1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 74 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 “ If you cant say something good about someone, sit right here by me,“ Alice Roosevelt Longworth, a self-proclaimed “hedonist,“ use
2、d to say. But it seems the greater pleasure comes from more【B1】_gossip.New research finds that gossiping can be good for you【B2 】_you have something nice to say. In a presentation in September, Jennifer Cole, a social psychologist, reported results【B3】_two related studies, both of which【B4】_that its
3、 in ones self-interest to say “ So-and-sos second husband is【B5】_“ rather than “She married that idiot?“In the first study,【B6 】_to measure a persons short-term emotional【B7】_to gossiping, 140 men and women,【B8】_undergraduates, were asked to talk about a fictional person either positively or negativ
4、ely.The second study, which looked【B9】_the long-term effects of gossiping on well-being, had 160 participants, mostly female undergrads, fill out questionnaires about their【 B10】_to gossip, their self-esteem and their【B11】_social support.According to Dr. Cole, after speaking kindly of others, positi
5、ve emotions increased【B12】_three percent, negative emotions were【B13】_six percent, and self-esteem rose five percent. These are not【B14】_numbers, as Cole is the first to admit. But its【B15】_one of the few times researchers have【B16】_anything beneficial to the silly art of gossip.And there was one【B1
6、7】_positive result: whether kind or cruel, gossip was【B18】_with a greater sense of social support for the perpetuator. But does tittle-tattle really help【B19】_more friends? “ It could be that people who gossip a lot think they have social support, but they dont actually,“ Cole said, noting that prev
7、ious research shows people【B20】_to dislike and mistrust gossips.1 【B1 】（A）intimate（B） vicious（C） subordinate（D）moderate2 【B2 】（A）as far as（B） in case that（C） so long as（D）for fear that3 【B3 】（A）with（B） as（C） from（D）into4 【B4 】（A）demonstrate（B） contradict（C） recommend（D）suspect5 【B5 】（A）adorable（B） s
8、entimental（C） talkative（D）obstinate6 【B6 】（A）imagined（B） intended（C） contrasted（D）failed7 【B7 】（A）attitude（B） remark（C） consent（D）reaction8 【B8 】（A）primarily（B） eventually（C） remarkably（D）previously9 【B9 】（A）over（B） into（C） through（D）without10 【B10 】（A）response（B） taste（C） fashion（D）tendency11 【B11
9、】（A）acquired（B） expressed（C） perceived（D）compared12 【B12 】（A）to（B） by（C） with（D）about13 【B13 】（A）decreased（B） minimized（C） shrunk（D）reduced14 【B14 】（A）key（B） real（C） huge（D）noticeable15 【B15 】（A）nonetheless（B） moreover（C） consequently（D）otherwise16 【B16 】（A）linked（B） attributed（C） pointed（D）reconcil
10、ed17 【B17 】（A）repeatedly（B） supposedly（C） decidedly（D）predictably18 【B18 】（A）associated（B） collide（C） sympathize（D）acquaint19 【B19 】（A）influence（B） enlighten（C） understand（D）attract20 【B20 】（A）determine（B） tend（C） prefer（D）attemptPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions
11、below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In 1926, while filming The King of Kings, director Cecil B. DeMille moved his cast and crew to Catalina Island, off the coast of California. There, he housed everyone in tents to promote a sense of community on the project.Not everyone was happ
12、y with the tents, including H. B. Warner, the actor playing Christ. One day, in the middle of a scene, a yacht sailed into camera range. When an enraged DeMille learned that the yacht belonged to his leading man, he said, “If I thought Mr. Warner needed a yacht, Id have brought my own. Just who does
13、 he think he is?“Jesus Christ, sir,“ replied a crew member.DeMille digested this and then said, “That puts me at something of a disadvantage, doesnt it?“Mark it down as one of the very few times anyone ever got the better of Cecil B. DeMille.The superb film historian Scott Eyman includes this anecdo
14、te in his admiring and exhaustive new DeMille biography, Empire of Dreams, a life of the man who forged our idea of Hollywood. Eyman labors to unlock the contradictions in DeMilles puzzling personality, or at least to put some flesh on the legend. Good as Eyman is, its uphill all the way. DeMille wa
15、s a master showman onscreen and off. He ruled with a despots hand and a hambones instincts. Nearly all of our cliches about imperious movie directors come straight from him. Struggling to penetrate DeMilles facade, Eyman never gets much beyond establishing that the filmmaker was an autocrat on the s
16、et and a kindly man at home(though one with three mistresses). But there is almost no timeor reasonto tabulate flaws.For an unparalleled half century, DeMille was one of the most powerful, successful producer-directors in Hollywood. And yet, on contemporary lists of great directors, he often goes un
