1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 117 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Youve heard it 100 times already, and its a message that we at Science Careers work hard to convey: Careful planning is essential for a successful caree
2、r in science. Becoming a scientist requires years of training and a long series of good decisions. Choosing a Ph.D. supervisor who will support you, picking a good lab for your postdoc, deciding which research projects to pursue, deciding whether to stay in your current position and finish some impo
3、rtant work or to move on to another exciting opportunitysuch decisions should not be made without careful deliberation.Yet sometimes even the most motivated of scientists in training are led astray by some other passion. And the result, sometimes, can be wonderful. Accidents, spontaneous acts of pas
4、sion, decisions taken casuallyall can lead to totally new and unexpected careers, full of new and unexpected challenges, offering great professional and personal satisfaction.As Science Careers contributing editor Elisabeth Pain reports, Angelo Vermeulen is one of those children who was born to beco
5、me a researcher. “I was like the science kid of the class. I had my own lab, with a microscope and chemicals and binoculars, and I made these walks in nature, collecting samples,“ he says in “The Itinerant Artist“. But he also had a talent for the visual and conceptual arts, and as he did his Ph.D.
6、in biology at the University of Leuven, he also learned photography. Years later, Vermeulen has reconciled his dual interests, producing art that often incorporates science.Jorge Cham was enrolled in the masters program in mechanical engineering at Stanford University when the student newspaper, The
7、 Stanford Daily, put out a call seeking ideas for a new comic strip, Science intern Sara Coehlo writes in “Piled Higher and Deeper: The Everyday Life of a Grad Student.“ After discussing some ideas with friends over dinner, Cham, who used to doodle as a child but had never tried cartooning, proposed
8、 a comic strip about a group of overworked, underpaid, procrastinating graduate students and their terrifying advisers. Piled Higher and Deeper, or PHD, has gone on to become a cult cartoon and Cham a professional cartoonist.Sometimes a late-blooming passion can lead to a full-time career. Jeff Mang
9、ahas, who studied plant and molecular biology at the University of Washington and became a technician in a cancer lab, found his interest in wine increasing. Soon, “the romantic side of wine took hold of me,“ Mangahas says. A transcendent wine-drinking experience drew him into the winemaking field.1
10、 The first paragraph mainly means to_.（A）prove that people should quit doing ordinary work to grab new opportunities（B） explain why people have heard the saying for so many times（C） state that successful scientific career needs thorough consideration（D）demonstrate that picking a good lab is of great
11、 significance to ones postdoc2 We can infer from Paragraph 3 and 4 that_.（A）an editor of the magazine is meant to become a scientist（B） Angelo didnt show his artistic talent as a young boy（C） Jorge didnt dream of being a cartoonist since little（D）people are wasting their time by reading PHD3 The und
12、erlined word in Paragraph 3 refers to_.（A）chosen from（B） given up（C） made preference between（D）achieved accordance between4 By mentioning the case of Jeff Mangahas, the author intends to_.（A）state that working in the lab is too bored to tolerate（B） prove that even late passion can alter ones career
13、path（C） advocate that more people should step into the winemaking field（D）demonstrate how Jeff was attracted to the wine business5 Which of the following is true according to the text?（A）Following instinct may lead to good results sometimes.（B） Mechanical engineers have the talent to make comic stri
14、ps.（C） One should follow strictly the plan to make achievements in science.（D）The romantic side of Angelo is the decisive factor in career choosing.5 The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century
15、. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world towards the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the
16、Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a reevaluation of the role globalization as a force for good,“ he said. “Incomes in many countries plummeted and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been exacerbated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy ex
17、pressed in an increased level of poverty throughout Latin America and Asia.“George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market based reforms have positive effects in the long-term, even if market mechanism
18、s can produce short-term destabilization problems,“ he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.“Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more imp
19、ortant than its economic implications. Janice Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. Most of the worlds dialects will become extinct under globalization. “Were paving the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up insid
20、e.“ she said.Governments have had mixed responses to the current wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, m
21、ost notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of,“ says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance.“ Others, howe
22、ver, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force that must be halted,“ a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country.“6 In paragraph 2, in regard to globalization, the author cites the example of Michael Tenet a
23、s（A）cautious support（B） frustration（C） an interventionism approach（D）a laissez faire attitude7 Janice Yawees reference to “it tears me up inside“ most likely means that_.（A）she will be injured by globalization（B） globalization has hurt emotionally（C） she is going to tear up McDonald advertisements（D
24、）she feels bad about the extinction of her language8 This text deals mainly with_.（A）the positive and negative effects of globalization（B） the rise of firms such as McDonalds（C） different perspectives on globalization（D）the extinction of certain languages9 In paragraph 5, the author describes govern
25、mental response to globalization as_.（A）active opposition（B） measured support（C） supportive and resistive, depending on the country（D）confused and chaotic10 The union officials comments on globalization are best described as_.（A）impartial（B） emotional（C） nonplussed（D）serene10 Cell phone use has expl
26、oded in many countries, easing communication between individuals but causing social malaise as well. In the industrialized West, cell phone use has leapfrogged over conventional phone networks that relied on cumbersome telephone lines and expensive underground wiring. In some countries that lacked t
