）the author is against the jury system（B） the jury is seldom adequately informed about the ease he is hearing（C） better educated people should be se
27、lected for the jury（D）enough legal knowledge helps jurors make fairer decisions25 The authors attitude towards the jury system is_.（A）neutral（B） biased（C） negative（D）positive25 The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing. I could ever have imagined for me or my chil
28、dren. We are living in an environmental crisis, an air-pollution emergency of severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dangerous game with your health.As parents, what terrorizes us most are reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per
29、minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourselves? Our pediatricians(儿科医师的) medical recommendation was simple- abandon the city permanently. We are foreigners and we are among the small minority that can afford to leave. We are here because of my husbands work. We are fascinated by Mexicoits
30、 history and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much longer the fear we feel for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing.But for millions, there is no choice. Their lives, their jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexic
31、ans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire families work in the streets and practically live there. It is a familiar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing ex
32、haust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation; we wont be here long enough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray.And yet the government cannot do what it must to end this problem. For any country, especially a developing Third World economy lik
33、e Mexicos, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary billions on public transportation is simply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measuresprohibiting some more cars from circulating,
34、 stopping some factories from producingthat even its own officials concede arent adequate.The word “ emergency“ implies the unusual. But when daily life itself is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change, or to mislead ourselves i
35、nto believing we can adapt.26 According to the passage, people in Mexico City are faced with_.（A）serious air pollution（B） economic crisis（C） unemployment（D）natural disaster27 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Kids are in fewer dangers than grown-ups in Mexico City
36、.（B） The author is a native Mexican.（C） The authors husband is a pediatrician.（D）The Mexican history and culture appeal to the author.28 The word “hawk“ (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means_.（A）sell（B） transport（C） place（D）deliver29 The Mexican government takes half measures to solve the pollution
37、problem because_.（A）Mexican economy depends very much on cars and factories（B） it is not wise enough to come up with effective measures（C） Mexicans are able to adapt themselves to the current emergency（D）Mexicans enjoy playing dangerous games with their health30 The purpose of the passage is to_.（A）
38、describe the harmful air pollution（B） explain the way to prevent air pollution（C） show the worries about the air pollution（D）recommend a method to avoid air pollution30 Globally, recovery is going slightly better than expected, according to the IMF, which released its latest World Economic Outlook t
39、oday. After shrinking by 0.6% last year, the global economy is likely to expand by 4.2% in 2010, 0.3% faster than the IMF projected in January. But economic performances will continue to vary widely around the world. Much of the upward revision to global growth can be attributed to a better outlook
40、for the American economy. The IMF revised its forecast for American economic expansion in 2010 up 0.4%, to 3.1%. There was no change, by contrast, for the euro area, which already faced a poorer growth outlook. The Euro area economy may only grow by 1% in 2010 and 1.5% in 2011. And much of the job o
41、f expansion will be handled by Germany and France, while southern European growth continues to lag. Spains economy will continue to shrink in 2010. But the outlook is brightening for many emerging economies, including those in central and eastern Europe, for which growth forecasts were revised up by
42、 0.8%. Developing Asia is enjoying a strong recovery, and the IMF indicated that both India and Brazil are likely to perform much better this year than initially anticipated, notching (赢得) growth rates of 8.8% and 5.5%, respectively. The report suggested that planned stimulus measures for 2010 shoul
43、d be fully implemented, given the fragility of recovery, but it also noted that sovereign debt worries will become more severe as the year progresses. Debt issues are likely to prove especially problematic in Europe, which has the highest debt ratios and the slowest expected growth rates. The stress
44、ed southern European nations are in a damned-if-they-do-damned-if-they-dont position. If little action is taken on debt, rising debt costs will choke of an already weak recovery. If aggressive action is taken, the blow to aggregate demand will likewise undermine growth. Around the world, trade and p
45、roduction have recovered strongly, but employment remains well below prerecession levels in most countries. Labour market weakness is helping to keep inflation expectations in check; the IMF forecasts consumer price increases in developed nations of 1.5% in 2010 and 1.4% in 2011. But the return to s
46、trong growth is boosting commodity prices once more. Oil prices may increase by 30% in 2010, said the IMF, a rise 7% larger than projected in January. The overall picture is of a remarkable turnaround in global fortunes, given the depth of the recession. The years performance is much better than man
47、y would have dared to hope early last year. But in parts of Europe, the future is somewhat less certain, and because that uncertain future could lead to sovereign debt crises that could potentially rattle financial markets, world leaders should remain vigilant. 31 According to the first paragraph, w
48、hat is the situation of the world economy?（A）The recovery of global economy is slower than expected.（B） Global economy is recovering somewhat better than expected.（C） Economy in Euro area will not grow any more in the future.（D）American economy faces a poorer growth outlook. 32 The economic performa
49、nce around the world will _.（A）be in the same rate（B） all develop rapidly（C） be various in different areas（D）not be upward 33 The main economic problem of Southern European nations is _.（A）fragility of recovery（B） unemployment（C） debt issues（D）decrease of productivity 34 By saying “damned-if-they-do-damned-if-they-dont“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3), the author means_.（A）the situation will become worse no matter what they will do（B） southern European nations will take actions to solve the problem（C） the situation will