17、mentioned. His historical and biblical epics are no longer the fashion, with nothing to offer a modern audience.His fellow directors are wiser about DeMilles accomplishments. Martin Scorsese claims that only Steven Spielberg knows as much as DeMille about manipulating crowds onscreen. Better yet, De
18、Mille at his best always knew how to make a movie move. The special effects in The Ten Commandments look clunky today, but the story never flags. Every scene sets up the next, and the film holds your interest whether you like it or not. Cecil B. DeMille was a storyteller of geniusa genius without sh
19、ame, but a genius just the same. 21 The story about DeMille is intended to_.（A）make a comment of DeMille as a director（B） introduce the topic through vivid details（C） represent the character as mild and humorous（D）show DeMiles tight relation with his crew22 The sentence “its uphill all the way“(Line
20、 4, Paragraph 6)probably means_.（A）Eymans fame goes up（B） Eymans writing improves（C） its a great achievement（D）its a hard work23 Which of the following would Eyman most probably agree to?（A）DeMille was a success with complex character.（B） All the flaws of DeMille should be counted in his biography.（
21、C） DeMille was considered an odd fish in the society.（D）DeMilles personality and gift contradicted each other.24 Why does DeMille fail to count among great directors of the age?（A）His style appears weird nowadays.（B） His reputation has long been in dispute.（C） His stories may not appeal to audience
22、today.（D）His shooting technique has dropped behind.25 The last paragraph suggests that DeMilles fellow directors_.（A）mourn him for his misfortune（B） appreciate him for his capacity（C） criticize him as a shameless man（D）memorize him the same as Spielberg does25 PLUS loans are approved for some parent
23、s who cannot afford to repay them, several college financial aid officers and financially strapped parents say. They hold the view that many financially strapped and unsophisticated parents may be taking PLUS loans to help their children out now, not realizing that how much trouble awaits them if th
24、ey start missing payments.The Department of Education says it is simply awarding PLUS loans according to the rules set by Congress: Federal law “provides no authority for the Department to deny an applicant a PLUS loan based on their perceived ability to repay the loan,“ a department spokesman expla
25、ined via E-mail. Instead, parents can borrow as long as they dont have what the law calls “ adverse credit. “ That low standard only cuts off parents with serious credit problems such as a bankruptcy, lien or foreclosure in the last five years, or a bill currently more than 90 days overdue.Because n
26、o one knows how many parents are taking college loans they cant afford, there is debate over how bigor smallthe problem might be.Nancy Lynn Hoover, director of financial aid at Denison University, thinks very few parents are getting in over their heads. She said many college aid officers may have no
27、ticed a difference in approval standards this year because on July 1, the federal government took over handling of all federal college loan applications. Before that, private banks, many of which had tougher lending standards for PLUS loans, were paid by the government to process most federal colleg
28、e loan applications. “ I personally have mentored over 100 schools switch to the federal loan management system,“ Hoover says. “ If it were a situation of much magnitude, I believe I would hear it. “But even a few loans to parents who cant afford them at each of the more than 4,000 colleges in the U
29、. S. would mean financial crises for thousands of families. Last fiscal year, about 737,000 parent PLUS loans were approved, out of an estimated 1.1 million applications. If a similar number apply this coming year, and the government continues its current policy, it will likely approve 825,000 paren
30、t PLUS loans.Sarah Bauder, assistant vice president of enrollment services and financial aid at the University of Maryland, said the PLUS approval rate for parents of her students has jumped from about 80 percent to 97 percent since the switch to the federal direct lending program. She says she know
31、s at least a few of the parents who have been approved are jobless or teetering on the edge of bankruptcy. “ Look at the housing market scenario. Five to seven years down the road, were going to be in the same situation for parent loans,“ Bauder warns. 26 We can infer from the first paragraph that_.