27、he infrastructure often present in developed nations. In Asian countries, especially poorer ones like Cambodia, such high infrastructure costs are being avoided by simply moving to wireless communication.However, even in the most modern of countries, cell phone use has proved somewhat of a novelty,
28、one that has required a redefinition of social conventions. The ability to always be connected with another person, no matter where one travels, has led to a friction of personal space and different perceptions on the value of communication. Today, cell phone users can talk to friends, workers and f
29、amily members while catching a bus, walking along the street or climbing a flight of stairs.But what of the people around cell phone users? Often a loud call in a movie theatre or a recital hall will bring sighs of annoyance by the audience as impatience with beeping and ringing increases. But shoul
30、d government step in to regulate the use of cell phones and restrict their use? Some argue that market forces are best suited to solving consumer dissatisfaction. Proponents of this perspective cite new rules in movie theatres and concert halls that require patrons to turn off their cell phones befo
31、re the performance begins.Others, however, see a role for government in harnessing this new technology. In some states, it is now illegal to drive and talk on a mobile phone. As a response to these laws and because of the complications of performing more than one task while speaking on a cell phone,
32、 companies have developed headsets so that users can talk “hands free“. Nevertheless, this solution has perhaps aggravated social friction by making cell phone use even more convenient. Many users are now seen talking to themselvesa sign not of mental instabilitybut of the rapid expansion of modern
33、technology.Regardless of private or public restrictions on the use of cell phones, society still has a long way to go before it can truly accept and adapt to the burdens of cell phone use on third parties. Only when distinct social norms are created to deal with common cell phone use will the techno
34、logy become more accepted and viewed less as an irritant.11 The example of Cambodia is used to represent_.（A）a country that needs more phones（B） a country that has a high percentage of cell phone users（C） a country that uses cell phones to avoid high infrastructure costs of traditional phone systems
35、（D）a country that uses mail12 In paragraph 3, what is the authors position in regard to cell phone use restriction?（A）A neutral stance.（B） Firm support for restriction.（C） Opposition to any restriction.（D）Ambivalence.13 According to the text, one unforeseen consequence of hand free use has been_.（A）
36、an increased incident of unusual behavior（B） an increase in cell phone costs（C） an increase in traffic accidents（D）a decrease in brain cancer from cell phone use14 The word “leapfrogged“ in paragraph 1 most probably means that_.（A）cell phone technology is rapidly becoming obsolete（B） cell phone user
37、s communicate by jumping over normal phone lines（C） cell phone use is expanding at a rapid rate（D）cell phone use has replaced and surpassed traditional phone use15 According to the author which of the following must be achieved before cell phone use can be truly accepted?（A）Governments must pass law
38、s stipulating the conditions of cell phone use.（B） Social norms on normal cell phone use need to be adopted.（C） Laws on cell phone use must be harmonized with social norms.（D）Cell phone use should continue without restrictions.15 As any city increases in size, there is a corresponding surge in vehic
39、ular traffic, a problem that, if left unaddressed, can hinder the well-being of its residents. The problem is most acute in developing countries, where an increase in prosperity leads to greater purchasing power and freedom of movement. Hollywood movies and celebrity stars support the popularity of
40、the car, which often lead Western countries to exploit their images for economic reasons. This further promotes the image of car ownership with class privilege and social freedom.In the United States, there is probably no better symbol of car ownership and its cultural supremacy than Southern Califo
41、rnia and Hollywood. The image peddled by the movie industry of the traditional American family includes several cars, with great emphasis on newer models and expensive designs. Behind this image of escapism, however, lie clogged freeways, smog-covered boulevards and frustrated commuters. The once fa
42、mous light rail system that covered most of Los Angeles county has been replaced with mammoth freeways but at the expense of the health of neighboring residential communities.Developing nations have learned lessons from the problems associated with cars by developing a mixture of public transportati
43、on networks, including subway systems, bus routes and light rail service. But even as governments struggle to meet the needs of a rapidly urbanizing society, social forces often overwhelm city budgets by the cost and complexity of providing for clean and effective substitutes to the ease and indepen
44、dence of car ownership.As a result, many countries fall prey to common and perhaps avoidable problems of pollution and traffic congestion, even though these results have negative health and economic consequences. Once set in motion, though, the effects of car ownership are hard to curb. Increased us
45、e of roads often leads to pressure for more freeways and expanded vehicular infrastructure. Since space is often at a premium in large cities, development exacerbates the cost of major subway systems while car users become reluctant to change to public transportation systems.In Singapore, the govern
46、ment has imposed draconian restrictions on car ownership by heavily taxing vehicle imports to the island, imposing a hefty license fee and a variety of administrative costs. Travel to the center of the city is also heavily restricted and public transportation is cheap and easily accessible. Compared
47、 to Los Angeles, where car ownership is a prerequisite for finding a job, the contrast is quite stark. Nevertheless, in both locations the demand for car increases unabated.How will cities, new and old, deal with the pressure for car ownership? In the end, it seems likely that new technology that re
48、duces car pollution and a mixture of public transportation and private car use will result in sustainable transportation solutions. However, governments and citizens must be willing to sacrifice some personal convenience for long-term goals in efficiency and well-being.16 What purpose does the autho
49、rs description of car ownership serve in the first paragraph?（A）It describes the importance of driving for young people.（B） It describes the popular and social influence that cars have on American society.（C） It describes the lack of public transportation.（D）It describes developed countries with many cars.17 Car ownership in Singapore does NOT differ from that of Los Angeles in that_.（A）it is cheaper to own a car in Los Angeles than Singapore（B） it is more expensive to own a car in Los Angeles than Singapo
