1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 54 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to (1)_ others to buy the food
2、they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (2)_.But in the 19th century the mass production of goods (3)_ the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (4)_ the development of the highway made person-to-person se
3、lling (5)_ slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, (6)_ radio and television, made mass selling through (7)_ possible.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (8)_ to take the action the advertiser is recommen
4、ding. The action (9)_ be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or (10)_ to join the Army.Advertising as a (11)_ developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (12)_. In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded
5、55 billion dollars, or (13)_ 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product (14)_ advertising.(15)_ advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it (16)_ benefits for the consumer (17)_. Some of those economies are passe
6、d along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (18)_ than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising (19)_ people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising (20)_ for the programs on commerci
7、al television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.（A）request（B） oblige（C） affect（D）persuade（A）transfer（B） secure（C） enjoy（D）perform（A）resulting from（B） dealing with（C） leading to（D）going for（A）followed（B） preceded（C） achieved（D）induced（A）so（B） too（C）
8、 very（D）more（A）second（B） and（C） then（D）later（A）marketing（B） advertising（C） salespeople（D）agents（A）profits（B） benefits（C） interests（D）gains（A）should（B） would（C） may（D）will（A）though（B） otherwise（C） still（D）even（A）business（B） service（C） product（D）profession（A）amount（B） extent（C） possibility（D）utility（A
9、）similarly（B） supposedly（C） approximately（D）accountably（A）with（B） at（C） into（D）on（A）While（B） Therefore（C） But（D）If（A）induces（B） reduces（C） produces（D）introduces（A）as well（B） as usual（C） as a result（D）as a rule（A）more（B） less（C） cheaper（D）dearer（A）takes（B） brings（C） gives（D）delivers（A）works（B） calls（
10、C） looks（D）paysPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Prices are sky high, with profits to match. But looking further ahead, the industry faces wrenching change, says an expert of energy.“The time when we could co
11、unt on cheap oil and even cheaper natural gas is clearly ending. That was the gloomy forecast delivered in February by Dave OReilly, the chairman of Chevron Texaco, to hundreds of oilmen gathered for a conference in Houston. The following month, Venezuelas President Hugo Chavez gleefully echoed the
12、sentiment: “The world should forget about cheap oil.“The surge in oil prices, from $10 a barrel in 1998 to above $50 in early 2005, has prompted talk of a new era of sustained higher prices. But whenever a “new era“ in oil is hailed, scepticism is in order. After all, this is essentially a cyclical
13、business in which prices habitually yo-yo. Even so, an unusually loud chorus is now joining Messrs OReilly and Chavez, pointing to intriguing evidence of a new “price floor“ of $30 or perhaps even $40. Confusingly, though, there are also signs that high oil prices may be caused by a speculative bubb
14、le that could burst quite suddenly. To see which camp is right, two questions need answering: why did the oil price soar? And what could keep it high?To make matters more complicated, there is in fact no such thing as a single “oil price“: rather, there are dozens of varieties of crude trading at di
15、fferent prices. When newspapers write about oil prices, they usually mean one of two reference crudes: Brent from the North Sea, or West Texas Intermediate (WTI). But when ministers from the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC discuss prices, they usually refer to a basket of hea
16、vier cartel crudes, which trade at a discount to WTI and Brent. All oil prices mentioned in this survey are per barrel of WTI.The recent volatility in prices is only one of several challenges facing the oil industry. Although at first sight Big Oil seems to be in rude health, posting record profits,
17、 this survey will argue that the western oil majors will have their work cut out to cope with the rise of resource nationalism, which threatens to choke off access to new oil reserves. This is essential to replace their existing reserves, which are rapidly declining. They will also have to respond t
18、o efforts by governments to deal with oils serious environmental and geopolitical side-effects. Together, these challenges could yet wipe out the oil majors.21 Dave OReilly and Hugo Chavez believe that（A）prices of oil and natural gas are very high.（B） prices of oil and natural gas will not go down.（
19、C） oil and natural gas will keep sustained high prices.（D）the world has forgotten about cheap oil.22 According to some loud chorus, the oil price in the new era will be as low as（A）about $10 a barrel.（B） nearly $30 a barrel.（C） $3040 a barrel.（D）$50 a barrel.23 According to the passage, “West Texas
20、Intermediate“ (Paragraph 4) refers to（A）an oil industry.（B） an oil company.（C） a government organization.（D）a kind of crude oil.24 What is the key to oil price in the authors opinion?（A）Energy crisis.（B） Dozens of varieties of crude trading.（C） Several challenges facing the oil industry.（D）The rise
21、of resource nationalism.25 What is the tone of the passage?（A）Humorous.（B） Indifferent.（C） Serious.（D）Anxious.26 If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspec
22、t an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses.Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massi
23、ve class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The Suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the governme
24、nt divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing,
25、 logging, mining and oil drillingbut it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners.In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 50
