1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 114 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 What impact can mobile phones have on their users health? Many individuals are concerned about the supposed ill effects caused by
2、radiation from handsets and base stations,【C1】_ the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more【C2】_ Indeed, a systematic review【C3】_ by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London , gathers【C4】_ of the use of
3、 text-messaging in the 【C5】_ of health care. These uses【C6】_ three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by【C7】_ text-messaging into treatment regimes.Using texting to【C8】_ efficiency is not profound science, but big savings can be achieved. Several【C9】 _
4、 carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders【C10】_ the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39% , and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes were【C11 】_ nationally, this would translate【C12】_ annual savings of 256-364 m
5、illion.Text messages can also be a good way to deliver public-health information, particularly to groups【C13】_ are hard to reach by other means. Text messages have been used in India to【C14 】_ people about the World Health Organizations strategy to control tuberculosis(肺结核) . In Iraq, text messages
6、were used to support a【C15】_ to immunize nearly 5 million children【C16】_ polio(小儿麻痹症).【C17 】_ , there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to【C18】 _ their medicine, or to encourage compliance with exercise regimes or efforts to sto
7、p smoking. However, Dr. Rifat notes that the evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally【C19】_ . More quantitative research is【C20】_ which is why his team also published three papers this week looking at the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail.1 【C1 】（A）so（B） even（C） d
8、espite（D）and2 【C2 】（A）interesting（B） abundant（C） clear（D）reasonable3 【C3 】（A）went（B） came（C） performed（D）turned4 【C4 】（A）approaches（B） situations（C） problems（D）examples5 【C5 】（A）reality（B） reorganization（C） delivery（D）discovery6 【C6 】（A）fall into（B） sum up（C） associate with（D）subject to7 【C7 】（A）coo
9、perating（B） incorporating（C） coordinating（D）adopting8 【C8 】（A）rise（B） boost（C） produce（D）encourage9 【C9 】（A）questions（B） incidents（C） cases（D）trials10 【C10 】（A）reduces（B） degrades（C） deserves（D）rises11 【C11 】（A）called on（B） switched to（C） carried out（D）went through12 【C12 】（A）into（B） for（C） on（D）fro
10、m13 【C13 】（A）those（B） whose（C） which（D）who14 【C14 】（A）ask（B） inform（C） adopt（D）contact15 【C15 】（A）campaign（B） event（C） decision（D）communication16 【C16 】（A）off（B） with（C） against（D）in17 【C17 】（A）Finally（B） However（C） Usually（D）Obviously18 【C18 】（A）buy（B） receive（C） get（D）take19 【C19 】（A）unscientific（
11、B） real（C） unconfirmed（D）legal20 【C20 】（A）gained（B） acquired（C） needed（D）givenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Boys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them
12、 in activities such as art, dance and music.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, a US study says.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get inv
13、olved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the “boy code“ of hiding their emotions to be a “real man“.The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Ton
14、y Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed sch
15、ools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys
16、 author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically “boy-focused“ approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically m
17、ore active, they need to be given “hands-on“ lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre(类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes,“ James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys woul
18、d feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be “masterful and in charge“ in relationships. “In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,“ the study reported.21 The author believes that a single-sex school
19、would_.（A）force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man“（B） help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys（C） encourage boys to express their emotions more freely（D）naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a man22 It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys_.（A）perform r
20、elatively better（B） grow up more healthily（C） behave more responsibly（D）receive a better education23 What does Tony Little say about the British education system?（A）It fails more boys than girls academically.（B） It focuses more on mixed school education.（C） It fails to give boys the attention they n
21、eed.（D）It places more pressure on boys than on girls.24 According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is_.（A）teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys（B） boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted（C） boys can choose to learn whatever they ar
22、e interested in（D）teaching can be designed to promote boys team spirit25 Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James report?（A）They enjoy being in charge.（B） They conform to stereotypes.（C） They have sharper vision.（D）They are violent and sexist.25 Whos poor in Americ
23、a? Thats a question hard to answer. Hard because theres no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behaviorbad work habits, family breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck:
24、accidents, job losses, disability.Despite povertys messiness, weve measured progress against it by a single statistic: the federal poverty line. By this measure, we havent made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.First, it ignores immigration. Many immigran
25、ts are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007, about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人) mostly immigrants and their children.Second, the poors material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this b
26、y counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, theyve participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had microwaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.The existing pove
27、rty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administrations proposal for a “supplemental poverty measure“ in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statis
28、tic is tailored to favor a political agenda.The “supplemental measure“ ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher than todays poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious; peo
29、ple get richer, but “poverty“ stays stuck.What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automat
30、ically poor if theyre a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.The new indicator is a “propaganda device“ to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bureau has estimated statistics similar to the administrations proposal.