32、（A）PLUS loans are specially designed for families in financial difficulty（B） college financial aid officers hold a cautious attitude to PLUS loans（C） the parents have doubts whether the loans can help their children out（D）unsophisticated parents may confront more financial problems27 Which of the fo
33、llowing plays a key role in approval of PLUS loans?（A）The state government.（B） The Department of Education.（C） College financial aid officers.（D）Private banks.28 According to Nancy Lynn Hoover, the difference in approval standards_.（A）has made little impact on society（B） is caused by private banks（C
34、） results in more loan applications（D）is strongly opposed by colleges29 By citing Sarah Bauders point of view, the author intends to_.（A）analyze the consequences of taking loans（B） discuss the possible development of PLUS Loans（C） exemplify peoples anxiety about PLUS Loans（D）contrast the approval ra
35、tes in the recent two years30 Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（A）Increased Applications for PLUS Loans（B） Loose Approval Standards of PLUS Loans（C） Different Views on PLUS Loans（D）PLUS Loans Facing Hidden Problems30 Whats the first thing you do when you burn or cut one of
36、your hands? You might think the answer is that you put it under a faucet or wrap a towel around it. But thats actually not the first thing you do. The first thing is reflexive, unthinkingsomething your ancestors could have done in the wild: you grasp the hurt hand with the other one. We have known a
37、t least since the 1960s that this kind of self-touch actually reduces pain. If you try to keep your other hand away, you will hurt a lot more. Its not just the pressure you apply. Pain is reduced far more when its your own hand, not anyone elses.Now a new study shows that self-touch also minimizes m
38、ore complex kinds of pain. In their experiment, the authors, a team led by Marjolein Kammers, used self-touch to reduce a complicated physical sensation called central pain.Central pain is also the major player in the carnival-like experiment called the thermal grill illusion. In the thermal grill i
39、llusion, you are made to touch a very warm objectsay, a heated-but-not-scorching grill and then, immediately afterward, a cool object such as a room-temperature grill. Quite reliably, your brain will fool you into believing the second object is extremely hot, even though nothing has happened to your
40、 flesh. The first grill wasnt hot enough to burn, and the second is actually cool. But your brain is confused: thats central pain. Even though the thermal grill illusion was first written about in the 19th century, neurologists have never been able to understand precisely how it works and whether it
41、 could be used in treating pain.Kammers team replicated the thermal grill illusion using water. Her participants immersed their index and ring fingers in 39-degree-Celsius water. Their middle fingers were put in 14-degree-Celsius water. In this condition, the two middle fingers felt much hotter than
42、 they did when the four index and ring fingers were immersed in neutral water.But Kammers added a new twist to the thermal grill illusion: after their fingers felt the thermal-grill sensation, she asked participants to press the fingers of their two hands together. When they did so, their middle fin
43、gers hurt a lot less than when they touched someone elses hand.Kammers and her team struggled to explain the findings. Something is surely happening in a brain region called the somatosensory cortex, but psychological responses are also involved. Its all a bit vague. Still, the findings suggest that
44、 the body and brain have instinctive ways of healing that we could come to understand one day and then magnify. 31 Researcher have found out in the 1960s that_.（A）cuts on the hand shouldnt be wrapped around with towel（B） our ancestors had already known the function of self-touch（C） pressing the cuts
45、 with your own hand can relieve the pain（D）you should do what you first think of when endangered32 Which of the following is TRUE of central pain?（A）Its caused by the confusion of the brain.（B） It usually happens in some experiments.（C） It can be verified by the thermal grill illusion.（D）It can be f
46、elt when you touch cool objects.33 What does the underlined “it“(Line 7, Paragraph 3)probably refer to?（A）The brain.（B） Their understanding.（C） Central pain.（D）Thermal grill illusion.34 It is suggested by Kammers new study that_.（A）self-touch may help to ease the thermal-grill sensation（B） water is
47、more suitable to use in the sensation experiment（C） the thermal grill illusion is just a psychological response（D）middle fingers are probably more sensitive to central pain35 The author would probably assess Kammers research as_.（A）epoch-making（B） meaningless（C） confusing（D）enlightening35 A Londoner
48、 with an urge for giant African land snails could do worse than head to the bustling marketplace in Brixton, home to many people from Africa. A desire for freshwater fish in New Delhi is best satisfied by haggling for the freshest rohu with fishmongers in Chittaranjan Park, the heart of the citys fi
49、sh-loving Bengali community. Markets that serve migrants are not just great for gourmands. They are also testament to the fact that people often retain very strong preferences for the kinds of food they grew up eating.Past research has shown that people are often willing to pay much more for a favored brand than for seemingly identical alternatives. And the new study finds a clever way t