26、0,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from gove
27、rnment lawyers, filed the suit.Gale Norton, George Bushs interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trust-fund records
28、 were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed.And that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she s
29、uggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be get
30、ting sorted out.26 What is implied but not stated in the first sentence is that American Indians（A）expressed their gratitude for their lawyers.（B） won a victory by use of legal weapons.（C） have lost confidence in their government.（D）came to believe the public opinion polls.27 It seems that the autho
31、r is most critical of the governments（A）irresponsibility.（B） interference.（C） bureaucracy.（D）inequality.28 When mentioning “parcels of 80 to 160 acres“, the writer is talking about（A）oil prospectors.（B） trust payments.（C） private property.（D）land ownership.29 What is the attitude of American Indians
32、 towards Gale Nortons proposal?（A）Skeptical.（B） Scornful.（C） Annoyed.（D）Indifferent.30 Which of the following is TRUE according the text?（A）Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.（B） Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.（C） BIA deliberately leaves tr
33、ust-fund records vulnerable to risks.（D）American Indians should become increasingly vocal for justice.30 Do your children lie to you and their friends about their activities online? Do they feel empty, depressed and irritable when not at the computer? Do they have problems with school or work, yet t
34、hey always seem to feel energized again when they are at the computers surfing the internet? If you answered “yes“ to one or even more of the above questions, your children are suffering from internet addiction. The amount of time kids spend online is a source of headaches for many parents. At first
35、, parents welcomed the Internet into their homes, believing they were opening up an exciting new world of educational opportunities for their children. But soon, to their disappointment, instead of using the Internet for homework or research, their kids were spending hours instant chatting with frie
36、nds, playing online games or even talking to strangers in chat rooms, which is posing real dangers to the children.Maintaining a healthy balance between entertainment media and other activities in childrens lives has always been a challenge for parents. The Internet has made this challenge even more
37、 difficult. The engaging nature of Internet communications and interactive games means many children and teens have trouble controlling the time they spent online.Unfortunately, parents and teachers do not realize that there is a problem until it becomes serious. To make it worse, Internet addiction
38、 is not widely recognized by the medical community. (Mental health practitioners continue to debate whether this behavior is an “addiction,“ with some preferring to identify it as “behavior control problems. Children and young people can easily become “hooked“ on online activities such as multi-user
39、 games, instant messaging with their pals and chat rooms. The children most easily influenced, according to the Computer-Addiction Services at Harvard Medical School, are those who are “lonely and bored or from families where nobody is at home to relate to after school.“Children who are unpopular or
40、 shy with peers are often attracted to the opportunities for creating new identities in online communities. Boys, in particular, are frequent users of online role-playing games, where they have new identities and interact with other players. Although playing these games with thousands of other users
41、 may appear to be a social activity, for the troubled child or teen, too much playing can further separate them from friends and peers.31 Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the activities children doing online that are giving parents headaches?（A）Sending and receiving messages wit
42、h their friends.（B） Causing dangers to the computers with viruses.（C） Chatting with people they dont know in chat rooms.（D）Playing internet games with their computers.32 What is the “challenge“ the author is talking about in paragraph 2?（A）Children tend to have too much entertainment activities.（B）
43、Internet communications and interactive games are absorbing too much time and energy of the children.（C） The children planed their time and activities in a horrible way.（D）To arrange the media entertainment and other activities in a reasonable way.33 What seems to make the situation of internet addi
44、ction worse?（A）Parents and teachers failure to be aware of this problem.（B） Medical hasnt advanced in such a way to treat the problem of internet addiction.（C） Behavior control problems do not include internet addiction at current clinics and hospitals.（D）Some doctors tend to exclude internet addict
45、ion from the “addiction“ lists.34 Who seem to be the group of children that are more easily to get addicted with internet?（A）Children who are popular among a lot of friends, because they need to communicate with them even when they are online.（B） Children who come from big families since they can ge
46、t the attention they desire but fail to get from real life.（C） Children who are not welcome among peers since online communication and games can satisfy their needs in a way real life can not.（D）Children who like to play basketball, football and other sports activities since online game can make all
47、 these more fascinating.35 What group of people is this passage intended to talk to?（A）Parents of troubled children.（B） Troubled children.（C） Medical practitioners.（D）Computer and online games designers.36 The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for ho
48、w medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect“, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa g
49、ood one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give pa