31、 In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13. 2%; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration is defining poverty up. Its reasonable to debate how much we should aid
32、 the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.26 What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Poverty is very often de
33、fined as a state of mind.（B） Poverty is a problem hard to tackle in America.（C） Bad work habits and bad luck lead to poverty.（D）There is no consensus on the concept of poverty.27 What does the author say about the poor in America?（A）Their living standards have actually improved.（B） Most of them are
34、immigrants and their descendants.（C） Their chances of rising above the poverty line are slim.（D）Most of them rely on government subsidies for survival.28 What does the author think of the administrations proposal for a “supplemental poverty measure“?（A）It is intended to further help the poor.（B） It
35、is made to serve political purposes.（C） It is a positive response to changed circumstances.（D）It is an attempt to combat the economic recession.29 What is characteristic of the new measure of poverty?（A）It defines poverty by the gap between the rich and the poor.（B） It raises the threshold for the p
36、oor to get welfare benefits.（C） It is more accurate and scientific in terms of statistics.（D）It truly reflects the practical needs of the poor.30 What does the author want to say by quoting Daniel Moynihan?（A）Economic equality is but an empty dream.（B） Political neutrality can never be achieved.（C）
37、The administrations statistics are biased.（D）The debate over poverty will get nowhere.30 Youve now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to consume more; they need believe it o
38、r not to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.And its all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the econo
39、mic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy reasons. As weve seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but also their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest (脆弱的)
40、 of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence(谨慎)for centuries. There is no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates
41、 a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality(节俭 ) ? Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a countrys long-term financial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment,
42、which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obamas Budget Director, rec
43、ently called the U.S. budget deficits unsustainable and hes right. To date, the U.S. has seemed unable to see the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. Chinas leaders might gently hint that Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar whic
44、h has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that Americas debt load is becoming unmanageable.Thats what happens when youre the worlds biggest creditor; you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were
45、 ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly talks about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldnt have to worr
46、y about all that.31 How did the economic crisis affect Americans?（A）They had to tighten their belts.（B） Their bank savings rate dropped to zero.（C） Their leadership in the global economy was shaken.（D）They became concerned about Chinas financial policy.32 What should be done to encourage Chinese peo
47、ple to consume?（A）Changing their traditional way of life.（B） Providing fewer incentives for saving.（C） Improving Chinas social security system.（D）Cutting down the expenses on child-rearing.33 What does the author mean by saying “savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest“ (Para. 4)?（A）The
48、more one saves, the more returns one will reap.（B） A countrys economy hinges on its savings policy.（C） Those who keep saving will live an easy life in the end.（D）A healthy savings rate promotes economic prosperity.34 In what circumstances do currency traders become scared?（A）When Beijing allows its
49、currency exchange rates to float.（B） When China starts to reduce its current foreign reserves.（C） When China talks about switching its dollar reserves to other currencies.（D）When Beijing mentions in public the huge debts America owes China.35 What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?（A）To urge the American government to cut deficits.（B） To encourage Chinese people to spend more.（C） To tell Americans not t
