1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 63 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious bluepr
2、ints (1)_ the construction of ideal states, such as (2)_ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected (3)_ valueless, intellectual exercises like Platos Republic, in (4)_ the relationship of the individual to the state was (5)_ out painstakingly without reference to
3、(6)_ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Ciceros De Re Publica, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in (7)_. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8)_ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was (9)_ to have received
4、authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the “guarantor“ of Rome. All constitutional (10)_ was a method of conferring and administering the (11)_. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12)_, the family heads who formed the original senate, (13)_ the religious charact
5、er necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14)_ the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved (15)_ to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16)_ months, and later extending its possession to low
6、er officials. (17)_ the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18)_ authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19)_ the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous (20)_, as new offices and assemblies were created a
7、nd almost none discarded.（A）with（B） for（C） in（D）to（A）tempted（B） attracted（C） appealed（D）transferred（A）on（B） for（C） as（D）about（A）which（B） that（C） what（D）it（A）turned（B） worked（C） brought（D）made（A）special（B） specific（C） peculiar（D）particular（A）existence（B） store（C） reality（D）mind（A）abandoned（B） caught（
8、C） separated（D）involved（A）told（B） held（C） suggested（D）advised（A）tendency（B） procedure（C） development（D）relation（A）authority（B） power（C） control（D）ruling（A）officers（B） men（C） administrators（D）fathers（A）possessed（B） claimed（C） assured（D）enforced（A）confirm（B） confer（C） Consult（D）consider（A）over（B） alon
9、g（C） On（D）about（A）alternate（B） different（C） varied（D）several（A）And（B） So（C） Or（D）But（A）state（B） country（C） people（D）national（A）as（B） when（C） if（D）so（A）dimension（B） complexity（C） exercise（D）functionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
10、 C or D. (40 points)20 Terry Bradshaw had a lot to feel good about during the early 1990s. He had won four Super Bowls. He gained a spot in pro-footballs Hall of Fame the first year he was eligible. And when he retired from football as a player in 1984, he made the jump to the broadcast side. His ch
11、eerful and direct style earned him popularity among viewers and a collection of Emmy Awards. Yet the excess of success left Bradshaw oddly joyless. Each Super Bowl victory left him dreading the prospect that he would fall short the next season. And as he amassed more cars, land and horses, he took l
12、ess and less pleasure in them. And through it all, Bradshaw now recalls, “ I didnt consider remotely that 1 might be depressed.Life is, of course full of pain, sadness and frustration and toughness is often an appropriate response. But theres a difference between being tough and settling for a life
13、of what Thoreau described as “quiet desperation“. Getting help with depression is as consistent with masculine ambitions as an exercise program or a solid financial plan. Talk therapy can help you with problem solving and teach you to manage painful feelings constructively, and there are now more th
14、an a dozen effective antidepressants. Dont assume that taking one of these drugs is somehow a failure. Life events may help push us into depression , but the condition itself has a biological basis, and targeting the physiological causes is often the surest way to alleviate it. Changing your biology
15、 through sheer courage is like running a marathon with a broken leg. In fact, most people who respond to antidepressants feel more like themselves not less.When Bradshaws third marriage dissolved five years ago, he took the leap and got enormous relief from an antidepressant. “ Its the hardest thing
16、 Ive ever done, “ he says. “ but my whole life has changed. I like my life now. “He runs a horse business, spends time with his two teenagers and remains both a popular sports analyst and a sought-after motivational speaker.Not every man can win a Super Bowl, but most can beat depression if theyre b
17、rave enough to seek help. The stigma remains, and cant be wished away. But stigma causes much less harm than depression does, and treatment can make life much more worth living. The National Institute of Mental Health has launched a campaign to counter the negative typecasting of depressed men. NIMH
18、 experts make clear confronting depression is not about admitting weakness or defeat. More often, its about restoring your mood and reclaiming simple pleasures. Bradshaw, when asked what he enjoys now that his depression is treated, told me. “ Eating peanuts. “Now thats manhood. 21 Why did Terry Bra
19、dshaws success leave him joyless?（A）Because he has become too tired of playing football（B） Because he is afraid that his popularity is going down.（C） Because his real interest is in broadcasting instead of sports.（D）Because he fears that failure might arrive in coming games.22 According to the autho
20、r, getting help with depression _.（A）is a very good exercise program for males（B） helps people to make better financial plans（C） is a display of ones weakness or defeat（D）has nothing to do with the pursuit of success23 Antidepressant might be effective in countering depression in that_.（A）unhealthy
21、physical conditions leads to psychological conditions（B） the drug has been specially designed for the depressed（C） taking the drug gives the depressed some psychological relief（D）the drug contains some chemical elements that make people excited24 The metaphor of “running a marathon with a broken leg
22、“ is used to show that_.（A）the more you run the more exhausted you will be（B） taking drugs on a long term basis will only worsen the problem（C） treating depression takes a long time just like a marathon（D）pure determination might not produce long term effect25 The authors purpose of writing the text
23、 is to _.（A）tell readers that life is full of pain and needs tough actions（B） persuade males to get help if they feel depressed（C） show that courage is the best remedy for depression（D）convince people of the inevitability of feeling depressed26 A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile
