1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 117 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75 000 lives,【C1】_ 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs
2、or homes. 【C2 】_ overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed【C3】_ the region, tended by international aid organizations, military【C4】_ and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set【C5 】_ .Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the【C6 】_ of spring, the refugees wil
3、l be moved again. Camps that【C7】_ health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were【C8】_ intended to be permanent.For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings【C9】_ emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of【C10】_ many as 10 people
4、have had to shelter【C11 】_ a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing【C12】_ with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,“ officials say. “They are【C13】_ of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start【C14】_ again.“ But most will be returning t
5、o 【C15 】_ but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical【C16】_ have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers【C17】_ that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took【C18】_. And for the thousands of survivors, the【C19】_ will never be complete.Yet the survivors have to start somewhere
6、. New homes can be built【C20】_ the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again.1 【C1 】（A）injured（B） ruined（C） destroyed（D）damaged2 【C2 】（A）Altogether（B） Almost（C） Scarcely（D）Surely3 【C3 】（A）among（B） above（C） amid（D）across4 【C4 】（A）ranks（B） equipment（C）
7、 personnel（D）installations5 【C5 】（A）out（B） in（C） on（D）forth6 【C6 】（A）falling（B） emergence（C） arrival（D）appearing7 【C7 】（A）strengthened（B） aided（C） transferred（D）provided8 【C8 】（A）never（B） once（C） ever（D）yet9 【C9 】（A）puzzled（B） contrasted（C） doubled（D）mixed10 【C10 】（A）like（B） as（C） so（D）too11 【C11 】（
8、A）by（B） below（C） under（D）with12 【C12 】（A）facilities（B） instruments（C） implements（D）appliances13 【C13 】（A）seeking（B） dreaming（C） longing（D）searching14 【C14 】（A）producing（B） cultivating（C） farming（D）nourishing15 【C15 】（A）anything（B） something（C） everything（D）nothing16 【C16 】（A）lines（B） channels（C） pat
9、hs（D）currents17 【C17 】（A）account（B） measure（C） estimate（D）evaluate18 【C18 】（A）aside（B） away（C） up（D）out19 【C19 】（A）reservation（B） retreat（C） replacement（D）recovery20 【C20 】（A）from（B） through（C） upon（D）ontoPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosi
10、ng A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website youve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, its likel
11、y some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen the 21st century equivalent of being caught
12、 naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that its important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are
13、and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.The key question is; Does that matter?For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no.“When opinion polls ask Americans about pri
14、vacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.“But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behav
15、iors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will
16、surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠卷).But privacy does matter at least sometimes. Its like health: When you have it, you dont notice it. Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.21 What does the a
17、uthor mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked“ (Lines 3-4, Para.2)?（A）Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.（B） In the 21st century people try every means to look into others secrets.（C） People tend to be more frank with each other in the i
18、nformation age.（D）Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.22 What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?（A）Friends should open their hearts to each other.（B） Friends should always be faithful to each other.（C） There should be a distance even between
19、 friends.（D）There should be fewer disputes between friends.23 Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret“ (Line5, Para. 3)?（A）Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.（B） People leave traces around when using modern technology.（C） There are alway
20、s people who are curious about others affairs.（D）Many search engines profit by revealing peoples identities.24 What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?（A）They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.（B） They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.（C） They
21、 rely more and more on electronic devices.（D）They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.25 According to the passage, privacy is like health in that_.（A）people will make every effort to keep it（B） its importance is rarely understood（C） it is something that can easily be lost（D）people dont cheris
22、h it until they lose it 25 Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agricultu
23、re, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Mediev
24、al agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分) captured in the
25、 product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habita
26、t (栖息地) loss and to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agricultu
27、re in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also nee
28、d to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and c
29、ons(正反两方面) of all the various ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to th
30、e UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.26 How do peopl
31、e often measure progress in agriculture?（A）By its productivity.（B） By its sustainability.（C） By its impact on the environment.（D）By its contribution to economic growth.27 Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in_.（A）localized pollution（B） the shrinking of farmland（C） competi
32、tion from overseas（D）the decrease of biodiversity28 What does the author think of traditional farming practices?（A）They have remained the same over the centuries.（B） They have not kept pace with population growth.（C） They are not necessarily sustainable.（D）They are environmentally friendly.29 What w
33、ill agriculture be like in the 21st century?（A）It will go through radical changes.（B） It will supply more animal products.（C） It will abandon traditional farming practices.（D）It will cause zero damage to the environment.30 What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?（A）To remind people of th
34、e need of sustainable development.（B） To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.（C） To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.（D）To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.30 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built t
35、he Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated (使着迷) with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “ great game“ of espionagespying as a “profession“. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pas
36、times as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to
37、 a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks(间谍) call it “open-source intelligence“ , and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia comp
38、any called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (cover
39、ing nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribut
40、ion, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,“ says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well he
41、ar back from some of them.“ Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military -intelligence backgrounds. He
42、sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.31 The emergence of the
43、 Net has_.（A）received support from fans like Donovan（B） remolded the intelligence services（C） restored many common pastimes（D）revived spying as a profession32 Donovans story is mentioned in the text to_.（A）introduce the topic of online spying（B） show how he fought for the U.S.（C） give an episode of
44、the information war（D）honor his unique services to the CIA33 The phrase “making the biggest splash“ (Para. 3) most probably means_.（A）causing the biggest trouble（B） exerting the greatest effort（C） achieving the greatest success（D）enjoying the widest popularity34 It can be learned from paragraph 4 th
45、at_.（A）Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true（B） Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information（C） Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability（D）Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information35 Straitford is most proud of its_.（A）official status（B） n
46、onconformist image（C） efficient staff（D）military background35 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $ 10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices ca
47、lls up scary (可怕的) memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled (成四倍) and 19791980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given ano
48、ther push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s.
49、 In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted (温和的 ) effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensit
