1、考研英语模拟试卷 117及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The kids who grew up on “Star Trek“ cant find (1)_ way around Earth. Americans can (2)_ direct to England, but only half can find (
2、3)_ on a map of Europe. They can fly almost (4)_ in the United States for a few hundred dollars, but they put New York State in 37 places on both coasts. When they look for the United States (5)_, they (6)_ it in China, Australia, Brazil, Russia, India and Botswana. For people who are supposed to be
3、 leaders of the (7)_ world, Americans are (8)_ dumb, according to a survey conducted for the National Geographic Society. In many school (9)_, geography has been mixed with history (10)_ melted down into social studies. Social studies has been processed into“ teacher resource packages “and (11)_ of
4、good writing, excitement, color and any ideas that arent simplistic; too (12)_ and too deadening to hold students attention. In the last few years, evidence of America s educational (13)_ has prompted hundreds of studies, generated baskets (14)_ legislation and moved parents into advocacy groups. Bu
5、t theres (15)_ to show that the trend has been (16)_. NO matter (17)_ you try, you cant make it seem (18)_ that many Americans say pandas come from Panama, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Vietnam or (19)_ Iraq, and Columbus was trying to get to Europe when he bumped into (20)_. （ A） its （ B） t
6、he （ C） their （ D） a （ A） write （ B） fly （ C） dial （ D） drive （ A） them （ B） him （ C） out （ D） it （ A） somewhere （ B） anywhere （ C） anytime （ D） everywhere （ A） itself （ B） themselves （ C） for themselves （ D） by itself （ A） mark （ B） spot （ C） recognize （ D） find （ A） tough （ B） free （ C） cruel （ D）
7、 real （ A） geographically （ B） especially （ C） somewhat （ D） extremely （ A） schemes （ B） systems （ C） organisms （ D） subjects （ A） and （ B） or （ C） which （ D） while （ A） dreamed （ B） Consisted （ C） cheated （ D） robbed （ A） dark （ B） bright （ C） yellow （ D） gray （ A） priority （ B） inferiority （ C） sh
8、ort backs （ D） controversy （ A） full of （ B） with （ C） according to （ D） out of （ A） a little （ B） little （ C） a few （ D） few （ A） stopped （ B） followed （ C） reversed （ D） appreciated （ A） how （ B） if （ C） whether （ D） dont （ A） comic （ B） funny （ C） laughable （ D） ludicrous （ A） may be （ B） on the
9、contrary （ C） instead （ D） maybe （ A） the Pacific （ B） Spain （ C） the Atlantic （ D） America Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Karim Nasser Miran lives on a bench in the Charles de Gaulle Airport on the outs
10、kirts of Paris. He has been living there for 11 years. Amazingly, this little seat by a basement shopping mall, between a pizzeria and a fast-food stand has been the only place he has been allowed to stay for all that time. His possessions are crammed into an airport trolleys, which is always beside
11、 him. He has a sports bag which holds his few clothes, a shopping bag with his washing soap and other bathroom goods, and books and his diaries which he keeps in cardboard boxes. For years, the 54-year-old Miran has been trying to leave Charles de Gaulle Airport but authorities will not let him out
12、of the air port. This strange set of circumstances has continued for 11 years. Miran was born in Iran, but is stateless because he has no documents to prove his citizenry. They have been lost. For this reason he cannot get a passport. Miran says that his mother is Danish or Scottish. His father died
13、 when Miran was just over 20 years old, so he left I ran for Britain searching for his mother. He could not find her, and returned to Iran. He lost his citizenship and tried to return to Britain. When the British asked him about relatives who could guarantee him a job, he could not tell the immigrat
14、ion officials their names as he was still searching for,.them. He tried to enter Germany, Russia and Holland without success. He managed to get into Belgium where he wasgiven refugee status. Five years later he left for France, but he says the document which gave him refugee status, and the right to
15、 travel, was stolen from him. He could not leave the Charles de Gaulle Airport. This;vas in 1988. Eleven years later he was still searching for them. To start with, friendly airport workers gave him free meals, and let him use the shower and toilets there. They even gave him access to a phone, and c
16、alled the airport doctor when Miran did not feel well. Miran became such a permanent fixture of Terminal One that all the workers started to call him Monsieur Alfred. Each day they greeted him, each day Miran wrote in his diary in order to keep trace of his own world, and each day he failed to relea
17、se himself from his giant, glass-and-concrete prison. But in 1999, Miran became confident that he might be able to leave the airport terminal and start a new life. Officials told him they finally located a key document, issued in 1981 but lost in 1988, which could be his ticket to freedom. Even afte
18、r eleven years in the airport terminal, Miran said he had not lost hope. He did a correspondence course to help to educate himself. Every day the airport post office carefully set aside all the mail addressed to him with his written lessons to be done. Every day he set, all alarm clock to ring at 7
19、a.m. and after his tea and food he would begin studying. The ambition he built up was to return to Brussels to do a degree. 21 The Charles de Gaulle Airport is located _. （ A） in the outlying district of Paris （ B） in the center of Paris （ C） far from Paris （ D） near Paris 22 Why Miran was not allow
20、ed to leave the Charles de Gaulle Airport? （ A） Because he is an Iranian. （ B） Because he has no citizenship of France. （ C） Because he is stateless, （ D） Because he is a refugee. 23 Which of the following countries has Miran not been to? （ A） France. （ B） Belgium. （ C） Germany. （ D） England. 24 Whi
21、ch of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） The airport workers treated him friendly at first, but became indifferent later. （ B） The officials finally found the lost document which could prove Mirans state of refugee. （ C） Miran tried hard to release himself from the airpo
22、rt but there was no possibility to leave. （ D） Miran was allowed to leave the airport in 1999 and he started a new life since then. 25 Where would Miran probably go if he could leave the airport? （ A） He would probably go back to Iran. （ B） He would probably stay in France. （ C） He would probably he
23、ad for England. （ D） He would probably go to Belgium. 26 As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth-century North American colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it. Only a few silversmiths were available in New York or Boston in the late seventeenth century, bu
24、t in the eighteenth-century they could be found in all major colonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths prestige. They handled the most expensive material and passed direct connections to prosperous colonial merchants. Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, refl
25、ected their exalted status and testified to their customers prominence. Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time before neighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made, silver articles were readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifi
26、cations, they always carried the silversmiths distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved. Customers generally secured the silver for the silver objects they ordered. They saved coins, took them to smiths, and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied w
27、ith these requests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a stronger alloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to the appropriate thickness by hand, shaped them, and pressed designs into them for adornment. Engraving was also done
28、 by hand. In addition to plates and bowls, some customers sought more intricate products, such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting pans separately and then soldering them together. Colonial coppersmithing also came of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern
29、 cities. Coppers ability to conduct heat efficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it was expensive in colonial America, coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copper worked by smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recycling old copper go
30、ods. Copper was used for practical items, but it was not admired for its beauty. Coppersmiths employed it to fashion pots and kettles for the home. They shaped it in much the same manner as silver or melted it in a foundry with lead or tin. They also mixed it with zinc to make brass for maritime and
31、 scientific instruments. 26 According to the passage, which of the following eighteenth-century developments had a strong impact on silversmiths? （ A） A decrease in the cost of silver. （ B） The invention of heat efficient furnaces. （ C） The growing economic prosperity of colonial merchants. （ D） The
32、 development of new tools used to shape silver. 27 In colonial America, where did silversmiths usually obtain the material to make silver articles? （ A） From their own mines. （ B） From importers. （ C） From other silversmiths. （ D） From customers. 28 The passage mentions all of the following as uses
33、for copper in colonial America EXCEPT _. （ A） cooking pots （ B） scientific instruments （ C） musical instruments （ D） maritime instruments 29 According to the passage, silversmiths and coppersmiths in colonial America were similar in which of the following ways? （ A） The amount of social prestige the
34、y had. （ B） The way they shaped the metal they worked with. （ C） The cost of the goods they made. （ D） The practicality of the goods they made. 30 Based on the information in paragraph 4, which of the following was probably true about copper in the colonies? （ A） The copper used by colonists was not
35、 effective in conducting heat. （ B） The copper items created by colonial coppersmiths were not skillfully made. （ C） There were no local copper mines from which copper could be obtained. （ D） The price of copper suddenly decreased. 31 Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in deman
36、d for luxury goods and service that took place in eighteenth century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firms remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferations of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and childrens toys and books. While the fact
37、of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the flint of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods a
38、nd services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far clown
39、the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth century. English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inr
40、oads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have
41、 pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumptions stimulated by competition for status. The “middling sort“ bought goods and services because they wante
42、d to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the
43、 frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What for example does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have
44、to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the
45、 conclusion of re cent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world. 31 In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to _. （ A） contrast their views on the subject
46、of luxury consumerism in eighteenth century England （ B） indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to eighteenth century English history （ C） give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in eighteenth century England （ D） support the contenti
47、on that key questions about eighteenth century consumerism remain to be answered 32 According to the passage, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth century England, which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism? （ A） Enthusiasm. （ B） Hostility. （ C） Ambivalence. （ D）
48、Stubbornness. 33 In the third paragraph, the author use the example of laboring people tending to drink standardized beer to _. （ A） contrast different peoples consumer behavior （ B） illustrate people s motives of buying luxury goods （ C） question some historians assumptions （ D） show laboring peopl
49、es objection to the capitalist consumerism 34 According to the passage, a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption has been used to _. （ A） investigate the extent of the demand for luxury goods （ B） classify the kinds of luxury goods desired by eighteenth century consumers （ C） explain the motivation of eighteenth century consumers to buy luxury goods （ D） establish the extent to which the tastes of rich consumers were shaped by the middle classes in eighteent