24、phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec, said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the chan
25、ges and their impact on the brain or the body.The study at Finlands Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.“We know that there is some biological res
26、ponse. We can detect it, with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body“, Leszczynski said.Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation,
27、raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaker/the brains protective shield against harmful substances.The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially h
28、armful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the bloodbrain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more per
29、meable, he said.“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrinknot the blood vessels but the cells themselvesand then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass“, he said.Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, b
30、ut said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort“, he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimers disease.“Where the truth is I do not know“, he
31、 said.Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.26 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect ones health?（A）Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activi
32、ties and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.（B） Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.（C） Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.（D）Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.27
33、Whats the result of the French study?（A）The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.（B） Mobile phone may affect ones normal way of thinking.（C） Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.（D）A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.28 What kind of disease co
34、uld not be caused by the use of mobile phone?（A）Fatigue.（B） Headache.（C） Alzheimers disease.（D）Tuberculosis.29 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone?（A）People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.（B） People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.（
35、C） People will continue to use mobile phone.（D）There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.30 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（A）The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect ones brain.（B） Mobile phone radiation can cause increased a
36、ctivity in hundreds of protein in human cells.（C） Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.（D）Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.31 Extrapolating from the adage “two heads are better than one“, a group of economists at the University of Iowa
37、has learned how to turn the instincts of individuals into useful predictions of the future. So far, the researchers have tested their method by predicting the outcome of such events as the American presidential election and the number of books sold on the first day of a Harry Potter re lease. Now, t
38、hey have turned their sights to influenza.The influenza in question is not the pandemic bird-flu-related sort that is currently a cause for concern but the quotidian bug that lays people low, particularly in winter. Even this disease is not trivial, it kills, for instance, about 36,000 people in Ame
39、rica and possibly as many as 12,000 people in Britain every year. If outbreaks could be predicted, patients at particular risk could be vaccinated and medical personnel redeployed in anticipation. So Philip Polgreen and his colleagues wondered if they could succeed where medical science had failed,
40、and give adequate warning of influenza outbreaks.Americas Centres for Disease Control(CDC) track influenza cases in the country as they hap pen. A week later, they release the data, in part by using a colour-coded map. The colours reflect the level of influenza activity in each state on a five-point
41、 scale, with yellow representing “no activity“ and red representing “widespread activity“.In their study, Dr. Polgreen and his colleagues gave 60 doctors and nurses based in Iowa 100 “flu dollars“ each. The participants used these to buy and sell shares coded according to the CDCs colours for a part
42、icular week in the future, based on how many cases they thought would occur in the state during that week. For example, if a physician saw three young children with flu symptoms in his office, he might sell any yellow shares he had for the following week and buy red ones. Conversely, if no one he sa
43、w seemed to have trouble with influenza, he might buy more yellow or green (sporadic activity) shares for each of the next few weeks.Over the course of the flu season from October 2004 to April 2005, 52 participants logged into the market as traders. They were able to buy and sell up to seven weeks
44、in advance. At the end of the experiment, each flu dollar was converted into a real one and given to the participants in the form of an educational grant.31 The purpose of the economists research at the University of Iowa is to（A）predict the outcome of American presidential election.（B） predict the
45、sales result of best-sellers.（C） predict future events.（D）predict diseases like influenza.32 If succeed, Philip Polgreen and his colleagues might（A）cure the bird-flu disease.（B） cure influenza.（C） give adequate help to patients.（D）anticipate the outbreaks of flu.33 If the CDCs map turns all red, it
46、means（A）they keep good record of the influenza eases.（B） Philip Polgreen and his colleagues are successful.（C） there is no cases of influenza.（D）there is a wide outbreak of influenza.34 What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?（A）The physicians are learning to invest in the stock market.（B） Th
47、e study is carried out in the form of stock investment.（C） Dr. Polgreen is experienced in stock investment.（D）All the participants are rewarded with 100 dollars.35 If most participants end up with green shares, it means（A）there will be no flu cases in the coming seven weeks.（B） there will be flu bre
48、akout in the coming seven weeks.（C） there will be some flu cases in the coming seven week.（D）the study is failed.36 In spite of “endless talk of difference“, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualne
49、ss and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere“ Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background“. This turned shopping into a public anti democratic act“. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common cu
