1、考研英语模拟试卷 54及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1)_ about the future. These reminis
2、cences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2)_ is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old persons recollections of the past help to (3)_ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4)_ any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5)_ to the future, the indi
3、vidual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6)_ living. (7)_, the memories form part of a continuing life (8)_, in which the old person (9)_ the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10)_ on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life. As t
4、he life cycle (11)_ to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12)_ this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13)_ subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14)_ As adults many of us find th
5、e topic frightening and are (15)_ to think about it and certainly not to talk about it (16)_ the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17)_ only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18)_ the idea of death. It is t
6、he very fact that death remains (19)_ our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20)_ is so. （ A） better than （ B） rather than （ C） less than （ D） other than （ A） so （ B） even （ C） nor （ D） hardly （ A） preserve （ B） conserve （ C） resume （ D） assume （ A） performing （ B） playing
7、（ C） undertaking （ D） lacking （ A） orientation （ B） implication （ C） succession （ D） presentation （ A） worthy （ B） worth （ C） worthless （ D） worthwhile （ A） In a word （ B） In brief （ C） In addition （ D） In particular （ A） prospect （ B） impetus （ C） impression （ D） review （ A） integrates （ B） incorpo
8、rates （ C） includes （ D） interacts （ A） reckons （ B） counts （ C） reflects （ D） conceives （ A） keeps （ B） draws （ C） inclines （ D） tends （ A） Therefore （ B） And （ C） Yet （ D） Otherwise （ A） taboo （ B） dispute （ C） contempt （ D） neglect （ A） notorious （ B） indecent （ C） obscure （ D） desperate （ A） rea
9、dy （ B） willing （ C） liable （ D） reluctant （ A） at （ B） on （ C） with （ D） in （ A） status （ B） circumstance （ C） environment （ D） priority （ A） encounter （ B） confront （ C） tolerate （ D） expose （ A） under （ B） above （ C） beyond （ D） within （ A） which （ B） what （ C） as （ D） that Part A Directions: Rea
10、d the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure
11、. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection“, said Sir Richard Doll, a
12、n internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the in
13、fection“. Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children a
14、round the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers
15、 of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population m
16、ixing“, Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified inf
17、ection through population mixing resulted in the disease. 21 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection? （ A） Leo Kinlen （ B） Richard Doll （ C） Louise Parker （ D） Heather Dickinson 22 Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new finding
18、s? （ A） Radiation has contributed to the disease. （ B） Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster. （ D） Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection. 23 Accordi
19、ng to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors. （ B） Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia. （ D） Children born in a large town are at
20、 higher risk of leukaemia. 24 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_. （ A） medical journal （ B） research institute （ C） private company （ D） governmental agency 25 This passage is mainly about_. （ A） the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part （ B） the kind o
21、f infection that causes childhood leukaemia （ C） the causes of childhood leukaemia （ D） a new finding by British scientists 26 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and scien
22、ces dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of unde
23、rstanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself
24、 was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying th
25、e results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the
26、imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far f
27、rom shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its
28、own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 26 The most important advances made by mankind come from_. （ A） apparently useles
29、s information （ B） the natural sciences （ C） philosophy （ D） technical applications 27 The author does not include among the science the study of_. （ A） Astronomy （ B） Literature （ C） Chemistry （ D） Economics 28 In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss_. （ A） u
30、nforeseen discoveries （ B） philosophy （ C） the value of pure research （ D） the value of technical research 29 The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section_. （ A） were unaware of the value of their studies （ B） were mathematicians （ C） resigned （ D） were interested in navigation 30
31、 The practical scientist_. （ A） is a philosopher （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows the value of what he will discover （ D） knows that the world exists 31 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high
32、 unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditio
33、ns in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples wo
34、rk has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as i
35、ts history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destro
36、yed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived.
37、 Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical go
38、al of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. 31 What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls? （ A） New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures. （ B） Available employment should be restri
39、cted to a small percentage of the population. （ C） The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life. （ D） Jobs available must be distributed among more people. 32 The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and_. （ A） be prepared to fill in time by taking up ho
40、usework （ B） set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn cab employ others （ C） create more factories in order to increase our productivity （ D） be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work 33 The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that_.
41、 （ A） economic freedom came within everyones reach （ B） patterns of work were fundamentally changed （ C） to survive, everyone had to find a job （ D） universal employment guaranteed prosperity 34 As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries, _. （ A） people were not adequately compensa
42、ted for the loss of their land （ B） people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim land （ C） people were badly paid for the work they managed to find （ D） people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves 35 According to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） Peop
43、le should start to Support themselves by learning a practical skill. （ B） The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility. （ C） We should help people to get full-time jobs; （ D） We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment. 36 Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk ab
44、out how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxe
45、s. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, “Denmark is a great country“. Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care,
46、retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Acade
47、my to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little“, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a l
48、evel gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation o
49、f overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere“. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners out of Denmark!“), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunke
